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Doležálková-Kaštánková M, Pruvost NBM, Plötner J, Reyer HU, Janko K, Choleva L. All-male hybrids of a tetrapod Pelophylax esculentus share its origin and genetics of maintenance. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29609661 PMCID: PMC5880063 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual parasites offer unique insights into the reproduction of unisexual and sexual populations. Because unisexuality is almost exclusively linked to the female sex, most studies addressed host-parasite dynamics in populations where sperm-dependent females dominate. Pelophylax water frogs from Central Europe include hybrids of both sexes, collectively named P. esculentus. They live syntopically with their parental species P. lessonae and/or P. ridibundus. Some hybrid lineages consist of all males providing a chance to understand the origin and perpetuation of a host-parasite (egg-dependent) system compared to sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. Methods We focused on P. ridibundus-P. esculentus populations where P. ridibundus of both sexes lives together with only diploid P. esculentus males. Based on 17 microsatellite markers and six allozyme loci, we analyzed (i) the variability of individual genomes, (ii) the reproductive mode(s) of all-male hybrids, and (iii) the genealogical relationships between the hybrid and parental genomes. Results Our microsatellite data revealed that P. esculentus males bear Mendelian-inherited ridibundus genomes while the lessonae genome represents a single clone. Our data indicate that this clone did not recently originate from adjacent P. lessonae populations, suggesting an older in situ or ex situ origin. Conclusions Our results confirm that also males can perpetuate over many generations as the unisexual lineage and successfully compete with P. ridibundus males for eggs provided by P. ridibundus females. Natural persistence of such sex-specific hybrid populations allows to studying the similarities and differences between male and female reproductive parasitism in many biological settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0172-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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Doležálková M, Sember A, Marec F, Ráb P, Plötner J, Choleva L. Is premeiotic genome elimination an exclusive mechanism for hemiclonal reproduction in hybrid males of the genus Pelophylax? BMC Genet 2016; 17:100. [PMID: 27368375 PMCID: PMC4930623 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to eliminate a parental genome from a eukaryotic germ cell is a phenomenon observed mostly in hybrid organisms displaying an alternative propagation to sexual reproduction. For most taxa, the underlying cellular pathways and timing of the elimination process is only poorly understood. In the water frog hybrid Pelophylax esculentus (parental taxa are P. ridibundus and P. lessonae) the only described mechanism assumes that one parental genome is excluded from the germline during metamorphosis and prior to meiosis, while only second genome enters meiosis after endoreduplication. Our study of hybrids from a P. ridibundus—P. esculentus-male populations known for its production of more types of gametes shows that hybridogenetic mechanism of genome elimination is not uniform. Results Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on mitotic and meiotic cell stages, we identified at least two pathways of meiotic mechanisms. One type of Pelophylax esculentus males provides supporting evidence of a premeiotic elimination of one parental genome. In several other males we record the presence of both parental genomes in the late phases of meiotic prophase I (diplotene) and metaphase I. Conclusion Some P. esculentus males have no genome elimination from the germ line prior to meiosis. Considering previous cytological and experimental evidence for a formation of both ridibundus and lessonae sperm within a single P. esculentus individual, we propose a hypothesis that genome elimination from the germline can either be postponed to the meiotic stages or absent altogether in these hybrids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doležálková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - František Marec
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
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Hoffmann A, Plötner J, Pruvost NBM, Christiansen DG, Röthlisberger S, Choleva L, Mikulíček P, Cogălniceanu D, Sas-Kovács I, Shabanov D, Morozov-Leonov S, Reyer HU. Genetic diversity and distribution patterns of diploid and polyploid hybrid water frog populations (Pelophylax esculentus complex) across Europe. