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Jiang Y, Zhou S, Yuan Z, Hu X, Li Z, Wang Y, Shen Y, Cao J. Brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus) as potential reservoirs of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Heilongjiang Province, China: high prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and potential risk for zoonotic transmission. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1426384. [PMID: 39119351 PMCID: PMC11306123 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1426384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligatory intracellular fungus, is prevalent among animals and humans. Due to their close interaction with humans and their extensive regional distribution, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are important pathogen reservoirs. To assess the zoonotic transmission potential of E. bieneusi, a molecular investigation was conducted on 817 R. norvegicus from four cities in Heilongjiang Province, China. Methods A total of 817 R. norvegicus were collected from four cities in Heilongjiang Province, China. The genotyping of E. bieneusi was conducted through PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA)'s internal transcribed spacer (ITS) segments. Phylogenetic and similarity analyses were used to examine zoonotic potential and genetic characteristics of the E. bieneusi-positive specimens. Results Among the 817 R. norvegicus, the total infection rate was 33.3% (272/817). Seventy-five genotypes were identified, including 14 known genotypes D (n = 167), A (n = 15), HLJ-CP1 (n = 12), WR8 (n = 6), EbpC (n = 2), BEB6 (n = 1), CS-4 (n = 1), CHPM1 (n = 1), Henan-II (n = 1), HNH-22 (n = 1), HNH-25 (n = 1), I (n = 1), JLD-XI (n = 1), SDD5 (n = 1), and 61 novel genotypes designated as SHWR1 (n = 10), SYSWR1 (n = 2), and SHWR2 to SHWR17, SYSWR2 to SYSWR36 and QTHWR1 to QTHWR8 (n = 1, each). Moreover, 10 samples exhibited mixed genotype infections, including D + A (n = 3), D + EbpC (n = 1), D + HLJ-CP1 (n = 1), D + SHWR1 (n = 1), D + SHWR16 (n = 1), D + SHWR17 (n = 1), SDD5 + WR8 (n = 1), and CS-4 + SYSWR36 (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the genotypes into three main groups: group 1 (n = 67), group 2 (n = 5), and group 9 (n = 3). Discussion The high prevalence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in Heilongjiang Province's R. norvegicus imply that these animals spread the pathogen. The R. norvegicus that E. bieneusi carries can spread zoonotic disease, making it a serious hazard to the local human population. Therefore, it is imperative to raise awareness about the dangers posed by R. norvegicus and implement measures to reduce their population to prevent environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jiang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongying Yuan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxue Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ercan N, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Ercan F, Yetismis G, Pekmezci GZ, Inci A. Identification and distribution of some medico-veterinary important pathogens in muscid flies in two geographical regions of Türkiye. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38864653 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Some dipteran flies play an important role in the transmission of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and metazoan parasites in humans and other animals. Despite this importance, knowledge of the prevalence and molecular characteristics of some pathogens in flies is limited, and no data are available for Türkiye. In this study, we investigated the possible vector role of muscid fly species for the transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes (Chytridiopsida: Enterocytozoonidae), Encephalitozoon spp., Coxiella burnetii Derrick (Legionellales: Coxiellaceae) and Thelazia spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The flies were trapped in different animal-related places and surroundings from two different geographical regions of Türkiye including Central Anatolia and Middle Black Sea. According to the morphological keys, 850 (85%), 141 (14.1%) and 6 (0.6%) of the total of 1000 fly specimens identified as Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae), Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) and Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae), respectively. The other species including Haematobia irritans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae), Muscina stabulans Fallén (Diptera: Muscidae) and Hydrotaea ignava Harris (Diptera: Muscidae) were each represented by a single specimen. Screening of the pathogens identified E. bieneusi only in M. domestica with a prevalence of 2.4%. Sequence analyses identified three known genotypes, Type IV, BEB6 and BEB8, and one novel genotype named AEUEb of E. bieneusi in M. domestica. Coxiella burnetii was detected in M. domestica and S. calcitrans with prevalences of 2.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The one specimen of H. ignava was also positive for C. burnetii. Encephalitozoon spp. and Thelazia spp. were not found in the examined specimens. Our results contribute to the current knowledge on the vector potential of muscid flies and their possible role in the transmission dynamics of certain pathogens, especially in regions where diseases are prevalent and affect public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Ercan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Ercan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Dar TA, Mir AH. Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as potential mechanical vectors of the protozoan cyst and helminthic eggs in Kashmir Himalaya, India. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:283-288. [PMID: 38840884 PMCID: PMC11147968 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are an important group of non-biting flies that are potential mechanical vectors of protozoan and helminthic pathogens. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify protozoan cysts and helminthic eggs transmitted by blowflies. Surveys were carried out at six different sites, viz., butcher shops, fish markets, garbage piles, water bodies, and open vegetation in the Kashmir Himalaya. The flies were collected with the help of a sweeping net and using day-old beef liver as bait from March 2021 to February 2023. A total of 968 blowflies were collected, out of which 83 were found carrying at least one protozoan cyst and helminthic egg with six identified species of parasites. Garbage piles were recorded with the highest number of positive cases (10.81%), while human habitation had the highest transmission rate (3.3%). Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) was reported to have the highest number of parasitic cysts and ova (one protozoan cyst and three helminthic eggs), while Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba coli were found to be the most abundant parasites reported from the surface of these flies. The number of parasites isolated from the surface of the blowflies was statistically significant (F = 9.073, df = 1, and p = 0.014), indicating a positive association between the number of parasites isolated from blowflies and the collection sites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01663-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad Dar
- Entomology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Altaf Hussain Mir
- Entomology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
