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Hudson LN, Newbold T, Contu S, Hill SLL, Lysenko I, De Palma A, Phillips HRP, Senior RA, Bennett DJ, Booth H, Choimes A, Correia DLP, Day J, Echeverría-Londoño S, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Ingram DJ, Jung M, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Martin CD, Pan Y, White HJ, Aben J, Abrahamczyk S, Adum GB, Aguilar-Barquero V, Aizen MA, Ancrenaz M, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Armbrecht I, Azhar B, Azpiroz AB, Baeten L, Báldi A, Banks JE, Barlow J, Batáry P, Bates AJ, Bayne EM, Beja P, Berg Å, Berry NJ, Bicknell JE, Bihn JH, Böhning-Gaese K, Boekhout T, Boutin C, Bouyer J, Brearley FQ, Brito I, Brunet J, Buczkowski G, Buscardo E, Cabra-García J, Calviño-Cancela M, Cameron SA, Cancello EM, Carrijo TF, Carvalho AL, Castro H, Castro-Luna AA, Cerda R, Cerezo A, Chauvat M, Clarke FM, Cleary DFR, Connop SP, D'Aniello B, da Silva PG, Darvill B, Dauber J, Dejean A, Diekötter T, Dominguez-Haydar Y, Dormann CF, Dumont B, Dures SG, Dynesius M, Edenius L, Elek Z, Entling MH, Farwig N, Fayle TM, Felicioli A, Felton AM, Ficetola GF, Filgueiras BKC, Fonte SJ, Fraser LH, Fukuda D, Furlani D, Ganzhorn JU, Garden JG, Gheler-Costa C, Giordani P, Giordano S, Gottschalk MS, Goulson D, Gove AD, Grogan J, Hanley ME, Hanson T, Hashim NR, Hawes JE, Hébert C, Helden AJ, Henden JA, Hernández L, Herzog F, Higuera-Diaz D, Hilje B, Horgan FG, Horváth R, Hylander K, Isaacs-Cubides P, Ishitani M, Jacobs CT, Jaramillo VJ, Jauker B, Jonsell M, Jung TS, Kapoor V, Kati V, Katovai E, Kessler M, Knop E, Kolb A, Kőrösi Á, Lachat T, Lantschner V, Le Féon V, LeBuhn G, Légaré JP, Letcher SG, Littlewood NA, López-Quintero CA, Louhaichi M, Lövei GL, Lucas-Borja ME, Luja VH, Maeto K, Magura T, Mallari NA, Marin-Spiotta E, Marshall EJP, Martínez E, Mayfield MM, Mikusinski G, Milder JC, Miller JR, Morales CL, Muchane MN, Muchane M, Naidoo R, Nakamura A, Naoe S, Nates-Parra G, Navarrete Gutierrez DA, Neuschulz EL, Noreika N, Norfolk O, Noriega JA, Nöske NM, O'Dea N, Oduro W, Ofori-Boateng C, Oke CO, Osgathorpe LM, Paritsis J, Parra-H A, Pelegrin N, Peres CA, Persson AS, Petanidou T, Phalan B, Philips TK, Poveda K, Power EF, Presley SJ, Proença V, Quaranta M, Quintero C, Redpath-Downing NA, Reid JL, Reis YT, Ribeiro DB, Richardson BA, Richardson MJ, Robles CA, Römbke J, Romero-Duque LP, Rosselli L, Rossiter SJ, Roulston TH, Rousseau L, Sadler JP, Sáfián S, Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Samnegård U, Schüepp C, Schweiger O, Sedlock JL, Shahabuddin G, Sheil D, Silva FAB, Slade EM, Smith-Pardo AH, Sodhi NS, Somarriba EJ, Sosa RA, Stout JC, Struebig MJ, Sung YH, Threlfall CG, Tonietto R, Tóthmérész B, Tscharntke T, Turner EC, Tylianakis JM, Vanbergen AJ, Vassilev K, Verboven HAF, Vergara CH, Vergara PM, Verhulst J, Walker TR, Wang Y, Watling JI, Wells K, Williams CD, Willig MR, Woinarski JCZ, Wolf JHD, Woodcock BA, Yu DW, Zaitsev AS, Collen B, Ewers RM, Mace GM, Purves DW, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A. The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4701-35. [PMID: 25558364 PMCID: PMC4278822 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – http://www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Hudson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Tim Newbold
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; Computational Ecology and Environmental Science, Microsoft Research 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, U.K
| | - Sara Contu
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Samantha L L Hill
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Igor Lysenko
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Dominic J Bennett
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Hollie Booth
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; Frankfurt Zoological Society, Africa Regional Office PO Box 14935, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Argyrios Choimes
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - David L P Correia
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Julie Day
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Susy Echeverría-Londoño
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Morgan Garon
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | | | - Daniel J Ingram
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Martin Jung
- Center for Macroecology, Climate and Evolution, the Natural History Museum of Denmark Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victoria Kemp
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- School of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Stirling Bridge of Allan, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Callum D Martin
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Hannah J White
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Job Aben
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gilbert B Adum
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, FRNR, CANR, KNUST Kumasi, Ghana ; SAVE THE FROGS! Ghana Box KS 15924, Adum-Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Marcelo A Aizen
- CONICET, Lab. INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET) Pasaje Gutierrez 1125, 8400, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN - Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme PO Box 17793, 88874, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F, Mexico ; Colección de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Km 17 Cali-Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Inge Armbrecht
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Badrul Azhar
- Biodiversity Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adrián B Azpiroz
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lander Baeten
- Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Gontrode, Belgium ; Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology, Ghent University K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - András Báldi
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - John E Banks
- University of Washington 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, Washington, 98402, U.K
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K ; MCT/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology, Georg-August University Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adam J Bates
- University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Erin M Bayne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta CW 405 - Biological Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Pedro Beja
- EDP Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-601, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Åke Berg
- The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Swedish Biodiversity Centre SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Berry
- University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences Crew Building, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, U.K
