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Onder Z, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Karabulut F, Inci A. Detection of SNPs and benzimidazole resistance in strongyle nematode eggs of horses by allele-specific PCR. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2037-2043. [PMID: 37354256 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in strongyle nematode egg populations in horses using molecular techniques. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from horses in 26 farms in two provinces (Kayseri and Nevşehir) of the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye between May and August 2022. The flotation method was used to detect strongyle nematode eggs in the fecal samples of the horses. Afterward, strongyle nematode eggs were collected, and the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) technique was used to detect the BZ resistance. BZ-susceptible and BZ-resistant PCR products were sequenced to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The strongyle nematode eggs were determined in 85 (42.5%) out of 200 fecal samples. AS-PCR detected 50.58% (43/85) BZ-resistant (homozygous resistant) and 36.4% (31/85) BZ-susceptible (homozygous susceptible) genes in the strongyle eggs. Both BZ-resistant and BZ-susceptible genes (heterozygous) were determined in 11 samples. BZ-resistant and BZ-susceptible allele frequencies were determined as 57.0% (48.5/85) and 43.0% (36.5/85), respectively. SNPs were detected only in codon 200 of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene in four sequenced isolates of the two resistant and two susceptible isolates. This study is the first molecular report on BZ resistance in strongyle nematode eggs in horses in Türkiye. The widespread prevalence of BZ-resistant alleles in equine strongyle nematodes shows the requirement for the immediate usage of other anthelmintics instead of the BZ group drugs for the effective management and control of equine strongyle nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Faruk Karabulut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
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Pekmezci GZ, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Simsek E, Balta F, Yardimci B, Onuk EE, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Yilmaz E, Inci A. Genetic diversity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876) infecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in Turkey. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:1109-1115. [PMID: 35485289 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We assessed genetic diversities among Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) field isolates collected from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. The overall prevalence of Ich was 35.3% (634/1798). Five novel Ich genotypes (ImulTR1 and ImulTR3-ImulTR6) were described based on mitochondrial cox-1 and nad1_b genes. The remaining genotype ImulTR2 was identical to the previously reported NY3 (or Ark9 and TW7) genotype from the United States and South Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Turkish Ich isolates separated genetically into at least four distinct groups. Our study presents the first data on the genotypes of Ich in Turkey. We also provide evidence for the wide distribution of the NY3 genotype (or Ark9 and TW7) from the United States and South Asia to Turkey. Genetic diversities within the mitochondrial genes provided adequate resolution for describing novel genotypes and identifying the known genotype within Turkish Ich isolates. Description of the Ich genotypes allows for tracking of pathogen genotypes worldwide. Thus, we can better understand the connections between Ich outbreaks in the fisheries aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fikri Balta
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Rize, Turkey
| | - Banu Yardimci
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ertan Emek Onuk
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yilmaz
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ellis VA, Kalbskopf V, Ciloglu A, Duc M, Huang X, Inci A, Bensch S, Hellgren O, Palinauskas V. Genomic sequence capture of Plasmodium relictum in experimentally infected birds. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:267. [PMID: 35906670 PMCID: PMC9336033 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sequencing parasite genomes in the presence of host DNA is challenging. Sequence capture can overcome this problem by using RNA probes that hybridize with the parasite DNA and then are removed from solution, thus isolating the parasite DNA for efficient sequencing. Methods Here we describe a set of sequence capture probes designed to target 1035 genes (c. 2.5 Mbp) of the globally distributed avian haemosporidian parasite, Plasmodium relictum. Previous sequence capture studies of avian haemosporidians from the genus Haemoproteus have shown that sequencing success depends on parasitemia, with low-intensity, chronic infections (typical of most infected birds in the wild) often being difficult to sequence. We evaluate the relationship between parasitemia and sequencing success using birds experimentally infected with P. relictum and kept under laboratory conditions. Results We confirm the dependence of sequencing success on parasitemia. Sequencing success was low for birds with low levels of parasitemia (< 1% infected red blood cells) and high for birds with higher levels of parasitemia. Plasmodium relictum is composed of multiple lineages defined by their mitochondrial DNA haplotype including three that are widespread (SGS1, GRW11, and GRW4); the probes successfully isolated DNA from all three. Furthermore, we used data from 25 genes to describe both among- and within-lineage genetic variation. For example, two samples of SGS1 isolated from different host species differed by 11 substitutions across those 25 genes. Conclusions The sequence capture approach we describe will allow for the generation of genomic data that will contribute to our understanding of the population genetic structure and evolutionary history of P. relictum, an extreme host generalist and widespread parasite. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05373-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo A Ellis
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Victor Kalbskopf
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mélanie Duc
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden.,Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Xi Huang
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden.,MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Staffan Bensch
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Hellgren
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden.
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Yetismis G, Yildirim A, Pekmezci D, Duzlu O, Ciloglu A, Onder Z, Simsek E, Ercan N, Pekmezci GZ, Inci A. First report and genotyping of Dientamoeba fragilis in pet budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), with zoonotic importance. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:572-578. [PMID: 35467079 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Dientamoeba fragilis is one of the most common parasites in the digestive system of humans worldwide. The host range and transmission routes of D. fragilis, including the role of animals, are still ambiguous with few reports from non-human primates, sheep, rodents, pigs, a cat and a dog. In this study, we used microscopic and TaqMan qPCR analyses to investigate D. fragilisin 150 faecal samples from pet budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Dientamoeba fragilis DNA was detected in 32 samples, resulting in a mean prevalence of 21.3%. In microscopic examination, trophozoites/cysts of D. fragilis were detected in 13 of 32 qPCR-positive samples. SSU rRNA sequence analyses of the qPCR-positive isolates identified genotype 1 of D. fragilis as predominant in budgerigars. Phylogenetic analyses of the SSU rRNA gene region clustered D. fragilis genotypes, as well as other trichomonads, in separate monophyletic clusters with bootstrap values ≥79.0. Our study provides the first evidence for the natural host status of pet budgerigars for D. fragilisand contributes to the knowledge of the epidemiology of this parasite. The high prevalence of genotype 1 of D. fragilis suggests that pet budgerigars are suitable reservoirs for zoonotic transmission. Our findings contribute to an increased awareness and knowledge of D. fragilis infections in the context of a one-health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Pekmezci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuri Ercan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Onder Z, Yildirim A, Pekmezci D, Duzlu O, Pekmezci GZ, Ciloglu A, Simsek E, Kokcu ND, Yetismis G, Ercan N, Inci A. Molecular identification and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in farm and pet animals in Turkey. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105939. [PMID: 33932364 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1340 fresh fecal samples from farm and pet animals in Central Anatolia and the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey were investigated using a PCR assay targeting the SSU rRNA of Blastocystis sp. An overall Blastocystis sp. prevalence of 19.4% (183/940) was found in farm animals, including cattle, sheep, water buffaloes, and chickens. Fecal samples of dogs, cats, and horses were negative. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was found in sheep (38.2%) among the farm animals. The SSU rRNA sequence analysis revealed two animal-specific subtypes, including ST10 in cattle and sheep and ST14 in water buffaloes. The zoonotic subtype ST7 was identified in chickens. Our results indicated a high prevalence of animal-specific subtypes in livestock and zoonotic subtype ST7 in chickens, highlighting the potential risk of chickens for zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis in the research area. This study is the first large-scale evaluation of Blastocystis in animal hosts in Turkey, and contributes to the molecular epidemiology and genetics of Blastocystis. Our results should be considered by authorities as an indication of the zoonotic importance of Blastocystis sp. and the need for surveillance in public health intervention programs.
