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Alghazzawi TF. The effects of monomer type, filler size, and filler content of three resin cements on the color stability of laminate veneers exposed to accelerated aging. Dent Mater 2024; 40:e23-e30. [PMID: 38902146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Commercially available resin cements consist of various filler sizes, filler content and monomers, and it is unclear which of these factors have the greatest effect on the color stability of laminate veneers. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the color stability of lithium disilicate-reinforced laminate veneers inserted with three commercial resin cements with various filler sizes/contents and monomers upon accelerated aging. METHODS Veneers were fabricated and cemented on resin abutments using three commercially available resin cements comprised of two different monomers and varying filler sizes/contents: 1) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA (RelyX™ Veneer = 0.6 µm/66 %, Calibra® Esthetic Light Cure =1.2 µm/65 %); and 2) urethane dimethacrylate, UDMA (Variolink Esthetic LC = 0.1 µm/38 %). A total of 60 specimens were fabricated (n = 20 for each cement). The relative number of particles (N) and relative surface area (A) were calculated for each filler size/content. Color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) were measured, and color change (ΔE00) was calculated after cementation and following aging at 150, 300, 450, and 600 h using xenon light. Differences in color coordinates and color change were determined using repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = .05). A post-hoc power analysis was performed to confirm reliability of the results. RESULTS Based on a post-hoc power analysis of a repeated measures ANOVA with two between-factors and 1 within-factor, we had 89 % power to detect a difference of effect by cement type, 10 % power to detect a difference by shade, and 100 % power to detect a difference of effect by aging. The UDMA-based cement (0.1 µm/38 %) was least affected by aging, despite having the largest number of particles (N = 1010) and largest particle surface area (A = 7.02). The TEGDMA-based cements exhibited a significant color change, with 0.6 µm/66 % (A = 2.03, N = 8.12) producing a larger ΔE00 than 1.2 µm/65 % (A = 1.00, N = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Among the commercial cements tested, UDMA-based resin (0.1 µm/38 %) provided better color stability than TEGDMA-based resin cements. The color change after aging was affected by the relative surface area and relative number of particles for the TEGDMA-based resin cement (0.6 µm/66 % and 1.2 µm/65 %), with a larger surface area and a higher relative number of particles, accelerated color change with aging. The present study demonstrates a novel approach to determine color stability for any resin cement with particulate filler. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The dental practitioner should be selective in choosing a commercial light cure cementation product for laminate veneers, as UDMA containing resin cement is more resistant to color changes over time than TEGDMA, regardless of the filler size/content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq F Alghazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Sahrir CD, Ruslin M, Lee SY, Lin WC. Effect of various post-curing light intensities, times, and energy levels on the color of 3D-printed resin crowns. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:357-363. [PMID: 38303871 PMCID: PMC10829711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Current 3D-printing technology has been widely used for creating dental resin restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light intensity, time, and energy post-curing on the surface color of 3D-printed resin crowns. However, the influences of post-curing parameters on the restoration after printing still need to be explored. Therefore, this project investigates the effect of post-cure conditions on resin color. Materials and methods Specimens from single-crown (SC) and pontic (PO) specimens underwent post-curing at various light intensities (105, 210, 420, 630, and 860 mW/cm2) for 5, 10, and 15 min. Specimens were observed at three predetermined points and measured using a commercial spectrophotometer that utilizes the CIE Lab∗ color space. Subsequently, samples were analyzed for color differences (ΔE). Results ΔE color differences in evaluated samples were influenced by the light intensity, time, and energy post-curing. SC samples showed a significant color difference (P < 0.05), with the lowest value at 5 min of 16 (860 mW/cm2), while 10 and 15 min had a difference of 4 (210 mW/cm2). PO samples exhibited a significant decrease in the color difference (P < 0.05) at 5 and 10 min of 16 (860 mW/cm2), and at 15 min of 12 (630 mW/cm2). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that exposing a resin crown to a high light intensity results in color stability and allows shorter post-curing times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi Sahrir