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4371-91. [PMID: 26308154 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a rare yet sometimes successful way for animals to rapidly create geno- and phenotypes that may colonize new habitats and quickly adapt to environmental changes. In this study, we use water frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex, comprising two species (Pelophylax lessonae, genotype LL; Pelophylax ridibundus, RR) and various diploid (LR) and triploid (LLR, LRR) hybrid forms, summarized as P. esculentus, as a model for studying recent hybridization and polyploidization in the context of speciation. Specifically, we compared the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of diploid and triploid hybrids across Europe to understand their origin, maintenance and potential role in hybrid speciation. We found that different hybrid and parental genotypes are not evenly distributed across Europe. Rather, their genetic diversity is structured by latitude and longitude and the presence/absence of parental species but not of triploids. Highest genetic diversity was observed in central and eastern Europe, the lowest in the northwestern parts of Europe. This gradient can be explained by the decrease in genetic diversity during postglacial expansion from southeastern glacial refuge areas. Genealogical relationships calculated on the basis of microsatellite data clearly indicate that hybrids are of multiple origin and include a huge variety of parental genomes. Water frogs in mixed-ploidy populations without any parental species (i.e. all-hybrid populations) can be viewed as evolutionary units that may be on their way towards hybrid speciation. Maintenance of such all-hybrid populations requires a continuous exchange of genomes between diploids and triploids, but scenarios for alternative evolutionary trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hoffmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ditte G Christiansen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Röthlisberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Rumburská 89, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-1, Bratislava, SK-84215, Slovak Republic
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, University Ovidius Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, corp B, Constanţa, Romania
| | - István Sas-Kovács
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii str. 1, Oradea, 410087, Romania
| | - Dmitry Shabanov
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq 4, Kharkiv, 62077, Ukraine
| | - Svyatoslav Morozov-Leonov
- Department of Evolutionary Genetic Basics of Systematics, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, B. Khmelnitskogo st., 15 Kyiv-30, Kyiv, MSP UA-01601, Ukraine
| | - Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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Grau JH, Nuñez JJ, Plötner J, Poustka AJ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Telmatobufo australis (Amphibia: Anura: Calyptocephalellidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2817-8. [PMID: 26094990 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1053082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial (mt) genome of Telmatobufo australis is a circular molecule of 17,989 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. Gene order and content are identical to those previously reported from other neobatrachian mt genomes. Two protein-coding genes (COI and ATP6) presumably used GTG as start codons while COIII possessed an incomplete stop codon.
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Affiliation(s)
- José H Grau
- a Environmental and Phylogenomics Group, Dahlem Centre for Genome Research and Medical Systems Biology , Berlin , Germany .,b Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin , Germany , and
| | - José J Nuñez
- c Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
| | - Jörg Plötner
- b Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin , Germany , and
| | - Albert J Poustka
- a Environmental and Phylogenomics Group, Dahlem Centre for Genome Research and Medical Systems Biology , Berlin , Germany
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Plötner J, Akın Pekşen Ç, Baier F, Uzzell T, Bilgin CC. Genetic evidence for human-mediated introduction of Anatolian water frogs (Pelophylaxcf.bedriagae) to Cyprus (Amphibia: Ranidae). Zoology in the Middle East 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2015.1027495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Plötner J, Grunwald C. A mathematical model of the structure and the dynamics of Rana ridibunda/esculenta-♂ ♂-populations (Anura, Ranidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1991.tb01631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grau JH, Poustka AJ, Meixner M, Plötner J. LTR retroelements are intrinsic components of transcriptional networks in frogs. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:626. [PMID: 25056159 PMCID: PMC4131045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LTR retroelements (LTR REs) constitute a major group of transposable elements widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes. Through their own mechanism of retrotranscription LTR REs enrich the genomic landscape by providing genetic variability, thus contributing to genome structure and organization. Nonetheless, transcriptomic activity of LTR REs still remains an obscure domain within cell, developmental, and organism biology. Results Here we present a first comparative analysis of LTR REs for anuran amphibians based on a full depth coverage transcriptome of the European pool frog, Pelophylax lessonae, the genome of the African clawed frog, Silurana tropicalis (release v7.1), and additional transcriptomes of S. tropicalis and Cyclorana alboguttata. We identified over 1000 copies of LTR REs from all four families (Bel/Pao, Ty1/Copia, Ty3/Gypsy, Retroviridae) in the genome of S. tropicalis and discovered transcripts of several of these elements in all RNA-seq datasets analyzed. Elements of the Ty3/Gypsy