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Hellgren O, Kelbskopf V, Ellis VA, Ciloglu A, Duc M, Huang X, Lopes RJ, Mata VA, Aghayan SA, Inci A, Drovetski SV. Low MSP-1 haplotype diversity in the West Palearctic population of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum. Malar J 2021; 20:265. [PMID: 34118950 PMCID: PMC8199812 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although avian Plasmodium species are widespread and common across the globe, limited data exist on how genetically variable their populations are. Here, the hypothesis that the avian blood parasite Plasmodium relictum exhibits very low genetic diversity in its Western Palearctic transmission area (from Morocco to Sweden in the north and Transcaucasia in the east) was tested. Methods The genetic diversity of Plasmodium relictum was investigated by sequencing a portion (block 14) of the fast-evolving merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) gene in 75 different P. relictum infections from 36 host species. Furthermore, the full-length MSP1 sequences representing the common block 14 allele was sequenced in order to investigate if additional variation could be found outside block 14. Results The majority (72 of 75) of the sequenced infections shared the same MSP1 allele. This common allele has previously been found to be the dominant allele transmitted in Europe. Conclusion The results corroborate earlier findings derived from a limited dataset that the globally transmitted malaria parasite P. relictum exhibits very low genetic diversity in its Western Palearctic transmission area. This is likely the result of a recent introduction event or a selective sweep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Hellgren
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Vincenzo A Ellis
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mélanie Duc
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ricardo J Lopes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade Do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A Mata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade Do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sargis A Aghayan
- Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Republic of Armenia
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sergei V Drovetski
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Research Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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Ciloglu A, Ibis O, Yildirim A, Aktas M, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Simsek E, Yetismis G, Ellis VA, Inci A. Complete mitochondrial genome characterization and phylogenetic analyses of the main vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101736. [PMID: 33992910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean tick, Hyalomma marginatum, is the most important vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus and several pathogens that cause animal and human diseases and economic losses to livestock production. Given the medical and veterinary importance of this tick species, we sequenced and characterized its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) for the first time. We designed two new primer sets and combined long-range PCR with next generation sequencing to generate complete mitogenomes with deep coverage from 10 H. marginatum adults. The mitogenomes contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal subunits, two control regions, and three tick-box motifs. The nucleotide composition of the H. marginatum mitogenomes were A+T biased (79.76%) and exhibited negative AT- and GC- skews across most PCGs. All PCGs were initiated by ATK codons and two truncated termination codons were seen in the COX2 and COX3 genes. All tRNAs exhibited typical cloverleaf structures, except for tRNACys and tRNASer1. A total of 62 polymorphic sites defined ten unique haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 13 PCGs of 56 tick species revealed that four Hyalomma species (H. marginatum, H. asiaticum, H. rufipes, and H. truncatum) formed a monophyletic clade with strong support. The results of this study provide a comprehensive resource for further studies on the systematics, population genetics, molecular epidemiology, and evolution of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey.
| | - Osman Ibis
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Munir Aktas
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo A Ellis
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
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Pekmezci D, Yetismis G, Colak ZN, Duzlu O, Ozkilic GN, Inci A, Pekmezci GZ, Yildirim A. First report and molecular prevalence of potential zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Turkish tumbler pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Med Mycol 2021; 59:864-868. [PMID: 33724370 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 250 droppings of tumbler pigeons (Columba livia domestica, Columbidae) were collected individually from different breeders in Turkey, to investigate the presence and genotyping of microsporidian species by nested PCR and to reveal their zoonotic potential. In the present study, Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the only microsporidian species identified in 35 pigeons with an overall molecular prevalence of 14.0%. Only one known genotype zoonotic Peru6 was identified in all positive samples according to the sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA of E. bieneusi. This study represents the first report of E. bieneusi in pigeons in Turkey. Our study also confirms the competence of breeding pigeons as hosts for the zoonotic Peru6 genotype, corroborating its potential role as a source of human infection and environmental contamination. LAY SUMMARY Microsporidia are spore-producing fungi defined as emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans. The occurrence of microsporidia in animals could be risky for human public health. Home kept breeding pigeons pose a high risk for transmission of the microsporidians to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Pekmezci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Nurselin Colak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Nur Ozkilic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Atelge M, Inci A, Yildirim A, Sozdutmaz I, Adler PH. First molecular characterization of hypodermin genes of Hypoderma bovis and serodiagnosis of bovine hypodermosis with recombinant hypodermin C antigen and a synthetic peptide containing its linear B-cell epitope. Vet Parasitol 2021; 292:109394. [PMID: 33689962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypodermins A (HA), B (HB), and C (HC) of warble flies are modulatory antigens involved in host inflammation and immune responses during migration of the warble fly larvae through host connective tissues. In the current study, molecular characteristics of the genes encoding HA, HB, and HC were revealed from cDNA constructs of third-instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis. The open reading frame (ORF) of each hypodermin gene was amplified with modified gene-specific primers, and the resulting PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector to produce recombinant plasmids (rHA, rHB, and rHC). The ORF sequences of rHA, rHB, and rHC genes are 705 bp, 771 bp, and 783 bp long and encode proteins of 234, 256, and 263 amino acids with predicted sizes of 25.74 kDa, 27.79 kDa, and 28.51 kDa, respectively. The rHC gene was subcloned into the pET 100/D-TOPO Expression Vector, and the recombinant HC was purified using affinity chromatography. Western blotting indicated that rHC was recognized by the sera of cattle naturally infested with H. bovis. The rHC and a synthetic peptide (sHC) containing its linear B cell-specific epitope were evaluated as serological markers in indirect ELISA (iELISA) for the diagnosis of bovine hypodermosis. Both sHC and rHC iELISAs had sensitivity values equal to or higher than 90 % and specificity values of 100 %. A total of 200 serum samples from cattle in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey were also analyzed by rHC and sHC-iELISAs to reveal the seroprevalence of bovine hypodermosis. The results of both iELISAs were consistent with one another and revealed a hypodermosis prevalence of 62 %. Our study provides the first data on molecular characterization of hypodermin genes of H. bovis and indicates the efficacy of recombinant antigen and peptide-based iELISA for serodiagnosis of bovine hypodermosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeccel Atelge
