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Kropfeld J, Berger L, Adler W, Schulz KL, Motel C, Wichmann M, Matta RE. Impact of Scanbody Geometry and CAD Software on Determining 3D Implant Position. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 38668006 PMCID: PMC11049057 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of CAD software in the digital production of implant prosthetics stands as a pivotal aspect of clinical dentistry, necessitating high precision in the alignment of implant scanbodies. This study investigates the influence of scanbody geometry and the method of superimposing in CAD software when determining 3D implant position. A standardized titanium model with three bone-level implants was digitized to create reference STL files, and 10 intraoral scans were performed on Medentika and NT-Trading scanbodies. To determine implant position, the generated STL files were imported into the Exocad CAD software and superimposed-automatically and manually-with the scanbody geometries stored within the software's shape library. Position accuracy was determined by a comparison of the 3D-defined scanbody points from the STL matching files with those from the reference STL files. The R statistical software was used for the evaluation of the data. In addition, mixed linear models and a significance level of 0.05 were applied to calculate the p-values. The manual overlay method was significantly more accurate than the automatic overlays for both scanbody types. The Medentika scanbodies showed slightly superior precision compared to the NT-Trading scanbodies. Both scanbody geometry and the type of alignment in the CAD software significantly affect digital workflow accuracy. Manual verification and adjustment of the automatic alignment process are essential for precise implant positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kropfeld
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (L.B.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Lara Berger
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (L.B.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Werner Adler
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMBE) of the Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Waldstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Katja Leonie Schulz
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Constantin Motel
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (L.B.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Manfred Wichmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (L.B.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Ragai Edward Matta
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (L.B.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
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Ramadan RE, Razek MKA, Mohamed FS, Fahmy RA, Abd-Ellah ME. Single posterior implant-supported restorations fabricated using a scannable healing abutment versus a conventional scan body: A randomized controlled trial. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00198-7. [PMID: 38555270 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The use of a scannable healing abutment is a convenient option for fabricating implant-supported restorations (ISRs) with a digital workflow; however, clinical studies evaluating prosthetic efficacy are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the prosthetic efficacy of definitive posterior single ISRs fabricated after scanning using a scannable healing abutment-scan peg (SHA-SP) in comparison with a conventional scan body (CSB). The time for data acquisition, quality of proximal and occlusal contacts, and relative occlusal force of ISRs were measured. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four participants eligible for single ISRs to replace the mandibular first molar with adjacent and antagonist teeth present were randomly allocated to either a study group (n=12) receiving ISRs after intraoral scanning using an SHA-SP or a control group (n=12) receiving ISRs after intraoral scanning using CSB. During the surgical procedure, a prefabricated contoured scannable healing abutment was screwed to the implant in the SHA-SP group, while a custom-made healing abutment was used in the CSB group. After a healing period of 3 months, an intraoral scan was made, and the duration of data acquisition was recorded. The ISRs were milled from zirconia and evaluated for the quality of proximal and occlusal contacts using dental floss and shim stock, respectively. The relative occlusal forces of the ISRs and their contralateral natural teeth were measured using a digital occlusal analyzer. Statistical analysis was done using an independent sample t test for quantitative variables and a Pearson chi-squared test for qualitative variables between the tested groups (α=.05). RESULTS The direct digital workflow using SHA-SP was statistically less time consuming than the CSB (P<.001). The 2 groups were statistically similar regarding the quality of the proximal contacts (P=.281) or occlusal contacts (P=.307) and the relative occlusal forces of ISRs (P=.315). The relative occlusal forces of the ISRs in both groups were significantly lower than those of their contralateral natural teeth (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Direct digital workflow using SHA-SP was more rapid, saving clinical chairside time, and produced proximal and occlusal contacts of comparable quality with those obtained with CSB. The relative occlusal forces of ISRs in both workflows were lower than their contralateral natural teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania E Ramadan
- Assistant Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | - Faten S Mohamed
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania A Fahmy
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat E Abd-Ellah