family were most active, especially Amn-san elements, which accounted for approximately 0.27% of the genome in Silurana. Some elements exhibited tissue specific expression patterns, for example Hydra1.1 and MuERV-like elements in Pelophylax. In S. tropicalis considerable transcription of LTR REs was observed during embryogenesis as soon as the embryonic genome became activated, i.e. at midblastula transition. In the course of embryonic development the spectrum of transcribed LTR REs changed; during gastrulation and neurulation MuERV-like and SnRV like retroviruses were abundantly transcribed while during organogenesis transcripts of the XEN1 retroviruses became much more active. Conclusions The differential expression of LTR REs during embryogenesis in concert with their tissue-specificity and the protein domains they encode are evidence for the functional roles these elements play as integrative parts of complex regulatory networks. Our results support the meanwhile widely accepted concept that retroelements are not simple “junk DNA” or “harmful genomic parasites” but essential components of the transcriptomic machinery in vertebrates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-626) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Horacio Grau
- Dahlem Center for Genome Research and Medical Systems Biology, Fabeckstraße 60-62, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Trojanowski P, Plötner J, Grünewald C, Graupner FF, Slavov C, Reuss AJ, Braun M, Engels JW, Wachtveitl J. Photo-physical properties of 2-(1-ethynylpyrene)-adenosine: influence of hydrogen bonding on excited state properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:13875-88. [PMID: 24894337 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photo-physical properties of 2-(1-ethynylpyrene)-adenosine (PyA), a fluorescent probe for RNA dynamics, were examined by solvation studies. The excited-state dynamics display the influence of the vicinity on the spectral features. Combining improved transient absorption and streak camera measurements along with a new analysis method provide a detailed molecular picture of the photophysics. After intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR), two distinct states are observed. Solvent class (protic/aprotic) and permittivity strongly affect the properties of these states and their population ratio. As a result their emission spectrum is altered, while the fluorescence quantum yield and the overall lifetime remain nearly unchanged. Consequently, the hitherto existing model of the photophysics is herein refined and extended. The findings can serve as basis for improving the information content of measurements with PyA as a label in RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trojanowski
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Ohst T, Gräser Y, Plötner J. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Germany: distribution, prevalences, and prediction of high risk areas. Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 107:49-59. [PMID: 24270023 DOI: 10.3354/dao02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Germany, the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was detected in 11 indigenous frog species, 4 newt species, and 1 salamander species in 64 out of the 181 locations (35%) investigated. Among the 3450 samples collected between 2003 and 2011, 284 (8.2%) were positive for Bd infections. The highest prevalences were observed in Alytes obstetricans (17.8% of individuals, 20% of populations), followed by Ichthyosaura alpestris (14.7%, 22.2%), Bombina variegata (13.9%, 38.5%), and water frogs comprising 2 species, Pelophylax lessonae and P. ridibundus, and their hybrid form P. esculentus (13.5%, 29.0%). Bd is widespread; areas of higher prevalence were detected in eastern, southeastern, western, and southwestern Germany. Our data indicate that drift fencing of amphibians is not a risk factor for the anthropogenic spread of Bd. Although chytridiomycosis outbreaks have never been observed in Germany, it cannot be excluded that Bd infections affect the dynamics of local amphibian populations. Among the questions still to be answered is whether juveniles are more susceptible to Bd infections than adults. Further work, especially long-term observations including capture-mark-recapture studies, is required to clarify the impact Bd has on amphibians in Germany and Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Ohst
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Berlin-Charité, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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Doherty-Bone TM, Gonwouo NL, Hirschfeld M, Ohst T, Weldon C, Perkins M, Kouete MT, Browne RK, Loader SP, Gower DJ, Wilkinson MW, Rödel MO, Penner J, Barej MF, Schmitz A, Plötner J, Cunningham AA. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians of Cameroon, including first records for caecilians. Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 102:187-194. [PMID: 23446968 DOI: 10.3354/dao02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been hypothesised to be an indigenous parasite of African amphibians. In Cameroon, however, previous surveys in one region (in the northwest) failed to detect this pathogen, despite the earliest African Bd having been recorded from a frog in eastern Cameroon, plus one recent record in the far southeast. To reconcile these contrasting results, we present survey data from 12 localities across 6 regions of Cameroon from anurans (n = 1052) and caecilians (n = 85) of ca. 108 species. Bd was detected in 124 amphibian hosts at 7 localities, including Mt. Oku, Mt. Cameroon, Mt. Manengouba and lowland localities in the centre and west of the country. None of the hosts were observed dead or dying. Infected amphibian hosts were not detected in other localities in the south and eastern rainforest belt. Infection occurred in both anurans and caecilians, making this the first reported case of infection in the latter order (Gymnophiona) of amphibians. There was no significant difference between prevalence and infection intensity in frogs and caecilians. We highlight the importance of taking into account the inhibition of diagnostic qPCR in studies on Bd, based on all Bd-positive hosts being undetected when screened without bovine serum albumin in the qPCR mix. The status of Bd as an indigenous, cosmopolitan amphibian parasite in Africa, including Cameroon, is supported by this work. Isolating and sequencing strains of Bd from Cameroon should now be a priority. Longitudinal host population monitoring will be required to determine the effects, if any, of the infection on amphibians in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Doherty-Bone
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Penner J, Adum GB, McElroy MT, Doherty-Bone T, Hirschfeld M, Sandberger L, Weldon C, Cunningham AA, Ohst T, Wombwell E, Portik DM, Reid D, Hillers A, Ofori-Boateng C, Oduro W, Plötner J, Ohler A, Leaché AD, Rödel MO. West Africa - a safe haven for frogs? A sub-continental assessment of the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). PLoS One 2013; 8:e56236. [PMID: 23426141 PMCID: PMC3572032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A putative driver of global amphibian decline is the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). While Bd has been documented across continental Africa, its distribution in West Africa remains ambiguous. We tested 793 West African amphibians (one caecilian and 61 anuran species) for the presence of Bd. The samples originated from seven West African countries - Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone - and were collected from a variety of habitats, ranging from lowland rainforests to montane forests, montane grasslands to humid and dry lowland savannahs. The species investigated comprised various life-history strategies, but we focused particularly on aquatic and riparian species. We used diagnostic PCR to screen 656 specimen swabs and histology to analyse 137 specimen toe tips. All samples tested negative for Bd, including a widespread habitat generalist Hoplobatrachus occipitalis which is intensively traded on the West African food market and thus could be a potential dispersal agent for Bd. Continental fine-grained (30 arc seconds) environmental niche models suggest that Bd should have a broad distribution across West Africa that includes most of the regions and habitats that we surveyed. The surprising apparent absence of Bd in West Africa indicates that the Dahomey Gap may have acted as a natural barrier. Herein we highlight the importance of this Bd-free region of the African continent - especially for the long-term conservation of several threatened species depending on fast flowing forest streams (Conraua alleni ("Vulnerable") and Petropedetes natator ("Near Threatened")) as well as the "Critically Endangered" viviparous toad endemic to the montane grasslands of Mount Nimba (Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Penner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Berlin, Germany.
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Trojanowski P, Plötner J, Grünewald C, Braun M, Reuss A, Engels J, Wachtveitl J. Photophysical processes of the spectroscopic RNA probe 2-(1-ethynylpyrene)-adenosine (PyA). EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hotz H, Beerli P, Uzzell T, Guex GD, Pruvost NBM, Schreiber R, Plötner J. Balancing a cline by influx of migrants: a genetic transition in water frogs of eastern Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 104:57-71. [PMID: 23125403 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Variation patterns of allozymes and of ND3 haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA reveal a zone of genetic transition among western Palearctic water frogs extending across northeastern Greece and European Turkey. At the western end of the zone, allozymes characteristic of Central European frogs known as Pelophylax ridibundus predominate, whereas at the eastern end, alleles characteristic of western Anatolian water frogs (P. cf. bedriagae) prevail. The ND3 haplotypes reveal 2 major clades, 1 characteristic of Anatolian frogs, the other of European; the European clade itself has distinct eastern and western subclades. Both the 2 major clades and the 2 subclades overlap within the transition zone. Using Bayesian model selection methods, allozyme data suggest considerable immigration into the Nestos River area from eastern and western populations. In contrast, the ND3 data suggest that migration rates are so high among all locations that they form a single panmictic unit; the best model for allozymes is second best for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Nuclear markers (allozymes), which have roughly 4 times as deep a coalescent history as mtDNA data and thus may reflect patterns over a longer time, indicate that eastern and western refugial populations have expanded since deglaciation (in the last 10,000 years) and have met near the Nestos River, whereas the mtDNA with its smaller effective population size has already lost the signal of partitioning into refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjürg Hotz
