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Doležálková-Kaštánková M, Pruvost NBM, Plötner J, Reyer HU, Janko K, Choleva L. All-male hybrids of a tetrapod Pelophylax esculentus share its origin and genetics of maintenance. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29609661 PMCID: PMC5880063 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual parasites offer unique insights into the reproduction of unisexual and sexual populations. Because unisexuality is almost exclusively linked to the female sex, most studies addressed host-parasite dynamics in populations where sperm-dependent females dominate. Pelophylax water frogs from Central Europe include hybrids of both sexes, collectively named P. esculentus. They live syntopically with their parental species P. lessonae and/or P. ridibundus. Some hybrid lineages consist of all males providing a chance to understand the origin and perpetuation of a host-parasite (egg-dependent) system compared to sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. Methods We focused on P. ridibundus-P. esculentus populations where P. ridibundus of both sexes lives together with only diploid P. esculentus males. Based on 17 microsatellite markers and six allozyme loci, we analyzed (i) the variability of individual genomes, (ii) the reproductive mode(s) of all-male hybrids, and (iii) the genealogical relationships between the hybrid and parental genomes. Results Our microsatellite data revealed that P. esculentus males bear Mendelian-inherited ridibundus genomes while the lessonae genome represents a single clone. Our data indicate that this clone did not recently originate from adjacent P. lessonae populations, suggesting an older in situ or ex situ origin. Conclusions Our results confirm that also males can perpetuate over many generations as the unisexual lineage and successfully compete with P. ridibundus males for eggs provided by P. ridibundus females. Natural persistence of such sex-specific hybrid populations allows to studying the similarities and differences between male and female reproductive parasitism in many biological settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0172-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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Hoffmann A, Plötner J, Pruvost NBM, Christiansen DG, Röthlisberger S, Choleva L, Mikulíček P, Cogălniceanu D, Sas-Kovács I, Shabanov D, Morozov-Leonov S, Reyer HU. Genetic diversity and distribution patterns of diploid and polyploid hybrid water frog populations (Pelophylax esculentus complex) across Europe. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4371-91. [PMID: 26308154 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a rare yet sometimes successful way for animals to rapidly create geno- and phenotypes that may colonize new habitats and quickly adapt to environmental changes. In this study, we use water frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex, comprising two species (Pelophylax lessonae, genotype LL; Pelophylax ridibundus, RR) and various diploid (LR) and triploid (LLR, LRR) hybrid forms, summarized as P. esculentus, as a model for studying recent hybridization and polyploidization in the context of speciation. Specifically, we compared the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of diploid and triploid hybrids across Europe to understand their origin, maintenance and potential role in hybrid speciation. We found that different hybrid and parental genotypes are not evenly distributed across Europe. Rather, their genetic diversity is structured by latitude and longitude and the presence/absence of parental species but not of triploids. Highest genetic diversity was observed in central and eastern Europe, the lowest in the northwestern parts of Europe. This gradient can be explained by the decrease in genetic diversity during postglacial expansion from southeastern glacial refuge areas. Genealogical relationships calculated on the basis of microsatellite data clearly indicate that hybrids are of multiple origin and include a huge variety of parental genomes. Water frogs in mixed-ploidy populations without any parental species (i.e. all-hybrid populations) can be viewed as evolutionary units that may be on their way towards hybrid speciation. Maintenance of such all-hybrid populations requires a continuous exchange of genomes between diploids and triploids, but scenarios for alternative evolutionary trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hoffmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ditte G Christiansen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Röthlisberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Rumburská 89, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-1, Bratislava, SK-84215, Slovak Republic
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, University Ovidius Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, corp B, Constanţa, Romania
| | - István Sas-Kovács
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii str. 1, Oradea, 410087, Romania
| | - Dmitry Shabanov
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq 4, Kharkiv, 62077, Ukraine
| | - Svyatoslav Morozov-Leonov
- Department of Evolutionary Genetic Basics of Systematics, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, B. Khmelnitskogo st., 15 Kyiv-30, Kyiv, MSP UA-01601, Ukraine
| | - Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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Pruvost NBM, Mikulíček P, Choleva L, Reyer HU. Contrasting reproductive strategies of triploid hybrid males in vertebrate mating systems. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:189-204. [PMID: 25411907 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of parthenogenetic vertebrates is often attributed to their 'inferior' mode of clonal reproduction, which restricts them to self-reproduce their own genotype lineage and leaves little evolutionary potential with regard to speciation and evolution of sexual reproduction. Here, we show that for some taxa, such uniformity does not hold. Using hybridogenetic water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus) as a model system, we demonstrate that triploid hybrid males from two geographic regions exhibit very different reproductive modes. With an integrative data set combining field studies, crossing experiments, flow cytometry and microsatellite analyses, we found that triploid hybrids from Central Europe are rare, occur in male sex only and form diploid gametes of a single clonal lineage. In contrast, triploid hybrids from north-western Europe are widespread, occur in both sexes and produce recombined haploid gametes. These differences translate into contrasting reproductive roles between regions. In Central Europe, triploid hybrid males sexually parasitize diploid hybrids and just perpetuate their own genotype--which is the usual pattern in parthenogens. In north-western Europe, on the other hand, the triploid males are gamete donors for diploid hybrids, thereby stabilizing the mixed 2n-3n hybrid populations. By demonstrating these contrasting roles in male reproduction, we draw attention to a new significant evolutionary potential for animals with nonsexual reproduction, namely reproductive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mikulíček P, Kautman M, Kautman J, Pruvost NBM. Mode of hybridogenesis and habitat preferences influence population composition of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus