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Jiang S, Yu S, Feng Y, Zhang L, Santin M, Xiao L, Li W. Widespread distribution of human-infective Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in small rodents in northeast China and phylogeny and zoonotic implications revisited. Acta Trop 2024; 253:107160. [PMID: 38408590 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi features high genetic diversity among host species and environmental sources and over 500 genotypes in 11 phylogenetic groups have been defined. Here we investigated 291 small rodents in Heilongjiang province, northeast China, for the presence of E. bieneusi by PCR of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Nine of 60 (15.0 %) gray squirrels from a park in Harbin, 120 of 201 (59.7 %) guinea pigs from a pet shop in Harbin, and two of 30 (6.7 %) peridomestic rats from a pasture in Qiqihar were positive for the parasite. Six known genotypes (EbpB, SCC-1, SCC-2, D, S7 and HLJ-CP1) and two novel genotypes (NESQ1 and NEGP1) were identified by sequence analysis of the ITS, with EbpB, SCC-1, SCC-2 and NESQ1 found in squirrels, D, S7 and NEGP1 in guinea pigs, and EbpB and HLJ-CP1 in rats. Widespread distribution of human-infective Group 10 genotype S7 and Group 1 genotype D in guinea pigs raised our concerns about the importance of pet animals as zoonotic reservoirs of microsporidiosis. Co-occurrence of Group 1 genotypes D and HLJ-CP1 in cancer patients and rodents in Heilongjiang indicated a possibility of zoonotic transmission. The host range of Group 1 genotype EbpB previously considered pig-adapted was extended. A potential variant of genotype S7, namely NESQ1, went into the existing Group 10 in phylogenetic analysis. The other new genotype, NEGP1, was clustered in an undefined clade we proposed as Group 15. With the emerging epidemiologic evidence, the host specificity of existing E. bieneusi genotypes is now being challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, AR, USA
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Tuo H, Zhang B, He Y, Zhao A, Zhang Z, Qi M, Yu F. Molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in wild Altai marmot (Marmota baibacina) in Xinjiang, China: host specificity and adaptation. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:7. [PMID: 38053002 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is responsible for opportunistic infections leading to gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals worldwide. A total of 334 fresh fecal samples were collected from wild Altai marmots (Marmota baibacina) in Xinjiang, China, and E. bieneusi was screened via PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the small submit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA). The results indicated that 22.8% (76/334) of the wild Altai marmot fecal samples were positive for E. bieneusi, and the highest positive rate was detected in Akqi (51.9%, 27/52), with a significant difference from other sampling sites (p < 0.01). Four known genotypes (BEB6, CHG3, GX2, and YAK1) and three novel genotypes (XJHT2 to XJHT4) were identified in the present study. Genotype XJHT3 was dominant and detected in 48 fecal samples. In the phylogenetic analysis, the novel genotypes XJHT2 and XJHT3 were clustered in Group 1 together with the known genotype YAK1, while genotypes CHG3 and BEB6 were clustered in Group 2. The novel genotype XJHT4 was clustered together with other rodent-derived genotypes and generated a novel Group 14. These data confirmed the host specificity and adaptation of E. bieneusi in rodents. These findings enrich our understanding of the prevalence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in wild Altai marmots in Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Tuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongqiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aiyun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fuchang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
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Lv C, Li C, Wang J, Qian W. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and a new Enterocytozoon sp. in pet hairless guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) from China. Parasite 2023; 30:37. [PMID: 37728509 PMCID: PMC10510651 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most common microsporidian species, has been detected in humans and a variety of animals worldwide. However, limited information is available on the prevalence and molecular characterization of this parasite in guinea pigs. In this study, we conducted the first investigation of E. bieneusi infection in hairless guinea pigs recently introduced into China as new exotic pets. A total of 324 fecal samples were collected from hairless guinea pigs from a pet market and four breeding facilities in China. Sequence alignment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) revealed an infection rate of 14.2% (46/324) and two known ITS genotypes, S7 and PGP. Genotype S7 was the dominant genotype in these animals (42/46, 91.3%). Due to significant ITS sequence divergence, four and two PGP isolates from hairless and regular guinea pigs, respectively were further identified by PCR and phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the ITS locus using E. hepatopenaei and two related genera Enterospora and Nucleospora as the outgroup. Three out of the six PGP isolates were successfully sequenced and generated the same sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of SSU rRNA and ITS loci revealed that PGP isolates formed a separate clade that was distinct and far away from E. bieneusi, suggesting that they represent a new species of Enterocytozoon. These findings indicate the dominance of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotype S7 in hairless guinea pigs and the existence of a cryptic Enterocytozoon species in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District Luoyang 471003 PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District Luoyang 471003 PR China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District Luoyang 471003 PR China
| | - Weifeng Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District Luoyang 471003 PR China
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Zhao W, Wang T, Ren G, Li J, Tan F, Li W, Zhu C, Lu G, Huang H. Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines (Atherurus macrourus) and bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus) from Hainan Province, China: Common occurrence, wide genetic variation and high zoonotic potential. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106915. [PMID: 36997011 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence and genotypic diversity of E. bieneusi in farmed Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines and bamboo rats from Hainan Province, China. Four hundred and sixty-seven fresh feces were collected from 164 Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines and 303 bamboo rats. DNA extraction from the feces and genotyping of E. bieneusi were performed by the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of E. bieneusi using PCR. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed based on the sequences obtained here and other sequences of E. bieneusi genotypes stored in Genbank. The total rate of infection with E. bieneusi was 32.5% (152/467), with 14.6% (24/164) in Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines and 42.2% (128/303) in bamboo rats infected. Seventeen genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified including 12 known genotypes, i.e., D (n = 78), Henan-III (n = 21), SHW7 (n = 19), KIN-1 (n = 11), ETMK5 (n = 7), TypeIV (n = 4), EbpD (n = 2), EbpA (n = 1), EbpC (n = 1), S7 (n = 1), HNPL-III (n = 1), HNR-VII (n = 1), and five novel genotypes named as HNZS-I (n = 1) and HNHZ-I to HNHZ-IV (n = 1 per genotype). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the genotypes found here except genotype S7 fell into Group 1. The present study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of E. bieneusi infection (32.5%) and a large genetic variation of E. bieneusi (seventeen genotypes) in farmed Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines and bamboo rats in Hainan, China. The high proportion (78.3%) of zoonotic genotypes identified in the animals investigated here suggests that there is the potential for zoonotic or cross-species transmission which may pose a serious public health threat in the area. Public education on the management of Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines and bamboo rats should be implemented in the investigated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guangxu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China.