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sozdutmaz
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Pekmezci D, Yetismis G, Esin C, Duzlu O, Colak ZN, Inci A, Pekmezci GZ, Yildirim A. Occurrence and molecular identification of zoonotic microsporidia in pet budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in Turkey. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa088. [PMID: 33070189 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are well-known microsporidian pathogens, recently classified as fungi, infecting humans and reptiles, mammals, and birds. Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates) are the most preferred captive pet birds in the households. Prevalence and molecular data on microsporidian species in budgerigars are scarce worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and genotypes of Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi in budgerigars, and to reveal their zoonotic potential. A total of 143 fecal samples were collected from owned healthy budgerigars in Turkey. Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi were examined by nested PCR targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and sequenced for identifying Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. hellem and E. bieneusi was 14.7% (21/143) and 3.5% (5/143), respectively. Two genotypes of E. hellem were identified, including one known 1A (n = 18) and a novel TURK1B (n = 3). In addition, we determined two E. bieneusi genotypes, including one known N (n = 2) and a novel TURKM1 (n = 3). E. hellem 1A and novel TURK1B clustered as a sister taxon, and genotype N and novel TURKM1 genotypes fall into group 2 of E. bieneusi in the phylogenetic tree. Novel genotypes of E. hellem and E. bieneusi were described for the first time in the avian host. Moreover, E. bieneusi genotype N was first detected in avian hosts in the present study. This study contributes to the current knowledge on the molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of E. hellem and E. bieneusi. LAY SUMMARY Spore producing microsporidia are ubiquitous, obligate, and intracellular fungus defined as emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans, livestock, companion animals, wild mammals, birds, and water worldwide. The occurrence of microsporidia in animals could be risky for human public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Pekmezci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Esin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Nurselin Colak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ciloglu A, Ergen AG, Inci A, Dik B, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Yetismis G, Bensch S, Valkiūnas G, Yildirim A. Prevalence and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites at an intersection point of bird migration routes: Sultan Marshes National Park, Turkey. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105465. [PMID: 32504592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian haemosporidians (Haemosporida) represent a globally distributed, species-rich multiparasite-multihost host-parasite system. Each year, many of these parasite lineages are carried between temperate and tropical regions by migratory birds. While several factors can limit the transmission of avian haemosporidians to new areas, recent studies have shown that some abundant parasites can sometimes disperse and be transmitted in new areas to become emerging infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites in Sultan Marshes National Park (SMNP), a major stopover site in the eastern Mediterranean flyway, and we evaluated the potential for avian haemosporidians in SMNP to be transmitted to areas outside of their known distributions. We sampled a total of 565 migratory and resident birds belonging to 39 species and 23 families. We applied both molecular and microscopic methods to detect and identify avian haemosporidian infections and also quantified the frequency of potential abortive infections. We identified a total of 52 different mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) parasite lineages belonging to the genera Plasmodium (N = 12), Haemoproteus (N = 31), and Leucocytozoon (N = 9) in 193 (34.2%) infected birds. Ten of the lineages were reported for the first time. Our findings show that numerous parasite lineages are actively transmitted among resident bird species of SMNP. Our findings also revealed new parasite-host interactions while considering the role of possible abortive infections. The relatively high frequency of presumed abortive infections suggests that analyses of datasets generated only by PCR-based methods should be interpreted with caution. We also compared the prevalence and distribution of avian haemosporidian infections in both resident and migratory bird species and showed that haemosporidian prevalence was related to bird migratory behavior. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the ecological and genetic adaptations associated with changes in transmission areas of avian haemosporidian parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Gursoy Ergen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Bilal Dik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Staffan Bensch
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Ciloglu A, Ellis VA, Duc M, Downing PA, Inci A, Bensch S. Evolution of vector transmitted parasites by host switching revealed through sequencing of Haemoproteus parasite mitochondrial genomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 153:106947. [PMID: 32866615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parasite species evolve by switching to new hosts, cospeciating with their current hosts, or speciating on their current hosts. Vector transmitted parasites are expected to speciate by host switching, but confirming this hypothesis has proved challenging. Parasite DNA can be difficult to sequence, thus well resolved parasite phylogenies that are needed to distinguish modes of parasite speciation are often lacking. Here, we studied speciation in vector transmitted avian haemosporidian parasites in the genus Haemoproteus and their warbler hosts (family Acrocephalidae). We overcome the difficulty of generating parasite genetic data by combining nested long-range PCR with next generation sequencing to sequence whole mitochondrial genomes from 19 parasite haplotypes confined to Acrocephalidae warblers, resulting in a well-supported parasite phylogeny. We also generated a well-supported host phylogeny using five genes from published sources. Our phylogenetic analyses confirm that these parasites have speciated by host switching. We also found that closely related host species shared parasites which themselves were not closely related. Sharing of parasites by closely related host species is not due to host geographic range overlap, but may be the result of phylogenetically conserved host immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Vincenzo A Ellis
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mélanie Duc
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania
| | - Philip A Downing
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Staffan Bensch
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden