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Paepke HJ, Günther R, Plötner J. On the Occasion of the Eightieth Birthday of Prof. Dr. Günther Peters. ZOOSYST EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zoos.201200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Plötner J, Baier F, Akın C, Mazepa G, Schreiber R, Beerli P, Litvinchuk SN, Bilgin CC, Borkin L, Uzzell T. Genetic data reveal that water frogs of Cyprus (genusPelophylax) are an endemic species of Messinian origin. ZOOSYST EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zoos.201200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
We used molecular techniques to examine 11 species of frogs in 6 localities in southern Chile to ascertain the incidence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We detected the fungus in 2 localities (Coñaripe and Raúl Marín Balmaceda) in 3 species: Batrachyla leptopus, Pleurodema thaul and Rhinoderma darwinii. Our findings expand the list of Bd hosts to include B. leptopus and P. thaul and extend the spatial distribution in Chile to include the southernmost Bd record at Raúl Marín Balmaceda.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bourke
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
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Gottschling M, Soehner S, Zinssmeister C, John U, Plötner J, Schweikert M, Aligizaki K, Elbrächter M. Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data. Protist 2011; 163:15-24. [PMID: 21741879 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of the Dinophyceae (Alveolata) are not sufficiently resolved at present. The Thoracosphaeraceae (Peridiniales) are the only group of the Alveolata that include members with calcareous coccoid stages; this trait is considered apomorphic. Although the coccoid stage apparently is not calcareous, Bysmatrum has been assigned to the Thoracosphaeraceae based on thecal morphology. We tested the monophyly of the Thoracosphaeraceae using large sets of ribosomal RNA sequence data of the Alveolata including the Dinophyceae. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The Thoracosphaeraceae were monophyletic, but included also a number of non-calcareous dinophytes (such as Pentapharsodinium and Pfiesteria) and even parasites (such as Duboscquodinium and Tintinnophagus). Bysmatrum had an isolated and uncertain phylogenetic position outside the Thoracosphaeraceae. The phylogenetic relationships among calcareous dinophytes appear complex, and the assumption of the single origin of the potential to produce calcareous structures is challenged. The application of concatenated ribosomal RNA sequence data may prove promising for phylogenetic reconstructions of the Dinophyceae in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gottschling
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Biodiversitätsforschung, Organismische Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, GeoBio-Center, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany.
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Akın Ç, Bilgin CC, Beerli P, Westaway R, Ohst T, Litvinchuk SN, Uzzell T, Bilgin M, Hotz H, Guex GD, Plötner J. Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in eastern Mediterranean water frogs have been determined by geological processes and climate change in the Late Cenozoic. J Biogeogr 2010; 37:2111-2124. [PMID: 22473251 PMCID: PMC3004368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM: Our aims were to assess the phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in eastern Mediterranean water frogs and to estimate divergence times using different geological scenarios. We related divergence times to past geological events and discuss the relevance of our data for the systematics of eastern Mediterranean water frogs. LOCATION: The eastern Mediterranean region. METHODS: Genetic diversity and divergence were calculated using sequences of two protein-coding mitochondrial (mt) genes: ND2 (1038 bp, 119 sequences) and ND3 (340 bp, 612 sequences). Divergence times were estimated in a Bayesian framework under four geological scenarios representing alternative possible geological histories for the eastern Mediterranean. We then compared the different scenarios using Bayes factors and additional geological data. RESULTS: Extensive genetic diversity in mtDNA divides eastern Mediterranean water frogs into six main haplogroups (MHG). Three MHGs were identified on the Anatolian mainland; the most widespread MHG with the highest diversity is distributed from western Anatolia to the northern shore of the Caspian Sea, including the type locality of Pelophylax ridibundus. The other two Anatolian MHGs are restricted to south-eastern Turkey, occupying localities west and east of the Amanos mountain range. One of the remaining three MHGs is restricted to Cyprus; a second to the Levant; the third was found in the distribution area of European lake frogs (P. ridibundus group), including the Balkans. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Based on geological evidence and estimates of genetic divergence we hypothesize that the water frogs of Cyprus have been isolated from the Anatolian mainland populations since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), i.e. since c. 5.5-5.3 Ma, while our divergence time estimates indicate that the isolation of Crete from the mainland populations (Peloponnese, Anatolia) most likely pre-dates the MSC. The observed rates of divergence imply a time window of c. 1.6-1.1 million years for diversification of the largest Anatolian MHG; divergence between the two other Anatolian MHGs may have begun about 3.0 Ma, apparently as a result of uplift of the Amanos Mountains. Our mtDNA data suggest that the Anatolian water frogs and frogs from Cyprus represent several undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Akın
- Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Can Bilgin
- Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Peter Beerli
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA
| | - Rob Westaway
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computing and Technology, The Open University, Abbots Hill, Gateshead NE8 3DF, UK, and IRES, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Torsten Ohst
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Spartak N. Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospekt 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Thomas Uzzell
- Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Ecology, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 B. F. Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Metin Bilgin
- Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hansjürg Hotz
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaston-Denis Guex
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Plötner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max von Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Dreuw
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max von Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Plötner J, Köhler F, Uzzell T, Beerli P, Schreiber R, Guex GD, Hotz H. Evolution of serum albumin intron-1 is shaped by a 5' truncated non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon in western Palearctic water frogs (Neobatrachia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 53:784-91. [PMID: 19665056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 5' truncated non-LTR CR1-like retrotransposon, named RanaCR1, was identified in the serum albumin intron-1 (SAI-1) of at least seven species of western Palearctic water frogs (WPWF). Based on sequence similarity of the carboxy-terminal region (CTR) of ORF2 and/or the highly conserved 3' untranslated region (3' UTR), RanaCR1-like elements occur also in the genome of Xenopus tropicalis and Rana temporaria. Unlike other CR1 elements, RanaCR1 contains a CA microsatellite in its 3' UTR. The low nucleotide diversity of the 3' UTR compared to the CTR and to SAI-1 suggests that this region still plays a role in WPWF, either as a structure-stabilizing element, or within a species-specific transcriptional network. Length variation of water frog SAI-1 sequences is caused by deletions that extend in some cases beyond the 5' or 3' ends of RanaCR1, probably a result of selection for structural and functional stability of the primary transcript. The impact of RanaCR1 on SAI-1 evolution is also indicated by the significant negative correlation between the length of both SAI-1 and RanaCR1 and the percentage GC content of RanaCR1. Both SAI-1 and RanaCR1 sequences support the sister group relationship of R. perezi and R. saharica, which are placed in the phylogenetic tree at a basal position, the sister clade to other water frog taxa. It also supports the monophyly of the R. lessonae group; of Anatolian water frogs (R. cf. bedriagae), which are not conspecific with R. bedriagae, and of the European ridibunda group. Within the ridibunda clade, Greek frogs are clearly separated, supporting the hypothesis that Balkan water frogs represent a distinct species. Frogs from Atyrau (Kazakhstan), the type locality of R. ridibunda, were heterozygous for a ridibunda and a cf. bedriagae specific allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions - und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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Plötner J. Genetic diversity in mitochondrial 12S rDNA of western Palearctic water frogs (Anura, Ranidae) and implications for their systematics. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1998.tb00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Plötner J, Becker C, Plötner K. Morphometric and DNA investigations into European water frogs (Rana kl. esculenta Synklepton (Anura, Ranidae)) from different population systems. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1994.tb00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Köhler F, Schultze KJ, Günther R, Plötner J. On the genetic diversity in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of Platymantis frogs from Western New Guinea (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Plötner J, Uzzell T, Beerli P, Spolsky C, Ohst T, Litvinchuk SN, Guex GD, Reyer HU, Hotz H. Widespread unidirectional transfer of mitochondrial DNA: a case in western Palaearctic water frogs. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:668-81. [PMID: 18373588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies transfer of mitochondrial (mt) DNA is a common phenomenon in plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, normally linked with hybridization of closely related species in zones of sympatry or parapatry. In central Europe, in an area north of 48 degrees N latitude and between 8 degrees and 22 degrees E longitude, western Palaearctic water frogs show massive unidirectional introgression of mtDNA: 33.7% of 407 Rana ridibunda possessed mtDNA specific for Rana lessonae. By contrast, no R. lessonae with R. ridibunda mtDNA was observed. That R. ridibunda with introgressed mitochondrial genomes were found exclusively within the range of the hybrid Rana esculenta and that most hybrids had lessonae mtDNA (90.4% of 335 individuals investigated) is evidence that R. esculenta serves as a vehicle for transfer of lessonae mtDNA into R. ridibunda. Such introgression has occurred several times independently. The abundance and wide distribution of individuals with introgressed mitochondrial genomes show that R. lessonae mt genomes work successfully in a R. ridibunda chromosomal background despite their high sequence divergence from R. ridibunda mtDNAs (14.2-15.2% in the ND2/ND3 genes). Greater effectiveness of enzymes encoded by R. lessonae mtDNA may be advantageous to individuals of R. ridibunda and probably R. esculenta in the northern parts of their ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ragghianti M, Bucci S, Marracci S, Casola C, Mancino G, Hotz H, Guex GD, Plötner J, Uzzell T. Gametogenesis of intergroup hybrids of hemiclonal frogs. Genet Res (Camb) 2007; 89:39-45. [PMID: 17517158 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672307008610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
European water frog hybrids Rana esculenta (R. ridibundaxR. lessonae) reproduce hemiclonally, by hybridogenesis: in the germ line they exclude the genome of one parental species and produce haploid gametes with an unrecombined genome of the other parental species. In the widespread L-E population system, both sexes of hybrids (E) coexist with R. lessonae (L). They exclude the lessonae genome and produce ridibunda gametes. In the R-E system, hybrid males coexist with R. ridibunda (R); they exclude either their ridibunda or their lessonae genome and produce sperm with a lessonae or with a ridibunda genome or a mixture of both kinds of sperm. We examined 13 male offspring, 12 of which were from crosses between L-E system and R-E system frogs. All were somatically hybrid. With one exception, they excluded the lessonae genome in the germ line and subsequently endoreduplicated the ridibunda genome. Spermatogonial metaphases contained a haploid or a diploid number of ridibunda chromosomes, identified through in situ hybridization to a satellite DNA marker, and by spermatocyte I metaphases containing a haploid number of ridibunda bivalents. The exception, an F1 hybrid between L-E system R. lessonae and R-E system R. ridibunda, was not hybridogenetic, showed no genome exclusion, and evidenced a disturbed gametogenesis resulting from the combination of two heterospecific genomes. None of the hybridogenetic hybrids showed any cell lines excluding the ridibunda genome, the pattern most frequent in hybrids of the R-E system, unique to that system, and essential for its persistence. A particular combination of R-E system lessonae and R-E system ridibunda genomes seems necessary to induce the R-E system type of hemiclonal gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Ragghianti
- Laboratori di Biologia cellulare e dello sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Carducci 13, 56010 Ghezzano, Pisa, Italy
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Gottschling M, Keupp H, Plötner J, Knop R, Willems H, Kirsch M. Phylogeny of calcareous dinoflagellates as inferred from ITS and ribosomal sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2005; 36:444-55. [PMID: 15964218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Revised: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of calcareous dinoflagellates (i.e., Calciodinellaceae and Thoracosphaera) are investigated. Molecular data from the ribosomal 5.8S rRNA and highly conserved motifs of the ITS1 show Calciodinellaceae s.l. to be monophyletic when few non-calcareous taxa are included. They segregate into three monophyletic assemblages in a molecular analysis that considers the 5.8S rRNA and both the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2: a clade comprising species of Ensiculifera and Pentapharsodinium (E/P-clade), Scrippsiella s.l. (including fossil-based taxa such as Calciodinellum and Calcigonellum), and a heterogeneous group (T/P-clade) of calcareous (e.g., Thoracosphaera) and non-calcareous taxa (e.g., the highly toxic Pfiesteria). The potential to produce calcareous structures is considered as apomorphic within alveolates, and non-calcareous taxa nesting with calcareous dinoflagellates may have reduced calcification secondarily. Molecular results do not contradict general evolutionary scenarios provided by previous morphological (mainly paleontological) investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gottschling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Geologische Wissenschaften-Fachrichtung Paläontologie, Malteserstrasse 74-100, D-122 49 Berlin, Germany.