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Ruslin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Meer Rownaq Ali AB. Conventional Versus Minimally Invasive Veneers: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44638. [PMID: 37799216 PMCID: PMC10548404 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze a collection of studies focused on comparing conventional veneers (CVs) and minimal or no-preparation veneers (MPVs) within the domain of prosthodontics. The review sought to explore various attributes, techniques, outcomes, and considerations associated with these two approaches. The key aspects investigated included esthetics, longevity, periodontal health, patient satisfaction, structural influences such as microleakage and marginal fit, cement thickness, and color stability. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the present date. Studies meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for review. Studies pertaining to various methodologies were identified initially as part of the strategy and bias assessment was performed to determine the credibility of their assessments before inclusion in this review. Four comparative assessments gleaned from the selected studies provided a comprehensive overview of the strengths and limitations associated with CVs and MPVs. MPVs demonstrated advantages such as enhanced survival rates and extended mean success periods, implying their potential as viable long-term restorative options. Meticulous patient management and optimal preparation techniques emerged as crucial factors influencing successful outcomes. Structural attributes, including microleakage and marginal fit, varied depending on the preparation techniques employed. Moreover, considerations related to color changes in veneers underscored the intricate interplay between material properties and fabrication methods. The insights underscore the significance of patient-centric care, precision preparation methodologies, and material choices in guiding successful outcomes. However, the diverse methodologies and constraints of certain studies warrant careful interpretation. This study accentuates the potential for future research directions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the advancement of evidence-based practices within veneer dentistry.
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Karaokutan I, Aykent F, Özdoğan MS. Comparison of the Color Change of Porcelain Laminate Veneers Produced by Different Materials After Luting with Three Resin Cements. Oper Dent 2023; 48:166-175. [PMID: 36656333 DOI: 10.2341/21-099-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare color change of porcelain laminate veneers fabricated with two lithium disilicate ceramics and a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic material after luting with conventional dual-cure, amine-free dual-cure, or light-cure resin cements using artificial accelerated aging (AAA). METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety noncarious human maxillary central incisors were embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks to prepare conventional laminate veneers with incisal coverage. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30) to fabricate laminate veneer restorations using: (1) lithium disilicate ceramic, (2) lithium disilicate ceramic with high-density micronization, and (3) zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Impressions of the preparations were taken with a laboratory scanner. Acquired 3D images were processed into a surface tessellation language file. Data were exported for 3D printing on a printer, and laminate veneers were printed in castable wax resin. Ceramic veneers were heat-pressed after investment according to the manufacturer's recommendations and further divided into three groups (n=10) according to luting cement type: (1) light-cure resin cement, (2) amine-free dual-cure resin cement, and (3) conventional dual-cure resin cement. Color measurements were performed from the middle of each specimen with a spectrophotometer before and after AAA for 300 hours with a total energy of 150 kJ/m2. Color changes were calculated with the CIEDE 2000 (ΔE00) formula. Color differences were assessed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α=0.05), and the paired t-test was used to compare the L*, a*, and b* parameters in each group before and after aging. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the ceramic groups (p>0.05). The color changes of the materials ranged from 2.26 to 3.13. All materials were above the clinically acceptable limit (ΔE00>1.8). The conventional dual-cure resin cement group showed more color change (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Color changes were observed in all porcelain laminate veneers after artificial accelerated aging. The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate veneers showed similar color changes as lithium disilicate veneers; the amine-free dual-cure resin cement showed a similar color change as light-cure resin cement after aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Karaokutan
- *Isil Karaokutan, PhD, DDS, MSc, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - F Aykent
- Filiz Aykent, PhD, DDS, MSc, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M S Özdoğan
- Mahmut Sertaç Özdoğan, PhD, DDS, MSc, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yazkan B, Yilmaz E, Yenidünya ÖG, Akgül N. Effects of different toothpastes on the color and whiteness of stained anterior composite resin. J Oral Sci 2023; 65:246-250. [PMID: 37778985 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate changes in the color of an anterior nanohybrid composite resin and differences in its whitening index after 30 days of brushing with six brands of whitening toothpaste in vitro to simulate the situation in individuals with high coffee consumption. METHODS Eighty-four disk-shaped resin specimens were prepared (shade A2). For initial staining, the samples were immersed in coffee solution for 14 days and then divided into eight groups for treatment with various toothpastes. Color was assessed at the baseline, after initial staining, and on days 7, 14, and 30 of the staining-and-brushing cycle. Color stability was evaluated based on the CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00), and differences in whiteness were determined using the whitening index for dentistry (WID). RESULTS The highest ΔE00 and ΔWID values were obtained with Colgate Herbal, followed by Opalescence Whitening and Crest Baking Soda and Peroxide, whereas the lowest values were obtained with distilled water, followed by Yotuel Pharma B5, on day 30 of the staining-and-brushing cycle. CONCLUSION In terms of improving the color and whiteness of coffee-stained anterior nanohybrid composite resin, Colgate Herbal, Opalescence Whitening, and Crest Baking Soda and Peroxide yielded promising results after 30 days of continuous use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Yazkan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University