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Simsek E, Pekmezci GZ, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Sursal N, Yilmaz E, Gonulalan Z, Inci A. Investigation of Anisakis larvae in different products of ready-to-eat fish meat and imported frozen fish in Turkey. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108829. [PMID: 32836093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Globalization opens new market areas and affects food consumption habits, resulting in rapid and remarkable cultural change. Food habits such as consumption of raw fish meat have become popular, resulting in increased risk of emerging infectious diseases. Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s) and A. pegreffii are the most common and important fish-borne zoonotic nematodes responsible for human anisakiasis, which occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish as well as cooked fish due to their heat-stable allergens. Here, we investigated the prevalence, intensity, and abundance of Anisakis larvae in imported fish and ready-to-eat local fish products in Turkey. A total of 205 ready-to-eat fish products, 100 imported frozen Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets, and 100 imported frozen whole Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) were sampled from supermarkets, sushi restaurants, and fish markets. All samples were individually examined using a pepsin digestion technique. In total, 602 Anisakis type I larvae were recovered from 98/100 mackerel. No larvae were found in ready-to-eat products or frozen Atlantic salmon fillets. Overall, 8.8% of the larvae were found in the muscle tissue. The overall mean intensity and abundance of infection in mackerel were 6.14 and 6.02, respectively. The larvae were molecularly identified and their phylogenetic relationships with the relevant Anisakis sequences in GenBank were investigated. For this purpose, a subsample of randomly selected 100 Anisakis larvae were analyzed with PCR-RFLP of the ITS region. The larvae were identified as A. simplex (s.s.) (n = 87) and hybrids (n = 13). ITS and cox2 gene regions of all hybrids and randomly selected 50 A. simplex (s.s.) larvae were sequenced for species confirmation and phylogenetic analyses. No intraspecific nucleotide variation was found among the ITS sequences of either species. Seven and three haplotypes, respectively, were identified for A. simplex (s.s.) and hybrid species according to DNA polymorphism of the cox2 gene. Hybrids in our study clustered within the common A. simplex (s.s.) clade in the cox2 phylogenetic tree indicating the dominance of A. simplex (s.s) in the catching area of Atlantic mackerel. Consequently, our study indicates high occurrence of A. simplex (s.s.) larvae with an overall 98.0% prevalence in imported Atlantic mackerel, and highlights the importance of these fish as potential reservoirs for human allergic anisakiasis in Turkey and possibly in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Simsek
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Sursal
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yilmaz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gonulalan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey
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14
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Pekmezci D, Pekmezci GZ, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Inci A. 2019 AAFP Feline Zoonoses Guidelines. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:665-666. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20932791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Pekmezci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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15
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Yildirim A, Okur M, Uslug S, Onder Z, Yetismis G, Duzlu O, Ciloglu A, Simsek E, Inci A. First report on the molecular prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in horses in Turkey: genotype distributions and zoonotic potential. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2821-2828. [PMID: 32594238 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Horses might play an important role as reservoir hosts in the epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which is one of the most important zoonotic microsporidian pathogens, with a wide range of hosts. Nevertheless, limited information is available on the infection rates and genotypes of E. bieneusi in horses, and no data are available on the occurrence and molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in horses in Turkey. We determined the prevalence of E. bieneusi among horses raised on farms from two provinces of Central Anatolia Region, by amplification of the partial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene using nested PCR. We identified the genotypes of E. bieneusi isolates by analyzing the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 18.7% (56/300), with no significant differences in infection rates among age groups or between genders of horses. Sequence analysis revealed eight genotypes: two known genotypes (ERUSS1, BEB6) and six novel genotypes (named ERUH2 to ERUH7). The genotype ERUSS1 was the most common and was found on all farms, age groups, and genders. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the identified genotypes in ruminant-specific group 2. Our findings contribute to the molecular epidemiology of E. bieneusi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mubeccel Okur
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sadullah Uslug
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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16
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Onder Z, Simsek E, Duzlu O, Yetismis G, Ciloglu A, Okur M, Kokcu ND, Inci A, Yildirim A. Molecular prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in cattle in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2927-2934. [PMID: 32562064 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in cattle were investigated. A total of 450 fecal samples were collected from cattle in three provinces of Central Anatolia from August 2017 to July 2019. Genomic DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and used in molecular analysis carried out by nested PCR analyses of the β-giardin (bg) gene of G. duodenalis. Positive samples were further analyzed by nested PCR at two gene loci (triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)) for genotyping of G. duodenalis isolates. PCR analyses of the bg gene indicated that the overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 30.2%. However, lower rates were determined with PCR analyses for gdh and tpi loci. The sequence analyses of the bg, gdh, and tpi genes revealed the presence of zoonotic assemblage A and livestock-specific assemblage E. Combined-sequence analyses revealed that assemblage E was the most common in the study area. Our study provides the first data on the wide prevalence of livestock-specific assemblages E in cattle in Turkey. The prevalence of assemblage A in cattle also reveals the importance of cattle for zoonotic transmission of giardiasis in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Onder
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mubeccel Okur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Delibası Kokcu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Yildirim A, Adanir R, Inci A, Yukari BA, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Simsek E. Prevalence and genotyping of bovine Cryptosporidium species in the Mediterranean and Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69:101425. [PMID: 31978845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in calves and heifers with relation to diarrhea from several herds was investigated in this study. Fecal samples were collected from 135 and 120 pre-weaned calves and 79 and 130 heifers raised in the Central Anatolia (CAR) and Mediterranean Regions (MR) of Turkey, respectively. A total of 86 post-weaned calves in CAR were also included in the study. For diagnostic comparison, all samples were examined by microscopic examination, SSU rRNA nested PCR and TaqMan real-time PCR for the presence of oocyst and Cryptosporidium DNA. In total, 102 (34.0 %) and 93 (37.2 %) of the examined samples from CAR and MR were found positive for Cryptosporidium DNA with both nested PCR and real-time PCR analyses, respectively with an overall prevalence of 35.5 %. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of microscopic examination were determined as 68.7 % and 100.0 % compared to molecular tools, respectively. RFLP and sequence analyses of the SSU rRNA from the PCR products revealed that 138 (70.8 %) out of 195 positive isolates were C. parvum further confirming the species-specific real-time PCR results. Among the remaining 57 (29.2 %) positive isolates, 30 (15.4 %) and 27 (13.8 %) were characterized as C. ryanae and C. bovis, respectively. C. parvum was the dominant species in pre-weaned calves especially with diarrhea while C. bovis and C. ryanae were mostly found in post-weaned calves and heifers. The sequence analyses of the gp60 gene of C. parvum isolates revealed two subtypes (IIaA13G2R1, IIaA14G1R1) belonging to zoonotic family IIa, with IIaA13G2R1 being the most common in diarrheic calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Yildirim
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Adanir
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Bayram Ali Yukari
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Science, Kayseri 38090, Turkey.