| | - Huicong Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang N, Qin H, Zhang L, Zhang S. The global prevalence of parasites in non-biting flies as vectors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 36691084 PMCID: PMC9872427 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-biting flies such as the house fly (Musca domestica), the Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) and the oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala) may carry many parasites. In the present study, we performed a systematic overview of the different species of parasites carried by non-biting flies, as well as of isolation methods, different geographical distribution, seasonality and risk assessment. METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out with the aim to review the global prevalence of parasite transmission in non-biting flies. A total sample size of 28,718 non-biting flies reported in studies worldwide satisfied the predetermined selection criteria and was included in the quantitative analysis. RESULTS The global prevalence of parasites in non-biting flies was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.9-53.2%; n = 15,888/28,718), with the highest prevalence found for non-biting flies in Africa (58.3%; 95% CI 47.4-69.3%; n = 9144/13,366). A total of 43% (95% CI 32.1-54.4%; n = 7234/15,282) of house flies (M. domestica), the fly species considered to be the most closely associated with humans and animals, were found with parasites. The prevalence of parasites in the intestine of non-biting flies was 37.1% (95% CI 22.7-51.5%; n = 1045/3817), which was significantly higher than the prevalence of parasites isolated from the body surface (35.1%; 95% CI 20.8-49.4%; n = 1199/3649; P < 0.01). Of the 27 reported parasites, a total of 20 known zoonotic parasites were identified, with an infection rate of 38.1% (95% CI 28.2-48.0%; n = 13,572/28,494). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for the public health and ecological significance of parasites transmitted by non-biting flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanhao Wang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huikai Qin
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Qin Y, Chen C, Qin YF, Yang XB, Li MH, Meng XZ, Zhao ZY, Ma N, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Prevalence and related factors of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2022; 208:105775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Beef Cattle in Shanxi Province, North China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212961. [PMID: 36359085 PMCID: PMC9698800 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an intracellular pathogen that can parasitize humans and a variety of animals. The infection of E. bieneusi in most hosts is asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised individuals, it can lead to serious complications such as acute diarrhea, dehydration, and even death. However, no data on the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Shanxi province are currently available. In this study, a total of 401 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in farms from two representative counties—Qi county and Jishan county—in Shanxi province, north China. Nested PCR was applied to determine the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi by amplifying and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene. A total of 90 out of 401 samples were detected as E. bieneusi-positive, with 22.44% overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Shanxi province. The highest prevalence of E. bieneusi was detected in calves (28.67%, 41/143) and male beef cattle (28.13%, 54/192). Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly associated with gender and age factors (p < 0.05), but without any statistical difference among regions. Moreover, six known E. bieneusi genotypes (BEB4, BEB6, BEB8, J, I, and PigSpEb2) and two novel genotypes (designated CSC1 and CSC2) were identified by analysis of ITS sequences, and genotype I was the predominant genotype in these two counties. Phylogenetic analysis showed that five known genotypes and two novel genotypes were clustered into Group 2, but PigSpEb2 belonged to Group 1. To our knowledge, the present study demonstrated the presence and identified genotypes of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Shanxi province for the first time, extending the data on prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in beef cattle and providing baseline data for executing intervention measures to control it in the study regions.
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Lv C, Wang J, Li C, Zhang M, Qian W. First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in China. Parasite 2022; 29:15. [PMID: 35315766 PMCID: PMC8939298 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a common opportunistic pathogen, has been detected in humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. However, no information on the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in hamsters is available worldwide. In this study, fecal specimens were collected from 175 golden hamsters and 175 Siberian hamsters purchased from pet shops in three provinces of China. The average infection rate of E. bieneusi was 12.0% (42/350), with 14.9% (26/175) in pet golden hamsters and 9.1% (16/175) in pet Siberian hamsters. Four genotypes were identified in pet golden hamsters, including three known genotypes (D, Henan-II, and SHW5) and one novel genotype (named Ebph1). Five genotypes were found in pet Siberian hamsters, including one known genotype (D) and four novel genotypes (named Ebph2 to Ebph5). Genotypes D and Ebph2 were the dominant genotype in pet golden hamsters (23/26, 88.5%) and Siberian hamsters (9/16, 56.3%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the E. bieneusi isolates clustered into two groups: Group 1 (D, Henan-II, SHW5, and Ebph1) and Group 3 (Ebph2 to Ebph5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in golden hamsters and Siberian hamsters worldwide. The identification of four genotypes belonging to Group 1 of high zoonotic potential suggests that pet hamsters especially golden hamsters can be potential sources of human microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Weifeng Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China
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Taghipour A, Bahadory S, Abdoli A, Javanmard E. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Global Molecular Epidemiology of Microsporidia Infection Among Rodents: A Serious Threat to Public Health. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:18-30. [PMID: 34176043 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsporidiosis as a zoonotic disease has caused serious health problems in high-risk groups, including immunosuppressed individuals. Among the potential animal reservoirs of microsporidia, rodents play a key role due to close-contact with humans and their dispersion in different environments. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the global status and genetic diversity of microsporidia infection in different rodents. METHODS The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 to 15 April 2021. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing the molecular prevalence of microsporidia infection in rodents were included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model. The variance between studies (heterogeneity) were quantified by I2 index. RESULTS Of 1695 retrieved studies, 22 articles (including 34 datasets) were included for final meta-analysis. The pooled global molecular prevalence (95% CI) of microsporidia infection in rodents was 14.2% (95% CI 10.9-18.3%). The highest prevalence of microsporidia was found in Apodemus spp. 27.3% (95% CI 15-44.5%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the most common pathogen (26/34; 76.47% studies) according to PCR-based methods, and the genotype D as the highest reported genotype (15 studies). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study showed a relatively high prevalence of microsporidia infection in rodents as a potential animal reservoir for infecting human. Given the relatively high incidence of microsporidiosis, designing strategies for control, and prevention of microsporidia infection in rodents should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ehsan Javanmard