| | - Jake E Bicknell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent Canterbury, CT2 7NR, U.K ; Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development 77 High Street, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Jochen H Bihn
- Department of Animal Ecology, Philipps-University Marburg Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Biologicum, Goethe University Frankfurt Max von Laue St. 13, D 60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Boutin
- Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) 34398, Montpellier, France ; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Q Brearley
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Isabel Brito
- University of Évora - ICAAMA, Apartado 94 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Buczkowski
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, Portugal
| | - Erika Buscardo
- Centro de Ecologia Funcional, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal ; Escritório Central do LBA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Aleixo, CEP 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil ; Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jimmy Cabra-García
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - María Calviño-Cancela
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sydney A Cameron
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois, 61801, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Cancello
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Carrijo
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelena L Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Av. André Araújo, 2.936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Helena Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alejandro A Castro-Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas, 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, CP 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rolando Cerda
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center 7170, Cartago, Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica
| | - Alexis Cerezo
- Department of Quantitative Methods and Information Systems, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, C.P. 1417, Argentina
| | - Matthieu Chauvat
- Normandie Univ., EA 1293 ECODIV-Rouen, SFR SCALE, UFR Sciences et Techniques 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Daniel F R Cleary
- Department of Biology, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Stuart P Connop
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London 4-6 University Way, London, E16 2RD, U.K
| | - Biagio D'Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Pedro Giovâni da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ben Darvill
- British Trust for Ornithology, University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Jens Dauber
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alain Dejean
- CNRS, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172) BP 316, 97379, Kourou cedex, France ; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (Ecolab) 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Nature and Resource Conservation, Kiel University Olshausenstrasse 75, 24098, Kiel, Germany ; Department of Biology, Nature Conservation, University Marburg Marburg, Germany ; Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten F Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg Tennenbacher Strasse 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertrand Dumont
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Simon G Dures
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Nuffield Building, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Mats Dynesius
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Edenius
- Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Elek
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, c/o Biological Institute, Eötvös Lóránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin H Entling
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Ecology - Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg Karl-von-Frisch-Street 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K ; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech Republic Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic ; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa Viale delle Piagge, n°2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annika M Felton
- The Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 49, 23453, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Gentile F Ficetola
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno K C Filgueiras
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, California, 95616, Canada
| | - Lauchlan H Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Daisuke Fukuda
- IDEA Consultants Inc Okinawa Branch Office, Aja 2-6-19, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0003, Japan
| | - Dario Furlani
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH Königsallee 9 - 21, 37081, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg U Ganzhorn
- University of Hamburg, Biocentre Grindel Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jenni G Garden
- Seed Consulting Services 106 Gilles Street, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia ; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Carla Gheler-Costa
- Ecologia Aplicada/Applied Ecology, Universidade Sagrado Coração (USC) Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Giordani
- DISTAV, University of Genova Corso Dogali 1M, 16136, Genova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco S Gottschalk
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) PO Box 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Aaron D Gove
- Astron Environmental Services 129 Royal Street, East Perth, WA, 6004, Australia ; Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - James Grogan
- Mount Holyoke College, Department of Biological Sciences South Hadley, Massachusetts, 01075, U.K
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological Science, University of Plymouth Drake's Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K
| | - Thor Hanson
- 351 False Bay Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, Malaysia
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- International University of Malaya-Wales Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil ; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre 1055 du P.E.P.S., PO Box 10380, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
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- Animal & Environmental Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, U.K
| | - John-André Henden
- University of Tromsø, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lionel Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Apdo. Postal 8050, Puerto Ordaz, 8015, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela