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Duzlu O, Yildirim A, Yetismis G, Onder Z, Simsek E, Ciloglu A, Demirpolat GS, Inci A. Development and field evaluation of a species-specific mt-COI targeted SYBR-Green Real Time PCR for detection and quantification of Haemonchus contortus in cattle in Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2019; 277:109020. [PMID: 31896019 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most important gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) infecting sheep, goats, and cattle worldwide. We developed a SYBR Green real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for detection and quantification of H. contortus by using specific primers based on a conserved region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mt-COI) gene, and evaluated this technique in the detection of H. contortus infections in cattle in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The newly developed qPCR assay successfully discriminated H. contortus from other GIN species infecting cattle in the specificity evaluations, with a specific melt peak of 77.5 °C. Our results revealed the efficient amplification of the proposed target COI region within the range of plasmid copies, from 2 × 106 to 2 × 101 per μl, with 96.9 % efficiency, R² value of 0.999, and a slope of -3.398. Among the 920 cattle fecal samples from the field, 58 samples (6.3 %) were positive with qPCR assay, whereas 45 samples (4.9 %) were positive, as determined by larval culture, suggesting the utility of SYBR Green qPCR. Phylogenetic characterization of the partial COI gene of H. contortus isolates was also evaluated for 100 eggs and third stage larvae recovered from positive cattle faecal samples, which were verified with the qPCR assay prior to analyses. COI sequences were classified into three haplotypes (THC1 to THC3) with intraspecific nucleotide differences of 0.50 to 0.76 %. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the haplotypes grouped with H. contortus isolates from several countries in a monophyletic cluster, with evidence of at least two main haplogroups. Overall, the SYBR Green qPCR assay was highly specific and sensitive, suggesting that it can be used for screening of H. contortus infections in livestock populations in epidemiological studies and the control of this important parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Onder Z, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Arslan MO, Sari B, Tasci GT, Ciloglu A, Aydin NP, Inci A, Adler PH. Molecular characterization of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in areas with pest outbreaks and simuliotoxicosis in Northeast Anatolia Region, Turkey. Acta Trop 2019; 199:105149. [PMID: 31422094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate species identification provides the foundation for successful pest management and vector control of black flies. Accordingly, we examined the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences of four morphologically and chromosomally identified species of black flies (Simulium vernumgroup sp., S. bergi Rubtsov, S. bezzii (Corti), and S. kiritshenkoi Rubtsov) in Northeast Anatolia Region of Turkey where simuliid pest problems and simuliotoxicosis cases have been reported among cattle. COI gene sequences of these species and closely related species available in GenBank were used to provide species-level diagnoses and infer relationships. Both subgenera (Nevermannia and Simulium) were monophyletic, and subclades generally corresponded with species groups. Intraspecific genetic divergence was 0.2-1.6%, whereas the mean interspecific genetic divergence among the four species was 11.2-14.5%. The COI analysis produced results congruent with morphological concepts of the nominal species S. bergi and S. bezzii. Probable misidentifications in GenBank were revealed, especially for species in the S. ornatum and S. vernum groups, complicating identification capability. Sequence variation in the COI barcode region also might not be adequate for species delineation and identification among some species in these two species groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Onder
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mukremin O Arslan
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kars, Turkey
| | - Baris Sari
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kars, Turkey
| | - Gencay T Tasci
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kars, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Abdullah Inci
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Inci A, Akin O, Ellidag HY, Eren E, Dolu S, Sari F. Fibulin Levels in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Relationship to Arterial Stiffness. Clin Lab 2019; 63:1869-1874. [PMID: 29226648 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2017.170617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate fibulin 1 levels in different stages of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and investigate possible connections between fibulin-1 and arterial stiffness. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we included 74 patients with ADPKD (mean age, 50.92 ± 15.70 years) and 32 healthy controls (mean age, 49.53 ± 7.32 years). Patients with ADPKD were classified based on CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation assessments of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Blood levels of fibulin 1 and creatinine levels were analyzed. We measured brachial artery PWV (baPWV), augmentation index (AIx), and pulse pressure (PP) for the assessment of arterial stiffness and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively). RESULTS Fibulin 1 was significantly higher in the patient group (p < 0.001). SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, and baPWV levels were also significantly higher in the patient group. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between fibulin 1 and creatinine (r = 0.377, p = 0.001). No significant correlation was found between the fibulin 1 levels and age, SBP, DBP, MAP, baPWV, and AIx. CONCLUSIONS Plasma concentrations of fibulin 1 increased in patients with ADPKD. Arterial stiffness measured by baPWV increased in patients with ADPKD, but it was not related to fibulin 1 levels.
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Demircan K, Onder Z, Duzlu O, Yildirim A, Okur M, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Inci A. First Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Zoonotic Giardia intestinalis in Horses in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 80:56-60. [PMID: 31443835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The goal of our study was to investigate the molecular prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in naturally infected horses in Kayseri, Central Anatolia Region in Turkey, to determine the molecular characterization of the obtained isolates and to exhibit the potential role of horses in zoonotic transmission of G. intestinalis. Fecal samples were randomly collected from totally 150 horses with clinically healthy between March and June of 2018. After the genomic DNA extractions, 25 (16.6%) of the 150 fecal samples, were found positive for G. intestinalis by nested PCR analyses of β-giardin gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the β-giardin gene sequences of G. intestinalis showed that the sequences detected in this study belonged to assemblage A that is regarded as zoonotic. Our study is the first report on the presence of G. intestinalis in horses in Turkey. The findings of the present study indicate that future research studies are required to determine molecular epidemiology and geographical distribution of G. intestinalis infections in horses nationwide. In addition, this study also may be helpful to assess the zoonotic potential for public health of G. intestinalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Demircan
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mubeccel Okur
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Duzlu O, Yildirim A, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Inci A. Prevalence and Genotyping of Microsporidian Parasites in Dogs in Turkey: Zoonotic Concerns. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:771-777. [PMID: 30849216 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are opportunistic pathogens that infect a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates. To assess the potential role of dogs in the transmission of these zoonotic pathogens, a total of 282 fecal samples from dogs in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey were analyzed by utilizing species specific polymerase chain reaction for the four most frequent human microsporidia. Two microsporidia species were recognized in 41 samples (14.5%). Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected in 35 samples (12.4%) and it was the most common microsporidium. The second microsporidium, E. cuniculi, was identified in six (2.1%) of the samples. Sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene revealed the presence of three E. intestinalis haplotypes closely associated with each other. No polymorphic region was found among the ITS sequences of E. cuniculi isolates and they were characterized as genotype III. This study provides the first data on the zoonotic microsporidia species from dogs in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.,Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
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Yildirim A, Dik B, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Inci A. Genetic diversity of Culicoides species within the Pulicaris complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Turkey inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Acta Trop 2019; 190:380-388. [PMID: 30553894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identification of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges to species has become important due to their potential role in the transmission of arboviruses such as bluetongue virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, African horse sickness virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and Schmallenberg virus. In several studies, molecular tools, used for the identification of biting midges, revealed the presence of cryptic and undescribed species especially within Pulicaris complex. The presence of cryptic species within species complexes raise questions about their role in viral disease transmission as there are apparent differences in the vectorial capacity between closely related species. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences of species within the Pulicaris complex present in Turkey and determined their phylogenetic relationships. Twenty-one haplotypes within the already described species C. pulicaris P1, C. lupicaris, C. lupicaris L2, C. newsteadi, C. newsteadi N1, C. punctatus, C. fagineus F2 and C. flavipulicaris were determined from the study areas. The molecular analysis revealed further two haplotypes belonging to new non-described cryptic species named as C. lupicaris L3 and Culicoides WBS corresponding to C. lupicaris and Fagineus complex which diverged by 17.9% to 25.7% and 18.7% to 31.8%, respectively from other species in the subgenus Culicoides. Genetic divergence within species was <2.0% and phylogenetic analyses of the COI dataset revealed 22 different monophyletic separate clades within two major cluster. The results of this study emphasize the applicability of COI sequences as a diagnostic marker for differentiating Culicoides species and revealing cryptic species.