| | - Ebru Yilmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University
| | | | - Nilgün Akgül
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University
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Elkhishen EA, Al-Zordk W, Hassouna M, Elsherbini A, Sakrana AA. Effect of ceramic and resin cement type on color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers for diastema closure: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22082. [PMID: 36543821 PMCID: PMC9772217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of resin cements on the color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers used for diastema closure. Sixty resin abutments were prepared for ceramic laminate veneers and divided into six groups according to the ceramic type (lithium disilicate, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, and translucent zirconia) and the cement type (Variolink Esthetic LC and RelyX Veneer). Color coordinates and translucency were analyzed after cementation and after soaking in the coffee solution. Differences in color and translucency were estimated, and results were statistically assessed (α = 0.05). Ceramic materials showed a significant impact on color changes after soaking in coffee within Variolink Esthetic groups. Translucent zirconia showed the highest color change, followed by zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate. Ceramic materials showed a significant impact among the RelyX Veneer groups. A significant interaction in color changes was found between ceramic types and cement types after cementation, and after soaking in coffee was found. All groups showed a clinically acceptable difference in translucency parameters after soaking in coffee. The resin cement affects the color and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers used for diastema closure, and ceramic laminate veneers bonded with Variolink Esthetic LC resin cement are more translucent, while ceramic laminate veneers bonded with RelyX Veneer resin are more resistant to coffee staining. The lithium disilicate laminate veneer is more resistant to coffee staining than zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and translucent zirconia laminate veneers used for diastema closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Adel Elkhishen
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walid Al-Zordk
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura, Egypt ,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Horus University, Faculty of Dentistry, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mahy Hassouna
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amal Abdelsamad Sakrana
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura, Egypt ,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Horus University, Faculty of Dentistry, New Damietta, Egypt
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Celik N, Iscan Yapar M. Colour stability of stained composite resins after brushing with whitening toothpaste. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:413-420. [PMID: 34101339 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brushing with whitening toothpaste on the colour change of composite resins discoloured with coffee. METHODS Disc-shaped samples were prepared using one nano-hybrid (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic), one micro-hybrid (GC G-aenial Anterior) and one nano-ceramic composite (Zenit) (n = 6). After initial colour measurements, the samples were coloured in the coffee solution for 5 days. Colour measurements were made again after the colouring process, and brushing simulation was applied for 7, 15 and 30 days with two different whitening toothpastes containing calcium carbonate+perlite (Signal whitening system, SWN) and hydrated silica+hydrogen peroxide (Colgate optic White, COW) and a conventional non-whitening toothpaste containing hydrated silica (Sensodyne pronamel, SPN). Colour change (∆E00 ) after brushing was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system. Repeated measures variance analysis was used for the analysis of data. RESULTS G-aenial anterior and Zenit showed significant coloration compared to Majesty esthetic after coloration with coffee (p < 0.05). The colour change in all composite resins was above the clinically acceptable limit (ΔE00 > 1.8). Colour change over time after brushing with both whitening toothpastes differed significantly (p < 0.05). SWN and COW exhibited a significantly higher whitening effect than SPN (p < 0.05). While there was no significant difference in composite groups brushed with the SWS (p > 0.05), there was a significant difference between Majesty esthetic, G-aenial anterior and Zenit in groups brushed with COW (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Colour change was high in micro-hybrid and nano-ceramic composites which were discoloured in coffee. The whitening toothpastes were effective in reducing the coloration caused by coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Celik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Merve Iscan Yapar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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