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Alonso Pérez-Barquero J, García-Sala Bonmatí F, de Fernández Estevan L, Guinot Barona C, Maneiro Lojo J, Revilla-León M. Virtual implant scan body switch by using computer-aided design programs avoiding the need of obtaining a new intraoral implant digital scan: A novel protocol. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:278-283. [PMID: 37681471 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present manuscript describes a technique to virtually switch an implant scan body eliminating the need of obtaining a new intraoral implant digital scan. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS Implant scan bodies assist on transferring the 3-dimensional position of the implants into the virtual definitive implant cast. However, if a different implant part is desired during the designing procedures of the implant restoration such as selecting a different implant abutment of varying height, angulation, or manufacturer, a new intraoral implant digital scan with the specific implant scan body is required. CONCLUSIONS This novel protocol aims to reduce possible complications that require capturing a new intraoral implant digital scan, facilitate prostheses design modifications after the obtention of the definitive intraoral implant digital scan, and to ease the manufacturing procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel technique may provide a solution for virtually switch implant scan bodies for fabricating implant-supported single crowns or short-span prostheses. Additional studies are needed before its clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucía de Fernández Estevan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Guinot Barona
- Department of Dental Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Maneiro Lojo
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Faculty and Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mangano FG, Cianci D, Pranno N, Lerner H, Zarone F, Admakin O. Trueness, precision, time-efficiency and cost analysis of chairside additive and subtractive versus lab-based workflows for manufacturing single crowns: An in vitro study. J Dent 2024; 141:104792. [PMID: 38013004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the trueness, precision, time efficiency, and cost of three different workflows for manufacturing single crowns (SCs). METHODS A plaster model with a prepared tooth (#15) was scanned with an industrial scanner, and an SC was designed in computer-assisted-design (CAD) software. Ten SCs were printed with a hybrid composite (additive chairside) and a stereolithographic (SLA) printer (Dfab®), 10 SCs were milled in lithium disilicate (subtractive chairside) using a chairside milling unit (inLab MC XL®), and 10 SCs were milled in zirconia (lab-based) using a five-axis laboratory machine (DWX-52D®). All SCs were scanned with the same scanner after polymerization/sinterization. Each scan was superimposed to the marginal area of the original CAD file to evaluate trueness: absolute average (ABS AVG), root mean square (RMS), and (90˚-10˚)/2 percentile were calculated for each group. Marginal adaptation and quality of the occlusal and interproximal contact points were also investigated by two prosthodontists on 3D printed and plaster models. Finally, the three workflows' time efficiency and costs were evaluated. RESULTS Additive chairside and subtractive lab-based SCs had significantly better marginal trueness than subtractive chairside SCs in all three parameters (ABS AVG, p < 0.01; RMS, p < 0.01; [90˚-10˚]/2, p < 0.01). However, the two prosthodontists found no significant differences between the three manufacturing procedures in the quality of the marginal closure (p = 0.186), interproximal (p = 0.319), and occlusal contacts (p = 0.218). Both time efficiency and cost show a trend favoring the chairside additive workflow. CONCLUSIONS Chairside additive technology seems to represent a valid alternative for manufacturing definitive SCs, given the high marginal trueness, precision, workflow efficiency and low costs. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE Additive chairside manufacturing of definitive hybrid composite SCs is now possible and shows high accuracy, time efficiency, and competitive cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guido Mangano
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Nicola Pranno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Henriette Lerner
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fernando Zarone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Oleg Admakin
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Pachiou A, Zervou E, Tsirogiannis P, Sykaras N, Tortopidis D, Kourtis S. Characteristics of intraoral scan bodies and their influence on impression accuracy: A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:1205-1217. [PMID: 37381677 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of the characteristics of intraoral scan bodies (ISBs) on the accuracy of intraoral scanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted through PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Cochrane Library, up to March 2023. The literature search intended to retrieve all relevant clinical and in vitro studies about the effect that the various properties of ISBs may have on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral scanning. Only publications in English language were selected with animal studies, case reports, case series, technique presentation articles and expert opinions being excluded. RESULTS A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. They were published between 2019 and 2023 and were all in vitro studies. Among the parameters described, the scan body material, position, geometry, height, diameter, and fixation torque were evaluated. The most common materials used for ISBs were polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium alloys. The diameter and position of ISBs seemed to affect the trueness of implant impressions. Subgingival implant position and decreased ISB height affected negatively the trueness of scanning. Geometrical characteristics of ISBs also affect the implant impression accuracy, especially the bevel location and the types of designing modifications. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of the currently used ISBs vary widely and the available scientific evidence is not yet conclusive about the optimal design of ISB. The implant impression accuracy achieved by any of the studied parameters is encouraging. Clinical studies are however necessary for more concrete conclusions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ISBs play a vital role in the digital workflow and influence significantly the accuracy and fit of implant restorations. More clinical trials are needed in order to conclude to the optimal characteristics of ISBs which would further enhance the success of the restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Pachiou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zervou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsirogiannis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikitas Sykaras