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Onder Z, Inci A, Yildirim A, Ciloglu A, Duzlu O. Molecular Characterization of Myiasis-Causing Moth Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 42:223-228. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Simsek E, Yildirim A, Yilmaz E, Inci A, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Pekmezci GZ. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Clinostomidae) in freshwater fishes caught from Turkey. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2117-2124. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Inci A, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Seitz G, Adler PH. Genetic Diversity and Identification of Palearctic Black Flies in the Subgenus Wilhelmia (Diptera: Simuliidae). J Med Entomol 2017; 54:888-894. [PMID: 28399227 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate species identifications are the essential first step in understanding the medical, economic, and ecological importance of black flies. The utility of DNA barcoding based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences was evaluated for identifying six common species of Palearctic black flies in the subgenus Wilhelmia, including several that are virulent pests. Chromosomally identified larvae from Turkey and Germany and COI sequences in GenBank were analyzed. Intraspecific genetic divergence was 0.7-3.5% (mean 1.6%), whereas interspecific genetic divergence was 2.7-16.9%. On the basis of COI barcodes, the six nominal species of Simulium (Wilhelmia) were clustered in three distinct clades with high levels of genetic divergence, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. All specimens of Simulium equinum (L.), Simulium pseudequinum Séguy, and Simulium paraequinum Puri were correctly identified. However, >75% of identifications were ambiguous for Simulium lineatum (Meigen) and Simulium turgaicum Rubtsov (Meigen) because of overlapping intra- and interspecific divergence of the two species and Simulium balcanicum (Enderlein), all three of which are chromosomally similar and nearly isomorphic. Phylogenetic evaluation showed that S. balcanicum, S. equinum, S. pseudequinum, and S. paraequinum were monophyletic, with high bootstrap and posterior probability values, but it also showed that S. lineatum and S. turgaicum were paraphyletic, each clustering in two distinct groups, suggesting the presence of cryptic taxa. Although DNA barcoding provided a partial means of identification and indications of additional biodiversity, other molecular markers are needed to clarify the limits of all pest species of the subgenus Wilhelmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Inci
- Parasitology Department, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Parasitology Department, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Parasitology Department, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Parasitology Department, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Parasitology Department, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gunther Seitz
- District Government of Lower Bavaria, Regierungsplatz 540, 84028 Landshut, Germany
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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Abstract
The importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing all over the world, including Turkey. Global warming, environmental and ecological changes and the existence of suitable habitats increase the impact of ticks and result in frequent emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) with zoonotic characteristics. In Turkey, almost 19 TBDs have been reported in animals and men, involving four protozoa (babesiosis, theileriosis, cytauxzoonosis, hepatozoonosis), one filarial nematode (acanthocheilonemasis), ten bacterial agents (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, aegyptianellosis, tick-borne typhus, Candidatus Rickettsia vini, Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne relapsing fever [TBRF], tularaemia, bartonellosis, and hemoplasmosis), and four viral infections (tick-borne encephalitis [TBE], Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever [CCHF], louping-ill [LI], and lumpy skin disease [LSD]). The growing number of TBD cases, in particular the fatal viral epidemics in humans, have led to increased public awareness and concern against TBDs in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a new political concept, called the "One Health" initiative, which is especially relevant for developing strategies against tick infestations and TBD control in humans and animals. It would be beneficial for Turkey to adopt this new strategy and establish specific research and control programs in coordination with international organizations like WHO, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to combat TBDs based on the "One Health Initiative" concept. In this article, we review the occurrence of primary TBDs in man and animals in Turkey in light of the "One Health" perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Centre, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Centre, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Centre, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Doganay
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Centre, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Inci A, Sari F, Olmaz R, Coban M, Dolu S, Sarikaya M, Ellidag HY. Soluble Klotho levels in diabetic nephropathy: relationship with arterial stiffness. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3230-3237. [PMID: 27466997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study, we investigate the relationship between soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) levels, markers of bone mineral metabolism and arterial stiffness in 109 diabetic nephropathy patients (median age 61.00± 9.77 years) and 32 healthy controls (median age 49.23 ± 7.32 years). PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of s-Klotho, and FGF23, serum creatinine, Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25hD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressure were also measured using a combined monitor. RESULTS s-Klotho, FGF23 and PTH levels were significantly higher and 25hD was significantly lower in the patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and PWV were also significantly higher in the patients (p < 0.001). s-Klotho, FGF23 and 25hD levels significantly varied between sub-groups according to CKD stages, defined according to the CKD epidemiology collaboration equation. A strong positive correlation was found between s-Klotho and FGF23 (r = 0.768, p = 0.001) levels, but not with other bone mineral metabolism, blood pressure or arterial stiffness parameters. Creatinine levels significantly differed (p = 0.009) between three s-Klotho-level sub-groups, with the high creatinine levels in the sub-group with the lowest s-Klotho levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). CONCLUSIONS There was no correlation between eGFR and s-Klotho levels. Arterial stiffness increased in CKD but was not related to s-Klotho or FGF23 levels. Among all parameters, FGF23 levels had the greatest effect on s-Klotho levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Inci
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Inci A, Olmaz R, Sarı F, Coban M, Ellidag HY, Sarıkaya M. Increased oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and its relationship with soluble Klotho levels. Hippokratia 2016; 20:198-203. [PMID: 29097885 PMCID: PMC5654436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we aimed to assess the relationship between the levels of soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) and oxidative stress markers in diabetic nephropathy patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and albuminuria levels. METHODS We enrolled 109 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 61.63 ± 9.77 years) and 32 healthy controls (mean age, 49.53 ± 7.32 years) between January and June 2014. Patients were classified into three groups based on their urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of s-Klotho, serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). We used the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and ischemia-modified albumin ratio (IMAR) values to measure the oxidative status. Moreover, the oxidative stress index (OSI) was estimated as the percentage ratio of TOS/TAS values. RESULTS The TOS, TAS, and OSI values were significantly greater in the diabetic nephropathy patients compared to controls (p <0.001). When patients were classified based on their UACR, we noted that the TOS, OSI, and IMA values did not significantly differ, although the TAS (p <0.001), and IMAR (p =0.002) values significantly differed between the groups. The s-Klotho levels also significantly differed (p =0.031) between the groups. These s-Klotho levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with TOS (r =0.186, p =0.034) and OSI (r =0.207 p =0.018), but showed no correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR; HbA1c, calcium, phosphorus, and PTH levels; and TAS, IMA, and IMAR values. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress is greater in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and the TOS was positively correlated with s-Klotho levels in diabetic patients. The therapeutic reduction of oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy could improve the renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Hippokratia 2016, 20(3): 198-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Inci
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - R Olmaz
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - F Sarı
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Coban
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - H Y Ellidag
- Division of Biochemistry, Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Sarıkaya