complex, Anura: Ranidae) in a region of sympatric occurrence (western Slovakia). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Kautman
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kautman
- Slovak National Museum; Museum of Natural History; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Nicolas B. M. Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Pruvost NBM, Hoffmann A, Reyer HU. Gamete production patterns, ploidy, and population genetics reveal evolutionary significant units in hybrid water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2933-46. [PMID: 24101984 PMCID: PMC3790541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The European water frog Pelophylax esculentus is a natural hybrid between P. lessonae (genotype LL) and P. ridibundus (RR). It reproduces through hybridogenesis, eliminating one parental genome from its germline and producing gametes containing the genome of the other parental species. According to previous studies, this elimination and transmission pattern is very diverse. In mixed populations, where only diploid hybrids (LR) live in sympatry and mate with one or both parental species, the excluded genome varies among regions, and the remaining genome is transmitted clonally to haploid gametes. In all-hybrid populations consisting of diploid (LR) and triploid (LLR and/or LRR) frogs, diploid individuals also produce gametes clonally (1n in males, 2n in females), whereas triploids eliminate the genome they have in single copy and produce haploid gametes containing the recombined other genome. However, here, too, regional differences seem to exist, and some triploids have been reported to produce diploid gametes. In order to systematically study such regional and genotype differences in gamete production, their potential origin, and their consequences for the breeding system, we sampled frogs from five populations in three European countries, performed crossing experiments, and investigated the genetic variation through microsatellite analysis. For four populations, one in Poland, two in Germany, and one in Slovakia, our results confirmed the elimination and transmission pattern described above. In one Slovakian population, however, we found a totally different pattern. Here, triploid males (LLR) produce sperm with a clonally transmitted diploid LL genome, rather than a haploid recombined L genome, and LR females clonally produce haploid R eggs, rather than diploid LR eggs. These differences among the populations in gamete production go along with differences in genomotype composition, breeding system (i.e., the way triploids are produced), and genetic variation. These differences are strong evidence for a polyphyletic origin of triploids. Moreover, our findings shed light on the evolutionary potential inherent to the P. esculentus complex, where rare events due to untypical gametogenetic processes can lead to the raise, the perpetuation, and the dispersion of new evolutionary significant lineages which may also deserve special conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Stöhr AC, Hoffmann A, Papp T, Robert N, Pruvost NBM, Reyer HU, Marschang RE. Long-term study of an infection with ranaviruses in a group of edible frogs (Pelophylax kl. esculentus) and partial characterization of two viruses based on four genomic regions. Vet J 2013; 197:238-44. [PMID: 23535222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several edible frogs (Pelophylax kl. esculentus) collected into a single group from various ponds in Europe died suddenly with reddening of the skin (legs, abdomen) and haemorrhages in the gastrointestinal tract. Ranavirus was detected in some of the dead frogs using PCR, and virus was also isolated in cell culture. Over the following 3 years, another two outbreaks occurred with low to high mortality in between asymptomatic periods. In the first 2 years, the same ranavirus was detected repeatedly, but a new ranavirus was isolated in association with the second mass-mortality event. The two different ranaviruses were characterized based on nucleotide sequences from four genomic regions, namely, major capsid protein, DNA polymerase, ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase alpha and beta subunit genes. The sequences showed slight variations to each other or GenBank entries and both clustered to the Rana esculenta virus (REV-like) clade in the phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, a quiescent infection was demonstrated in two individuals. By comparing samples taken before and after transport and caging in groups it was possible to identify the pond of origin and a ranavirus was detected for the first time in wild amphibians in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Stöhr
- Fachgebiet für Umwelt- und Tierhygiene, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Pruvost NBM, Hollinger D, Reyer H. Genotype‐temperature interactions on larval performance shape population structure in hybridogenetic water frogs (Pelophylax esculentuscomplex). Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas B. M. Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hollinger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Heinz‐Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Hotz H, Beerli P, Uzzell T, Guex GD, Pruvost NBM, Schreiber R, Plötner J. Balancing a cline by influx of migrants: a genetic transition in water frogs of eastern Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 104:57-71. [PMID: 23125403 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Variation patterns of allozymes and of ND3 haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA reveal a zone of genetic transition among western Palearctic water frogs extending across northeastern Greece and European Turkey. At the western end of the zone, allozymes characteristic of Central European frogs known as Pelophylax ridibundus predominate, whereas at the eastern end, alleles characteristic of western Anatolian water frogs (P. cf. bedriagae) prevail. The ND3 haplotypes reveal 2 major clades, 1 characteristic of Anatolian frogs, the other of European; the European clade itself has distinct eastern and western subclades. Both the 2 major clades and the 2 subclades overlap within the transition zone. Using Bayesian model selection methods, allozyme data suggest considerable immigration into the Nestos River area from eastern and western populations. In contrast, the ND3 data suggest that migration rates are so high among all locations that they form a single panmictic unit; the best model for allozymes is second best for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Nuclear markers (allozymes), which have roughly 4 times as deep a coalescent history as mtDNA data and thus may reflect patterns over a longer time, indicate that eastern and western refugial populations have expanded since deglaciation (in the last 10,000 years) and have met near the Nestos River, whereas the mtDNA with its smaller effective population size has already lost the signal of partitioning into refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjürg Hotz
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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