| | - Felix Herzog
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| | - Diego Higuera-Diaz
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| | - Branko Hilje
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Tecnológico de Costa Rica Apartado, 159-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica ; Asociación para la Conservación y el Estudio de la Biodiversidad (ACEBIO) Casa 15, Barrio Los Abogados, Zapote, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Finbarr G Horgan
- International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines
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- University of Debrecen, Department of Ecology PO Box 71, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Isaacs-Cubides
- Instituto de Investigaciones y Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Masahiro Ishitani
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Education 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan
| | - Carmen T Jacobs
- Scarab Research Group, University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Víctor J Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México A.P. 27-3 Santa María de Guido, Morelia, Michoacán,, México C.P. 58090, Mexico
| | - Birgit Jauker
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mats Jonsell
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| | - Thomas S Jung
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- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University Cairns, Qld, Australia ; School of Science and Technology, Pacific Adventist University Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Knop
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Kolb
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| | - Ádám Kőrösi
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group Pázmány Péter s. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary, Germany ; Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Glasshüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Thibault Lachat
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Zürcherstrasse 11, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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| | | | - Gretchen LeBuhn
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| | - Jean-Philippe Légaré
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| | | | | | - Mounir Louhaichi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) P.O. Box 950764, Amman, 11195, Jordan
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- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg Research Centre Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Castilla La Mancha University, School of Advanced Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agroforestry Technology and Science and Genetics Campus Universitario s/n, C.P. 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Victor H Luja
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Unidad Académica de Turismo, Coordinación de Investigación y Posgrado Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo s/n, C.P. 63155, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Kaoru Maeto
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| | - Tibor Magura
- Hortobágy National Park Directorate, 4002, Debrecen, P.O.Box 216, Hungary
| | - Neil Aldrin Mallari
- Fauna & Flora International Philippines #8 Foggy Heights Subdivision San Jose, Tagaytay City, 4120, Philippines ; De La Salle University-Dasmariñas West Ave, Dasmariñas, 4115, Philippines
| | - Erika Marin-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison 550 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, U.K
| | - E J P Marshall
- Marshall Agroecology Ltd, 2 Nut Tree Cottages, Barton, Winscombe,, BS25 1DU, U.K
| | - Eliana Martínez
- Escuela de Posgrados, Facultad de Agronomía, Doctorado en Agroecología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Margaret M Mayfield
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences Brisbane, Qld, 4120, Australia
| | - Grzegorz Mikusinski
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, 730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey C Milder
- Rainforest Alliance 233 Broadway, 28th Floor, New York City, New York, 10279, Kenya
| | - James R Miller
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences N-407 Turner Hall, MC-047, 1102 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, Kenya
| | - Carolina L Morales
- CONICET, Lab. INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET) Pasaje Gutierrez 1125, 8400, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Mary N Muchane
- National Museums of Kenya, Botany Department P.O. Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muchai Muchane
- Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robin Naidoo
- WWF 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia, 20037, China
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden CAS, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shoji Naoe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Guiomar Nates-Parra
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eike L Neuschulz
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Norbertas Noreika
- Department of Biosciences and Department of Environmental Sciences, Urban Ecology Research Group, University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 2a, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivia Norfolk
- School of Biology, The University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jorge Ari Noriega
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática - LAZOEA, Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Niall O'Dea
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, U.K
| | - William Oduro
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, FRNR, CANR, KNUST Kumasi, Ghana ; SAVE THE FROGS! Ghana Box KS 15924, Adum-Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Caleb Ofori-Boateng
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana ; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Chris O Oke
- Department of Animal & Environmental Biology, University of Benin Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lynne M Osgathorpe
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), The Lodge Sandy, Bedfordshire,, SG19 2DL, U.K
| | - Juan Paritsis
- Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET-INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Parra-H
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Avenida. Bandeirantes, 3900 - CEP 14040-901 - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas-LABUN, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio Uriel Gutiérrez, Bogotá, DC, Colombia, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pelegrin
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Centro de Zoología Aplicada (UNC) Rondeau 798 X5000AVP, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Anna S Persson