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Adler PH, Yildirim A, Onder Z, Tasci GT, Duzlu O, Arslan MO, Ciloglu A, Sari B, Parmaksizoglu N, Inci A. Rearrangement hotspots in the sex chromosome of the Palearctic black fly Simulium bergi (Diptera, Simuliidae). Comp Cytogenet 2016; 10:295-310. [PMID: 27551350 PMCID: PMC4977804 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i2.8855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An extreme example of nonrandom rearrangements, especially inversion breaks, is described in the polytene chromosomes of the black fly Simulium bergi Rubtsov, 1956 from Armenia and Turkey. A total of 48 rearrangements was discovered, relative to the standard banding sequence for the subgenus Simulium Latreille, 1802. One rearrangement, an inversion (IIS-C) in the short arm of the second chromosome, was fixed. Six (12.5%) of the rearrangements were autosomal polymorphisms, and the remaining 41 (85.4%) were sex linked. More than 40 X- and Y-linked rearrangements, predominantly inversions, were clustered in the long arm of the second chromosome (IIL), representing about 15% of the total complement. The pattern conforms to a nonrandom model of chromosome breakage, perhaps associated with an underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Adler
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 130 McGinty Court, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310 USA
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - G. Taskin Tasci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - M. Ozkan Arslan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Baris Sari
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Parmaksizoglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ciloglu A, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Dogan Z, Inci A. Investigation of avian haemosporidian parasites from raptor birds in Turkey, with molecular characterisation and microscopic confirmation. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2016; 63. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2016.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Duzlu O, Yildirim A, Inci A, Gumussoy KS, Ciloglu A, Onder Z. Molecular Investigation ofFrancisella-Like Endosymbiont in Ticks andFrancisella tularensisin Ixodid Ticks and Mosquitoes in Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:26-32. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kadir Semih Gumussoy
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kizilarslan F, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Inci A, Onder Z, Ciloglu A. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Adler PH, Inci A, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, McCreadie JW, Kúdela M, Khazeni A, Brúderová T, Seitz G, Takaoka H, Otsuka Y, Bass J. Are black flies of the subgenusWilhelmia(Diptera: Simuliidae) multiple species or a single geographical generalist? Insights from the macrogenome. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Adler
- Entomology Program; Clemson University; Clemson SC 29634-0310 USA
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - John W. McCreadie
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of South Alabama; Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | - Matúš Kúdela
- Department of Zoology; Comenius University; SK 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Atefeh Khazeni
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan 73461-81746 Iran
| | - Tatiana Brúderová
- Department of Zoology; Comenius University; SK 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Gunther Seitz
- District Government of Lower Bavaria; Regierungsplatz 540 84028 Landshut Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yasushi Otsuka
- Research Center for Pacific Islands; Kagoshima University; Korimoto 1-21-24 Kagoshima 890-8580 Japan
| | - Jon Bass
- The Wessex Chalk Stream and Rivers Trust; Kimbridge SO51 0LE UK
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Sariozkan S, Inci A, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Gray EW, Adler PH. Economic Losses During an Outbreak of Simulium (Wilhelmia) Species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Cappadocia Region of Turkey. urkiyeParazitolDerg 2014; 38:116-9. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2014.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sen M, Yıldırım A, Bişkin Z, Düzlü O, Inci A. [The investigation of fasciolosis in cattle by copro-ELISA and stool examination techniques around the Derinkuyu region]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011; 35:81-5. [PMID: 21776592 DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2011.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was carried out between September 2008 and June 2009 to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle in Derinkuyu district of Nevşehir. METHODS Fecal samples from 198 cattle were technically collected and examined by sedimentation-zinc sulphate flotation technique. Modified McMaster sedimentation technique was applied to the egg positive samples to determine the EPG values. F. hepatica coproantigens in samples were investigated by ELISA. RESULTS The coprological and antigen ELISA prevalence of fasciolosis were determined as 2.02% and 3.03%, respectively. The mean EPG value in infected cattle was found as 75±22.9. The prevalence of other parasites, Trichostrongylus spp., Eimeria spp., Nematodirus spp., Moniezia spp., Toxocara vitulorum and Ostertagia spp. were determined as 28.3%, 12.6%, 1.5%, 1.0%, 1.0% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of fasciolosis was observed to be higher in the > 3 age group (3.2%) than ≤3 age group (2.9%), however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence in female and male cattle was found as 3.4% and 4.8% This difference also was not found statistically significant (p > 0.05). The highest prevalence was observed in Fresian with the ratio of 3.5% and this was followed by 2.8% in Rubia Gallega and 2.4% in Brown Swiss. The differences among breeds were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence and prevalence of fasciolosis was revealed with this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sen
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye, Turkey
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Yukarı BA, Nalbantoğlu S, Karaer Z, Inci A, Eren H, Sayın F. [Some biological features of Hyalomma marginatum in the laboratory]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011; 35:40-2. [PMID: 21618191 DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2011.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study has been planned to investigate some biological features of Hyalomma marginatum, which is one of the important vectors in the world and in our country. METHODS The study started with the adult H. marginatum which were collected from cattle in the field and attempts were made for these to be adapted to the laboratory by breeding in the laboratory throughout a generation. Unfed adult ticks and unfed larvae were bred on the rabbit ear while unfed nymphs were bred on the calf ear. The biologic development stages of this tick kind, except for sucking blood stage, passed in an incubator which was at a temperature of 28°C and 85% relative humidity, while the unfed active stages passed in an incubator which was at 18°C and 85% relative humidity to conserve for a long time. RESULTS Unfed females on rabbits were full and fell in approximately 15 days, began to ovulate 20.5 days later and ovulated for 16 days. The larvae which hatched out approximately 29 days later became active in 8.5 days. These larvae sucked blood from rabbits for 14.5 days and abandoned these animals as full nymphs. Unfed adult ticks, which existed as a result of these nymphs casting off their skin in approximately 26 days, became active by completing their cutinization in approximately 10 days. CONCLUSION At the end of the study, it was determined that H. marginatum showed 2 different behaviors in rabbits. According to this, the total life cycle in the laboratory environment changed by between 97 and 182 days and lasted approximately 138.5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Ali Yukarı
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Burdur, Turkey.
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Avcioglu H, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Inci A, Terim KK, Balkaya I. Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine coenurosis from Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yildirim A, Inci A, Duzlu O, Biskin Z, Ica A, Sahin I. Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens as the potential vectors of Dirofilaria immitis in Central Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2010; 178:143-7. [PMID: 21232866 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the potential vectors and relative mosquito infection rates of Dirofilaria immitis throughout two mosquito seasons (2008-2009) in Kayseri province where is located in Central Anatolian part of Turkey. For this aim, totally 1198 genomic DNA pools, extracted and grouped according to the species and collection site (1-17 specimens/pool) from 6153 mosquito specimens, were examined by PCR using species-specific primers for D. immitis. The captured mosquitoes from 46 focuses were survived under in vitro conditions for 7 days to allow the development of larval stages of D. immitis. DNA extraction was performed individually to both thorax-head and abdomens in order to determine infective and infected mosquito specimens, respectively. The most abundant mosquito species in the study area was determined as Ae. vexans (51.7%) and this was followed by Cx. pipiens (42.1%), Cx. theileri (3.1%), Cs. annulata (1.5%), An. maculipennis (1.0%) and Cx. hortensis (0.6%). The PCR results indicated that 9/312 and 12/312 pools from Ae. vexans abdomens and thorax-heads were positive for filarial DNAs, respectively where as 3/241 pools of each abdomens and thorax-heads from Cx. pipiens were positive for D. immitis DNAs. The minimum infection rates (MIRs) for Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens were calculated as 0.41 and 0.12, respectively. Although D. immitis DNA's were found in both pools from Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens, the calculated MIRs provide evidence that Ae. vexans could be the main potential vector of D. immitis in Kayseri.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yildirim
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri 38090, Turkey.