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Taghipour A, Bahadory S, Abdoli A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of cattle microsporidiosis with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: An emerging zoonotic pathogen. Prev Vet Med 2022; 200:105581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Koehler AV, Zhang Y, Gasser RB. A Perspective on the Molecular Identification, Classification, and Epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi of Animals. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 114:389-415. [PMID: 35544010 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microsporidian Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes enteric disease (microsporidiosis) in humans and has been recorded in a wide range of animal species worldwide. The transmission of E. bieneusi is direct and likely occurs from person to person and from animal to person via the ingestion of spores in water, food, or the environment. The identification of E. bieneusi is usually accomplished by molecular means, typically using the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Currently, ~820 distinct genotypes of E. bieneusi have been recorded in at least 210 species of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians) or invertebrates (insects and mussels) in more than 50 countries. In this chapter, we provide a perspective on (1) clinical aspects of human microsporidiosis; (2) the genome and DNA markers for E. bieneusi as well as molecular methods for the specific and genotypic identification of E. bieneusi; (3) epidemiological aspects of E. bieneusi of animals and humans, with an emphasis on the genotypes proposed to be zoonotic, human-specific, and animal-specific; and (4) future research directions to underpin expanded molecular studies to better understand E. bieneusi and microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson V Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Liu X, Tang L, Li W, Li C, Gu Y. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi from large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province, China. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:40-47. [PMID: 34866074 PMCID: PMC8810317 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi from large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province, 955 fecal samples were
collected from 16 cattle farms from March to October 2018, which included six dairy farms (526), seven yellow cattle farms (323), and three water buffalo farms (106) in different regions of
Anhui Province. PCR was conducted on all fecal samples using the 18S ribosomal RNA of Cryptosporidium spp. and internal transcribed spacer gene of E.
bieneusi to detect these two pathogens, and the positive samples were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that 23 (2.4%) and 40 (4.2%) out of the 955 samples were positive
for Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi, respectively. There were 11 (2.1%), 10 (3.1%), and 2 (1.9%) positive samples of Cryptosporidium
spp. and 16 (3.0%), 23 (7.1%), and 1 (0.9%) positive samples of E. bieneusi collected from dairy cattle, yellow cattle, and water buffalo, respectively, and no co-infection
was identified in this study. All positive samples of Cryptosporidium spp. were C. andersoni with some variations. Ten E. bieneusi
genotypes were obtained, including two known genotypes, J and CHN11, and eight new genotypes, named AHDC1 and AHYC1-7. The genotype CHN11 belonged to zoonotic Group 1, and the other nine
genotypes belonged to Group 2, which is mainly documented in ruminants. These results indicated that Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi infections were
present in large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province. Therefore, attention should be paid to the development of containment strategies of these two pathogens in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University
| | - Li Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University
| | - Wenchao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
| | - Youfang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University
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Song HY, Wang KS, Yang JF, Mao HM, Pu LH, Zou Y, Ma J, Zhu XQ, Zou FC, He JJ. Prevalence and Novel Genotypes Identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Dairy Cattle in Yunnan Province, China. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113014. [PMID: 34827747 PMCID: PMC8614311 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We first report the prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Holstein Cows and dairy buffalo in Yunnan province of China, with a percentage of positivity of 0.59% (5/841). Two novel zoonotic potential genotypes of E. bieneusi were found. We analyzed the different influencing factors (region, season, variety, breeding mode, gender, age), but the differences were not statistically significant. Abstract Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a fungus-like protist parasite that can cause diarrhea and enteric diseases. The infection of E. bieneusi has been reported in many host species, including cattle and humans. However, information on prevalence and genotype distribution of E. bieneusi in dairy cattle in Yunnan province in China is still absent. In this study, 490 Holstein Cows and 351 dairy buffalo fecal samples were collected from three regions in Yunnan province, China. By using nest-PCR that targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), we found that the prevalence of E. bieneusi was 0.59% (5/841). DNA sequence analysis showed that five E. bieneusi genotypes were identified in this study, including two novel genotypes, YNDCEB-90 and YNDCEB-174, and three known genotypes (I, J, BEB4). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two novel genotypes, YNDCEB-90 and YNDCEB-174, were clustered into Group 1, representing the zoonotic potential. The remaining genotypes I, J, and BEB4, which are the most frequent genotypes of E. bieneusi infection in cattle and lead to E. bieneusi infection in humans, belonged to Group 2. Although the lower prevalence of E. bieneusi was detected in dairy cattle in Yunnan province, it indicates that dairy cattle should be considered to be one of the potential hosts for transmitting E. bieneusi to humans. These findings are important for the development of effective prevention strategies for microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Song
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.-Y.S.); (J.-F.Y.); (H.-M.M.)
| | - Kai-Sheng Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China;
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.-Y.S.); (J.-F.Y.); (H.-M.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.-H.P.); (J.M.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Hua-Ming Mao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.-Y.S.); (J.-F.Y.); (H.-M.M.)
| | - Li-Hua Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.-H.P.); (J.M.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.-H.P.); (J.M.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.-H.P.); (J.M.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.-Y.S.); (J.-F.Y.); (H.-M.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.-H.P.); (J.M.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (F.-C.Z.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jun-Jun He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.-H.P.); (J.M.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
- Correspondence: (F.-C.Z.); (J.-J.H.)