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Gottschling M, Plötner J. Secondary structure models of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions and 5.8S rRNA in Calciodinelloideae (Peridiniaceae) and other dinoflagellates. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:307-15. [PMID: 14722225 PMCID: PMC373278 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary structure models of the 5.8S rRNA and both internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) are proposed for Calciodinelloideae (Peridiniaceae) and are also plausible for other dinoflagellates. The secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA corresponds to previously developed models, with two internal paired regions and at least one 5.8S rRNA-28S rRNA interaction. A general secondary structure model of ITS1 for Calciodinelloideae (and other dinoflagellates), consisting of an open multibranch loop with three major helices, is proposed. The homology of these paired regions with those found in other taxa, published in previous studies (e.g. yeast, green algae and Platyhelmithes) remains to be determined. Finally, a general secondary structure model of ITS2 for Calciodinelloideae (and other dinoflagellates) is reconstructed. Based on the 5.8S rRNA-28S rRNA interaction, it consists of a closed multibranch loop, with four major helices. At least helix III and IV have homology with paired regions found in other eukaryotic taxa (e.g. yeast, green algae and vertebrates). Since the secondary structures of both ITS regions are more conserved than the nucleotide sequences, their analysis helps in understanding molecular evolution and increases the number of structural characters. Thus, the structure models developed in this study may be generally useful for future phylogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gottschling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften-Fachrichtung Paläontologie, Malteserstrasse 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
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Plötner J, Scmeller D. Some remarks on current research on western Palearctic water frogs. ZOOSYST EVOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.4850770102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ohst T, Böhme W, Schreiber R, Plötner J. Divergence in mitochondrial DNA of Near Eastern water frogs with special reference to the systematic status of Cypriote and Anatolian populations (Anura, Ranidae). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2001. [DOI: 10.1163/15685380152770363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWater frogs from Anatolia, Syria, Jordan, and central Asia (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan) were compared on the basis of the complete mitochondrial (mt) ND3 gene (340 bp), two flanking mt t-RNA gene fragments (26 bp), and a 374 bp fragment of the mt 12S rRNA gene. A total of 27 haplotypes were found among the investigated individuals. Anatolian water frogs differed from Syrian and Jordanian Rana bedriagae by 2.2-3.4% of the analysed sites. The observed divergence (2.8-4.1%) between the Cypriote water frogs and frogs from the surrounding mainland (southern Turkey, west Syria) was in the same range as between R. bedriagae and European R. ridibunda (3.1-3.9%). These results suggest that neither the Cypriote nor the Anatolian water frogs represent R. bedriagae. Furthermore, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining trees showed a clear subdivision of Asian water frogs into three Anatolian lineages, two central Asian lineages, a Cypriote lineage and the bedriagae lineage. In all trees the Cypriote lineage branches off first and a clade formed by two Anatolian lineages is placed as the sister group of water frogs from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, whereas the phylogenetic positions of R. bedriagae, the Ceyhan lineage, the Kazakhstan lineage and R. ridibunda remain unclear.
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Plötner J, Ohst T. New hypotheses on the systematics of the western Palearctic water frog complex (Anura, Ranidae). ZOOSYST EVOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.4850770103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Plötner J, Günther R, Schade R. Immunologische Untersuchungen zur Verwandtschaft zwischen den mitteleuropäischen Wasserfröschen desRana kl.esculenta Synkleptons (Amphibia, Anura) und anderen Anuren-Taxa. ZOOSYST EVOL 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.4830640209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Plötner J, Plötner A, Eulenberger K. [Experimental studies of the chemical stimulation of uterus involution in the early puerperium of cattle]. Arch Exp Veterinarmed 1984; 38:133-41. [PMID: 6742959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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