- Lund University, Department of Biology/Biodiversity Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ben Phalan
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - T Keith Philips
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, Kentucky, 42101, Ireland
| | - Katja Poveda
- Entomology, Cornell University 4126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14850, Ireland
| | - Eileen F Power
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steven J Presley
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Portugal
| | - Vânia Proença
- IN+, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marino Quaranta
- CRA-ABP, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'agrobiologia e la pedologia Via Lanciola 12/A, 50125 - Cascine del Riccio, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Quintero
- Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET-INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Nicola A Redpath-Downing
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh Park, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, U.K
| | - J Leighton Reid
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, Brazil
| | - Yana T Reis
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Danilo B Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul P.O Box 549, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Barbara A Richardson
- 165 Braid Road, Edinburgh, EH10 6JE, U.K ; Associate Scientist, Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936-8377, Argentina
| | - Michael J Richardson
- 165 Braid Road, Edinburgh, EH10 6JE, U.K ; Associate Scientist, Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936-8377, Argentina
| | - Carolina A Robles
- PROPLAME-PRHIDEB-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria PB II, 4to piso, (CP1428EHA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jörg Römbke
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH Böttgerstr. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany
| | | | - Loreta Rosselli
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A. Cl 222 No. 55-37, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road, London, E3 5GN, U.K
| | - T'ai H Roulston
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904-4123, Canada ; Blandy Experimental Farm 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia, 22620, Canada
| | - Laurent Rousseau
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4., 9400, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Romeo A Saldaña-Vázquez
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N° 351 El Haya, CP, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ulrika Samnegård
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences SE, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christof Schüepp
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jodi L Sedlock
- Lawrence University 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, Wisconsin, 54911, India
| | - Ghazala Shahabuddin
- School of Human Ecology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University Lothian Road, Delhi, 110006, India
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway ; Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Fernando A B Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K
| | - Allan H Smith-Pardo
- USDA - APHIS - PPQ 389 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 2, South San Francisco, California, 94080, Colombia, Republic of Singapore ; Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cra. 64 X Cll. 65. Bloque 11, Oficina 207, Medellin, Colombia, Republic of Singapore
| | - Navjot S Sodhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eduardo J Somarriba
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center 7170, Cartago, Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica
| | - Ramón A Sosa
- EComAS (Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Comunidades Áridas y Semiáridas), Dpto. de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences and Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent Canterbury, CT2 7NR, U.K
| | - Yik-Hei Sung
- Kadoorie Conservation China, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caragh G Threlfall
- Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - Rebecca Tonietto
- Northwestern University Program in Plant Biology and Conservation 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 2-144, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, Hungary ; Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, 60022, Hungary
| | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Georg-August University Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar C Turner
- University Museum of Zoology Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K ; University of Canterbury Private bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science 23 Akademik Georgi Bonchev str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hans A F Verboven
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos H Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla 72810, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pablo M Vergara
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile Avenida Alameda Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jort Verhulst
- Spotvogellaan 68, 2566 PN, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Tony R Walker
- School of Biology, The University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K ; Dillon Consulting Limited 137 Chain Lake Drive, Halifax, NS, B3S 1B3, Canada
| | - Yanping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - James I Watling
- University of Florida 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314, Australia
| | - Konstans Wells
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide SA, 5005, Australia ; Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher D Williams
- Behavioural Ecology and Biocontrol, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Australia ; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Australia
| | | | - Jan H D Wolf
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Douglas W Yu
- University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk,, NR4 7TJ, U.K ; Kunming Institute of Zoology Kunming, Yunnan,, 650023, China
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Institute of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany ; A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Leninsky Prospekt 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Rob M Ewers
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Drew W Purves
- Computational Ecology and Environmental Science, Microsoft Research 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, U.K
| | - Jörn P W Scharlemann
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
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