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Molecular epidemiology and genotype/subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Encephalitozoon spp. in livestock: concern for emerging zoonotic infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17467. [PMID: 34471179 PMCID: PMC8410837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections have high prevalence rate in many regions especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and genotype/subtype of some intestinal protozoa in livestock in Iran. Stool samples were collected from cattle, sheep, chickens, and horses. The presence of targeted parasites was evaluated using real-time PCR. Genotyping/subtyping of positive samples was characterized using sequencing of the ITS and barcoding region, respectively. Blastocystis sp., 27.7% (48/173) and Enterocytozoon bieneusi 26.0% (45/173) were the most frequent protozoa followed by Encephalitozoon spp., 0.57% (1/173). Cryptosporidium spp. were not detected among samples. Encephalitozoon spp., was detected only in chickens 2.2% (1/45). A statistically correlation was seen between animals and the prevalence of targeted protozoa. E. bieneusi genotypes I (9/38; 23.68%), BEB6 (22/38; 57.89%), D (6/38; 15.79%), and horse1 (1/38; 2.63%) were detected among samples. A statistically significant correlation was seen between the genotypes and animals (P ≤ 0.05). Blastocystis sp., ST1 (1/45; 2.22%), ST5 3/45; 6.66%), ST7 (1/45; 2.22%), ST10 (24/45; 53.33%), and ST14 (16/45; 35.55%) were characterized among samples. There was no significant correlation between certain subtypes and animals (P = 0.173). The presence of zoonotic potential genotypes of E. bieneusi in animals and zoonotic potential subtypes ST1 and ST7 among our samples provide a clue about the transmission dynamic of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. between animals–animals and humans–animals.
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Zhang Y, Koehler AV, Wang T, Gasser RB. Enterocytozoon bieneusi of animals-With an 'Australian twist'. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2021; 111:1-73. [PMID: 33482973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian microorganism that causes intestinal disease in animals including humans. E. bieneusi is an obligate intracellular pathogen, typically causing severe or chronic diarrhoea, malabsorption and/or wasting. Currently, E. bieneusi is recognised as a fungus, although its exact classification remains contentious. The transmission of E. bieneusi can occur from person to person and/or animals to people. Transmission is usually via the faecal-oral route through E. bieneusi spore-contaminated water, environment or food, or direct contact with infected individuals. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes are usually identified and classified by PCR-based sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. To date, ~600 distinct genotypes of E. bieneusi have been recorded in ~170 species of animals, including various orders of mammals and reptiles as well as insects in >40 countries. Moreover, E. bieneusi has also been found in recreational water, irrigation water, and treated raw- and waste-waters. Although many studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of E. bieneusi, prevalence surveys of animals and humans are scant in some countries, such as Australia, and transmission routes of individual genotypes and related risk factors are poorly understood. This article/chapter reviews aspects of the taxonomy, biology and epidemiology of E. bieneusi; the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of microsporidiosis; critically appraises the naming system for E. bieneusi genotypes as well as the phylogenetic relationships of these genotypes; provides new insights into the prevalence and genetic composition of E. bieneusi populations in animals in parts of Australia using molecular epidemiological tools; and proposes some areas for future research in the E. bieneusi/microsporidiosis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Zheng XL, Zhou HH, Ren G, Ma TM, Cao ZX, Wei LM, Liu QW, Wang F, Zhang Y, Liu HL, Xing MP, Huang LL, Chao Z, Lu G. Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle farmed in Hainan Province, the southernmost region of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:65. [PMID: 33231548 PMCID: PMC7685235 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an intestinal pathogen that infects a wide range of species, including humans. Cattle constitute an important host for E. bieneusi; however, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Hainan Province of China. In this study, PCR analysis of 314 fecal samples from cattle in six cities of Hainan was performed for genotype identification. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in these animals was 9.9% (31/314), and ranged from 0.0% (0/12) to 20.5% (8/39). Five known genotypes – EbpC (n = 14), BEB4 (n = 12), J (n = 2), I (n = 1), and CHG5 (n = 1) – and a novel genotype: HNC-I (n = 1) – were identified. Genotypes EbpC and HNC-I were placed in zoonotic Group 1, and the remaining four genotypes (BEB4, J, I, and CHG5) were placed in Group 2. Since 93.5% of the genotypes found in the cattle (29/31) (EbpC, BEB4, J, and I) have previously been found in humans, these genotypes are probably involved in the transmission of microsporidiosis to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, PR China - Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China - Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Gangxu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, PR China - Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China - Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Tian-Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, PR China - Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China - Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Zong-Xi Cao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Li-Min Wei
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Quan-Wei Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Man-Ping Xing
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 571100 Haikou, PR China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, PR China - Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China - Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, PR China
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Yu F, Cao Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhao A, Qi M, Zhang L. Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:578. [PMID: 33198788 PMCID: PMC7667729 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown. METHODS A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. RESULTS Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchang Yu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, No. 1188 Junken Avenue, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangwenna Cao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, No. 1188 Junken Avenue, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Experimental and Research Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, No. 1188 Junken Avenue, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, No. 1188 Junken Avenue, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, No. 1188 Junken Avenue, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Li W, Feng Y, Xiao L. Diagnosis and molecular typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi: the significant role of domestic animals in transmission of human microsporidiosis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:251-261. [PMID: 33035931 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular fungus-like parasite with high genetic diversity among mammalian and avian hosts. Based on polymorphism analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nearly 500 genotypes were identified within E. bieneusi. Those genotypes form several genetic groups that exhibit phenotypic differences in host specificity and zoonotic potential and probably have varying public health implications. Some of the genotypes in Group 1 (e.g., D, EbpC, and Type IV) and Group 2 (e.g., BEB4, BEB6, I, and J) are the most common ones that infect a variety of hosts including humans and thus are of public health importance. By contrast, those genotypes in other genetic groups (Groups 3-11) are mostly restricted to the hosts from which they were originally isolated, which would have unknown or limited impacts on public health. Advances on diagnosis and molecular typing of E. bieneusi are introduced in this review. Genotype distribution pattern of E. bieneusi in major domestic animal groups (pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, cats, and dogs), the role of those animals in zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis, and food and water as potential vehicles for transmission are interpreted here as well. This review highlights the importance of including more genetic or epidemiological data obtained in the same geographical areas and using more reliable genetic markers to analyze the actual extent of host specificity in E. bieneusi, for the purpose of fully appreciating zoonotic risks of those domestic animals in close contacts with men and enhancing our understanding of the modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Mi R, Yang J, Wang J, Gong H, Huang Y, Wang X, Han X, Zhou H, Chen Z. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in farmed goats and sheep in Ningxia, China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104559. [PMID: 32961363 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is reported to be a common microsporidian of humans and animals in various countries. However, scarce information on E. bieneusi has been recorded in farmed goats and sheep in China. As such, we undertook molecular epidemiological investigation of E. bieneusi in farmed goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in Ningxia, China. A total of 660 genomic DNAs were extracted from individual faecal samples from famed goats (n = 300) and sheep (n = 360), and then tested using a nested PCR-based sequencing approach employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA as the genetic marker. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 237 of all 660 (36%) faecal samples from goats (n = 89) and sheep (n = 148). Correlation analyses revealed that E. bieneusi positive rates were significantly associated with age-groups, seasons and locations (P < 0.05). The analysis of ITS sequence data revealed the presentation of eight known genotypes (BEB6, CD6, CHG1, CHG3, CHG5, CHS8, CM7 and SX1). Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence data sets showed that they clustered within Group 2, showing zoonotic potential. These findings suggested that goats and sheep in Ningxia harbor zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi and may have a significant risk for zoonotic transmission. Further insight into the epidemiology of E. bieneusi in farmed animals, water and the environment from other areas in China will be important to have an informed position on the public health significance of microsporidiosis caused by this microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiabing Yang
- Ningxia Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750011, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Ningxia Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750011, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haining Zhou
- Ningxia Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750011, China.
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
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23
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Zhao A, Zhang K, Xu C, Wang T, Qi M, Li J. Longitudinal identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy calves on a farm in Southern Xinjiang, China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101550. [PMID: 33032191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common species responsible for human and animals microsporidiasis. A total of 250 samples were collected weekly from 25 newborn dairy calves of a farm in Southern Xinjiang, China at one to ten weeks of age. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by nested PCR amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.The cumulative prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was 100% (25/25), and the average infection was 52.0% (130/250). The highest infection rate was recorded at six weeks of age (92.0%, 23/25), and no infection was observed at one and two weeks of age. Sequencing analysis showed nine E. bieneusi genotypes (J, EbpC, PigEBITS5, CHV4, CHC3, CS-9, KIN-1, CH5, and CAM5) were identified. The highest genetic polymorphism was observed at ten weeks of age. Genotype J was the predominant E. bieneusi genotype. Phylogenetic analysis clustered genotype J into Group 2 and other eight genotypes (EbpC, PigEBITS5, CHV4, CHC3, CS-9, KIN-1, CH5, and CAM5), detected in 22 (16.9%, 22/130) samples, into Group 1. Among the genotypes, EbpC, KIN-1, and J have been identified in humans. The highest E. bieneusi infection rate (57.9%, 124/214) was observed in fecal samples with formed feces with no diarrhea (p < 0.01), and high genetic polymorphism was observed in class I fecal samples. The presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes in dairy calves suggests the possibility of transmitting zoonotic infections to humans. It provides the basic data on dynamic change of E. bieneusi in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Kuankuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Junqiang Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Zhao W, Zhou H, Yang L, Ma T, Zhou J, Liu H, Lu G, Huang H. Prevalence, genetic diversity and implications for public health of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in various rodents from Hainan Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:438. [PMID: 32878633 PMCID: PMC7466830 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rodents, globally overpopulated, are an important source for zoonotic disease transmission to humans, including Enterocytozoon bieneusi (one of the most prevalent zoonotic pathogens). Here, we studied the prevalence and performed genetic analyses of E. bieneusi in rodents from the Hainan Province of China. Methods A total of 603 fresh fecal samples were gathered from 369 wild rats, 117 bamboo rats, 93 Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine and 24 red-bellied squirrels. The wild rats were identified to the species level by amplification of a 421-bp region of the cytb gene from fecal DNA using PCR. Genotype analysis was performed by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of E. bieneusi using PCR. Results Seven wild rat species were identified. The average rate of infection with E. bieneusi was 15.8% (95/603) with 18.7% (69/369) in wild rats, 11.9% (25/210) in farmed rodents and 4.2% (1/24) in red-bellied squirrels. Sixteen E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, including 9 known genotypes (D, Type IV, PigEBITS7, Peru8, Peru11, ESH02, S7, EbpA and CHG5), and 7 novel genotypes (HNR-I to HNR-VII). Genotype D (44.2%, 42/95) predominated, followed by PigEBITS7 (20.0%, 19/95), HNR-VII (15.8%, 15/95), Type IV (5.3%, 5/95), HNR-III (2.1%, 2/95), HNR-VI (2.1%, 2/95) and each of the remaining 10 genotypes (1.1%, 1/95). The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region of E. bieneusi divided the identified genotypes into the following four groups: Group 1 (n = 13), Group 2 (n = 1), Group 12 (n = 1), and the novel Group 13 (n = 1). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of E. bieneusi in rodents from Hainan, China. The zoonotic potential of the identified E. bieneusi genotypes suggested that the rodents poses a serious threat to the local inhabitants. Thus, measures need to be taken to control the population of wild rats in the areas investigated in this study, along with identification of safe methods for disposal of farmed rodent feces. Additionally, the local people should be made aware of the risk of disease transmission from rodents to humans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tianming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jingguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haiju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China. .,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. .,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Huicong Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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Xu J, Wang X, Jing H, Cao S, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Yin J, Cao J, Shen Y. Identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) and Alashan ground squirrels (Spermophilus alashanicus) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA) of Gansu Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:367. [PMID: 32698833 PMCID: PMC7376879 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently detected microsporidian species in humans and animals. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, no information on E. bieneusi infection in Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) and Alashan ground squirrels (Spermophilus alashanicus) is available worldwide. The aim of the present study was to understand the occurrence and genetic characterizations of E. bieneusi in Himalayan marmots and Alashan ground squirrels in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA), Gansu Province, China. Methods A total of 498 intestinal contents were collected from 399 Himalayan marmots and 99 Alashan ground squirrels in QTPA. These samples were screened for the presence of E. bieneusi by using nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The ITS-positive sequences were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the genotypes of E. bieneusi. Results The average infection rate of E. bieneusi was 10.0% (50/498), with 11.8% (47/399) in Himalayan marmots and 3.0% (3/99) in Alashan ground squirrels. A total of 7 distinct E. bieneusi genotypes were confirmed: 1 known genotype, YAK1 (n = 18) and 6 novel genotypes, named as ZY37 (n = 27), HN39 (n = 1), HN96 (n = 1), SN45 (n = 1), XH47 (n = 1) and ZY83 (n = 1). All the genotypes obtained in the present study were classified into group 1. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in Himalayan marmots and Alashan ground squirrels in China. The identification of genotype YAK1 in the two rodent species expanded the host range of this genotype. All the seven genotypes were clustered into zoonotic group 1, suggesting that these animal species can be potential epidemiological vectors of zoonotic microsporidiosis caused by E. bieneusi and pose a threat to ecological security. It is necessary to strengthen management practices and surveillance in the investigated areas to reduce the risk of E. bieneusi infection from the two rodent species to humans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengkui Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Hwang S, Shin SU, Kim S, Ryu JH, Choi KS. Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:300. [PMID: 32522245 PMCID: PMC7288687 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian species infecting humans and various animals worldwide. To date, there has been limited information on the prevalence of infection and genotypes of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi circulating in pre-weaned Korean native calves and determined the age pattern of E. bieneusi infection and the relationship between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea. METHODS The prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in pre-weaned Korean native calves was screened by polymerase chain reaction. PCR-positive products were sequenced to determine the genotype of E. bieneusi. A Chi-square analysis was used to compare the association between diarrhea and the infection rate of E. bieneusi in each age range or for all ages. RESULTS PCR and sequencing analysis revealed an overall prevalence (16.9%, 53/314) of E. bieneusi in pre-weaned calves. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was highest in September (36.2%), followed by March (28.3%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection was associated with diarrhea in calves (χ2 = 5.82, P = 0.016). Our results also indicated that E. bieneusi infection was significantly associated with calf age (χ2 = 11.61, P = 0.003), and the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was significantly higher in calves aged 21-40 days-old (odds ratio: 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.45; P = 0.001) than in those aged 1-20 days-old. Interestingly, the association between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea was observed only in calves aged 1-20 days-old (χ2 = 5.82, P = 0.010). We identified three known genotypes, BEB4 (n = 12), BEB8 (n = 21) and J (n = 16), and three novel genotypes, BEB8-like (n = 21), KCALF1 (n = 1) and KCALF2 (n = 1). The genotype BEB8 was the most prevalent among all age groups. All genotypes identified in this study exhibited zoonotic potential. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of the genotype BEB4 in pre-weaned Korean native calves. Zoonotic E. bieneusi infection was prevalent in pre-weaned calves, indicating that cattle may play an important role as a reservoir host for E. bieneusi transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Hwang
- Department of Horse/Companion and Wild Animal Science, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Uk Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - SuHee Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ryu
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Horse/Companion and Wild Animal Science, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Wang J, Lv C, Zhao D, Zhu R, Li C, Qian W. First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet fancy rats (Rattus norvegicus) and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:21. [PMID: 32249756 PMCID: PMC7133117 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite, can infect humans and a wide variety of animals worldwide. However, information on the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in pet rats and guinea pigs is lacking. In this study, 325 fecal samples were collected from 152 pet fancy rats and 173 pet guinea pigs purchased from pet shops in Henan and Shandong provinces. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was 11.2% (17/152) in pet fancy rats and 20.2% (35/173) in pet guinea pigs. Genotypes D (n = 12), Peru11 (n = 3), S7 (n = 1) and SCC-2 (n = 1) were identified in pet fancy rats, and genotype S7 (n = 30) and a novel genotype PGP (n = 5) were identified in pet guinea pigs. The ITS sequence and its phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel genotype PGP was distinctly different; it exhibited less than 50% similarity to the reference sequences, and did not cluster with any of the known E. bieneusi genotype groups, forming a unique branch between groups 6 and 7. These data suggest that this is a new E. bieneusi genotype group. This is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in pet fancy rats and pet guinea pigs worldwide. The identification of zoonotic genotypes D, Peru11, and S7 suggests that pet fancy rats and guinea pigs can be potential sources of human microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Chaochao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Diandian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Runan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Weifeng Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Li J, Jiang Y, Wang W, Chao L, Jia Y, Yuan Y, Wang J, Qiu J, Qi M. Molecular identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in experimental rats in China. Exp Parasitol 2020; 210:107850. [PMID: 32027893 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental rats are important animal models, and a history of pathogenic infections in these animals will directly affect the animal trial results. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a ubiquitous potential pathogen transmitted via the fecal-oral route. To determine the prevalence and genotypic distributions of E. bieneusi in experimental rats in China, 291 fresh fecal samples were collected from four medical experimental animal centers. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was screened via nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Of the rats tested, 4.8% (14/291) were positive for E. bieneusi. Five E. bieneusi ITS genotypes (four known: EbpA, EbpC, CHY1, and N; one novel: SHR1) were detected among 14 sequenced samples. The dominant E. bieneusi genotype was EbpA (50.0%, 7/14). In the phylogenetic analysis, genotypes EbpA and EbpC belonged to the previously described group 1, genotypes N and SHR1 belonged to group 2, and genotype CHY1 belonged to the novel group 12. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in experimental laboratory rats in China. Infections with this pathogen must be monitored in laboratory animals, and quality control officers in the medical experimental centers should attempt to trace the pathogen's source and stop its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yuxi Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