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tortopidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kourtis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abdelaziz MS, Ayad MW, Tella EAESAEM. Fabrication of a reverse-engineered custom scan body as a digital solution for recording implant position: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00635-2. [PMID: 37891041 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
A technique for the reverse engineering of the implant-abutment connection to fabricate a custom scan body is described. The implant-abutment connection was designed using the exocad software program, the scan body with screw channel was designed with the Blender software program, and the file was either 3-dimensionally printed in definitive tooth-colored resin with ceramic filler material or milled in polyetheretherketone (PEEK). This technique offers an accurate, cost-effective digital solution for implant optical scanning that can replace prefabricated scan bodies that may not be available for all implants. (J Prosthet Dent xxxx;xxx:xxx-xxx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Sameh Abdelaziz
- Assistant Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Wael Ayad
- Specialist, Oral and Maxillofacial, Dental College, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
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Ramadan RE, Razek MKA, Mohamed FS, Fahmy RA, Abd-Ellah ME. Positional transfer accuracy of titanium base implant abutment provided by two different scan body designs: an invitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:746. [PMID: 37821890 PMCID: PMC10568787 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variabilities in design and material of scan bodies have a major role in the positional transfer accuracy of implants. The purpose of this invitro study was to compare the 3D transfer accuracy (trueness and precision) of titanium base (TB) abutment position provided by 2 different scan bodies: one-piece scan body (SB) in comparison to two-piece healing abutment and scan peg (HA-SP). METHODS A maxillary model with a dummy implant in the 2nd premolar (Proactive Tapered Implant; Neoss) was 3D printed and TB (Ti Neolink Mono; Neoss) was tightened on the implant and scanned by using a laboratory scanner (inEos X5; Dentsply Sirona) (reference scan). An SB (Elos Medtech) and an HA-SP (Neoss) were subsequently connected to the implant and were scanned 10 times each by using the same scanner (test scans). All the scans were exported as STL files and imported into CAD software where the TBs were formed. Test scans were superimposed on reference scans for transfer accuracy analysis using 3D metrology software (GOM Inspect; GOM GmbH) in terms of angular deviation in vertical and horizontal directions, linear deviation in each XYZ axis of TBs and total linear deviation in all axes. Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t test. When Levene's test for equality of variances was significant, Welch's t-test was used. (P value < 0.05) RESULTS: Significant differences were found amongst the tested groups in both angular and linear deviation in terms of trueness with less deviation values for the SB group (P < 0.001). For the precision, significant differences were found amongst the tested groups in angular deviation in vertical direction with less deviation value for the SB group compared to HA-SP group (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the tested groups regarding the angular deviation in horizontal direction (P = 1.000). Moreover, significant differences were found amongst the tested groups in linear deviations with less linear deviations in XYZ axes for SB compared to HA-SP group (P = 0.020, < 0.001, = 0.010 respectively). CONCLUSIONS SB showed less angular and linear deviation values in the 3D positional transfer of TB than HA-SP indicating higher degree of accuracy of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania E Ramadan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | - Faten S Mohamed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania A Fahmy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat E Abd-Ellah
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Petchmedyai P, Thanasrisuebwong P. Optimizing digital implant impressions: Evaluating the significance of scan body image deficiency and alignment under varied scan body exposures. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291831. [PMID: 37733766 PMCID: PMC10513296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In implant dentistry, the advent of intraoral scanning technology has revolutionized traditional clinical processes by streamlining procedures and ensuring predictable treatment outcomes. However, achieving accurate virtual implant positions using intraoral scanners and scan bodies can be influenced by various clinical and laboratory factors. This study aims to investigate the impact of scan body image capture deficiency and scan body alignment methods in computer-aided design (CAD) software on the accuracy of virtual implant positions, particularly in different implant depths. Three stereolithographic half-arch implant models with different implant depths were prepared, representing three scenarios of scan body exposure: full exposed scan body, 2/3 exposed scan body, and 1/3 exposed scan body. The scan body image capture deficiency and alignment methods were simulated using CAD software. The deviation of virtual implant positions obtained from different scenarios were evaluated using 3D analysis software. The highest angular and linear deviation (0.237±0.059 degrees, 0.084±0.068 mm) were found in the 1/4 upper and lower part scan body deficiency using the 1-point alignment method in the 1/3 exposed scan body. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant effects of scan deficiency on virtual implant position deviations across all scan body exposures, except for the linear deviation when the scan body was exposed 2/3 of its length. Furthermore, scan deficiencies in the 1/4 upper and lower parts of the scan body significantly affected implant angular deviation regardless of scan body exposure, while implant linear deviation was specifically affected when the scan body was exposed to only 1/3 of its total length. Deficiencies in scan body acquisition, particularly in deep soft tissue situations, can lead to deviations in both angular and linear positioning of virtual implants. Employing appropriate scan body alignment methods such as a 3-point alignment approach demonstrates better accuracy compared to a 1-point alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pobploy Petchmedyai
- Dental Implant Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
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