| | - Liqin Chao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yaquan Jia
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yueyue Yuan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
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29
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Yu F, Li D, Chang Y, Wu Y, Guo Z, Jia L, Xu J, Li J, Qi M, Wang R, Zhang L. Molecular characterization of three intestinal protozoans in hospitalized children with different disease backgrounds in Zhengzhou, central China. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:543. [PMID: 31730024 PMCID: PMC6858702 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are major intestinal pathogens that can cause diarrheal diseases in humans, especially children. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is another parasite which can cause gastrointestinal tract disorders, with diarrhea being the main clinical symptom. However, few genetic studies of these parasites in pediatric inpatients in China have been published. Methods To assess the genetic characteristics and epidemiological status of these parasites, a total of 2284 fecal samples were collected from children in the pediatric departments of three hospitals in Zhengzhou, central China, and screened for these protozoans with PCR, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of E. bieneusi. Results Six (0.26%), 14 (0.61%), and 27 (1.18%) of the samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, respectively. Of the 12 successfully sequenced G. duodenalis isolates, four were identified as assemblage A and eight as assemblage B. In subtype and multilocus genotype (MLG) analyses, C. parvum IIdA19G1 (n = 4) and two novel G. duodenalis MLGs belonging to subassemblage AII (n = 3) and BIV (n = 5) were successfully identified. The E. bieneusi isolates included genotypes D (n = 17), J (n = 2), PigEBITS7 (n = 1), BEB6 (n = 1), and CM8 (n = 1). This is the first report of C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in HIV-negative children and E. bieneusi genotype CM8 in humans. Conclusions The dominance of zoonotic C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 indicates that this parasite is turning into zoonotic origin from human-to-human transmission. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed the zoonotic origins and anthroponotic transmission potential of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, suggesting more efforts must be made to minimize the threat these pathogens pose to public health.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Guo
- Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Jia
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Research Experiment Center & Laboratory Animal Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,National Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Wang R, Li N, Jiang W, Guo Y, Wang X, Jin Y, Feng Y, Xiao L. Infection patterns, clinical significance, and genetic characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Jiangsu, China. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3053-3060. [PMID: 31420739 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The infection patterns and clinical significance of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle remain poorly investigated despite their common occurrence. Data on the genetic diversity are also needed to understand the transmission and human-infective potential of the two pathogens. In this study, fecal specimens from 1366 dairy cattle on a large farm were examined for the presence and genotype distribution of E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis by PCR and DNA sequencing. The overall infection rates of E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis were 13.0% and 20.6%, respectively. Pre-weaned calves had significantly higher infection rates of both pathogens than post-weaned and adult cattle (P < 0.001), with peak occurrence of the pathogens in animals of 7-12 weeks. In both pre- and post-weaned calves, animals with diarrhea were 2.1-3.0 times more likely to be infected with either pathogen than those without diarrhea (P < 0.01). The E. bieneusi identified belonged to five genotypes, including J (n = 138), I (n = 21), BEB4 (n = 10), Type IV (n = 1), and a novel genotype CHC17 (n = 1). Genotype J was the dominant one in all age groups, whereas genotype I was only identified in calves of 6-11 weeks. Genotyping of G. duodenalis at three genetic loci identified assemblage E (n = 278), assemblage A (n = 2), and concurrence of the two (n = 1). Altogether, 13, 7 and 10 subtypes of assemblage E were detected at the bg, gdh, and tpi loci, respectively, forming 65 multilocus genotypes. The formation of two major clusters of MLGs in eBURST analysis indicated that intra-assemblage genetic recombination of two dominant MLGs could have led to the high genetic heterogeneity within assemblage E on a single farm. Results of this study provide much needed data on the pathogenicity of E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis in pre- and post-weaned calves. The clinical significance of the two pathogens in dairy cattle warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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31
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Luo R, Xiang L, Liu H, Zhong Z, Liu L, Deng L, Liu L, Huang X, Zhou Z, Fu H, Luo Y, Peng G. First report and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Tibetan pigs in southwestern China. Parasite 2019; 26:24. [PMID: 31041895 PMCID: PMC6492536 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common intestinal pathogen in a variety of animals. While E. bieneusi genotypes have become better-known, there are few reports on its prevalence in the Tibetan pig. This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in the Tibetan pig in southwestern China. Tibetan pig feces (266 samples) were collected from three sites in the southwest of China. Feces were subjected to PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 83 (31.2%) of Tibetan pigs from the three different sites, with 25.4% in Kangding, 56% in Yaan, and 26.7% in Qionglai. Prevalence varies according to age group, from 24.4% (age 0-1 years) to 44.4% (age 1-2 years). Four genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified: two known genotypes EbpC (n = 58), Henan-IV (n = 24) and two novel genotypes, SCT01 and SCT02 (one of each). We compare our results with a compilation of published results on the host range and geographical distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed these four genotypes clustered to group 1 with zoonotic potential. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of three microsatellites (MS1, MS3, MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) was successful in 47, 48, 23 and 47 positive specimens and identified 10, 10, 5 and 5 genotypes at four loci, respectively. This study indicates the potential danger of E. bieneusi to Tibetan pigs in southwestern China, and offers basic advice for preventing and controlling infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Luo
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Leiqiong Xiang
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Haifeng Liu
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Li Liu
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Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base Chengdu Sichuan Province
625001 PR China
| | - Lei Deng
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Ling Liu
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Xiangming Huang
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Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base Chengdu Sichuan Province
625001 PR China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Hualin Fu
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Yan Luo
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
| | - Guangneng Peng
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The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan Province
611130 PR China
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