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Iça A, Inci A, Yildirim A, Atalay O, Düzlü O. [Investigation of canine leishmaniosis by nested-PCR in Kayseri and vicinity]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2008; 32:187-191. [PMID: 18985568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by Leishmania spp. is a zoonotic protozoon disease. It is widespread in most parts of the world including the Mediterranean basin. The present study was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of CanL in dogs in Kayseri and vicinity by nested-PCR. A total of 300 asymptomatic dogs were sampled randomly. Blood samples taken from the vena cephalica antebrachii were collected into tubes containing EDTA. Furthermore, lymph samples were taken from 14 dogs while bone marrow, spleen and liver biopsies were taken from three dogs. The DNA's obtained from these samples were examined for the presence of Leishmania spp. by nested-PCR which amplified the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssr RNA) gene. According to the results of the nested-PCR, none of the 300 dogs were Leishmania spp. DNA positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Iça
- Erciyes Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dali, Turkey.
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Yildirim A, Güneş V, Iça A, Sariözkan S, Düzlü O, Inci A, Albasan H. [The investigation of short term efficiency of oxfendazole + oxyclozanide paste and tablet formulations against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2008; 32:134-138. [PMID: 18645944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tablet and paste formulations of Oxfendazole and Oxyclozanide combinations against subclinical gastrointestinal nematode infections and to compare the advantages and/or disadvantages of their use. Seventy-five infected sheep were selected from an enterprise located in Kayseri in 2006. The sheep were divided into 3 equal groups as paste, tablet and control groups. Fecal samples were collected from each group before drug administration. While the paste and tablet groups were administered drugs orally, no drugs were given to the controls. Fecal samples were collected on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after drug application and the EPG values were determined. The parasitological examination revealed that the most prevalent species was Ostertagia spp., followed by Nematodirus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. While the mean EPG value of the control group increased up to a ratio of 7.8% at day 28, the mean EPG values of drug groups decreased to 0%. Although the unit dose of paste formulation is more expensive, it was found that it could be an alternative to tablet formulation and has some advantages such as being easier to give, effective utilizing, shorter application period, fewer complications and death risk, no application failure and requires fewer personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Yildirim
- Erciyes Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dali, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Inci A, Ica A, Yildirim A, Vatansever Z, Cakmak A, Albasan H, Cam Y, Atasever A, Sariozkan S, Duzlu O. Economical impact of tropical theileriosis in the Cappadocia region of Turkey. Parasitol Res 2007; 101 Suppl 2:S171-4. [PMID: 17823822 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was initiated to investigate the economical impact of vaccination against tropical theileriosis in cattle in Cappadocia in Turkey. A total of 554 vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals were monitored for Theileria annulata infection using microscopic examination serology by measuring the antibody response of the animals by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence of T. annulata infection, morbidity and mortality were significantly higher in unvaccinated than in vaccinated cattle, whereas the seropositivity was significantly lower in the unvaccinated group. Acute tropical theileriosis cases were diagnosed in 156 of 554 (27.61%) cattle, and 86 of 156 (56.21%) died from the disease. The total economic losses because of tropical theileriosis were estimated at US $598,133 for 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Inci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erciyes University, Baris Manco Cad No 1, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the status of tick infestation of cattle in the Kayseri region in Turkey. Eight hundred and sixty-six cattle and their barns in 12 localities were examined during the period of June 2000-November 2001, where 188 (21.7%) of which were infested by ticks. A total of 1,585 ticks consisting of Rhipicephalus turanicus (2.27%), R. bursa (2.14%), R. sanguineus (0.94%), Hyalomma marginatum (17.16%), H. anatolicum excavatum (24.73%), H. a. anatolicum (19.62%), Dermacentor niveus (1%), Boophilus annulatus (16.71%), Ornithodorus lahorensis (0.25%), Hyalomma sp. nymphs (7.31%), and Boophilus annulatus nymphs (7.82%) were collected. Seasonal fluctuation of ticks was also determined in this region. Rhipicephalus species were generally found in spring, others like Hyalomma in late spring, summer, and early autumn, B. annulatus in September, October, and December, D. niveus in December, January, and February, and O. lahorensis in December. Immature forms (nymphs) of Hyalomma species were found in summer and autumn, while B. annulatus nymphs were observed in October, November, and December.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Ica
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Ica A, Vatansever Z, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Inci A. Detection of Theileria and Babesia species in ticks collected from cattle. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:156-60. [PMID: 17614205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to detect tick species that infest cattle, and Theileria and Babesia species transmitted by these ticks in Kayseri province (Turkey). A total of 300 cattle were examined for tick infestations. Of the 300 cattle, 117 (39%) were infested with ticks. A total of 1160 ticks belonging to 11 Ixodid genera were collected from the infested animals and their shelters. The most prevalent tick species was Boophilus annulatus 26.37% (306/1160) followed by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum 21.12% (245/1160) and Rhipicephalus turanicus 18.7% (217/1160). The collected ticks were separated into 43 tick pools, according to their species. These pools were examined for bovine Theileria and Babesia species (Theileria sp., Babesia sp., Theileria annulata, T. buffeli/orientalis, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and B. divergens) by using the reverse line blotting method (RLB). Of the 43 tick pools examined, 6 (14%) were infected with B. bigemina, 4 (9.3%) with T. annulata, and 1 (2.3%) with Babesia sp., whereas 1 (2.3%) displayed mixed infection with T. annulata + B. bigemina. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses of Babesia sp., which could not be identified to the species level by RLB, were performed. In the phylogenetic tree, Babesia sp. (Kayseri 1) grouped with Babesia sp. (Kashi 2), Babesia sp. (Kashi 1), Babesia sp. (Xinjiang) and B. orientalis with 96.8-100% identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ica
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38090 Kayseri, Turkey.
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Yildirim A, Ica A, Atalay O, Duzlu O, Inci A. Prevalence and epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Kayseri Province, Turkey. Res Vet Sci 2007; 82:358-63. [PMID: 17064741 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection and to investigate the risk factors related to heartworm disease in dogs from Kayseri, Turkey. Blood samples were collected from 280 dogs from May 2005 to March 2006 and were examined by membrane filtration-acid phosphatase histochemical staining and antigen Elisa techniques to detect circulating microfilariae and antigens of D. immitis, respectively. Of the total of 280 dogs, 27 were positive for D. immitis with a prevalence value of 9.6%. In addition 29.6% of positive dogs determined to have occult D. immitis infections. D. immitis was the only canine filarial parasite present in the study area. The mean number of microfilariae in infected dogs was 4730+/-5479 per ml of blood. The highest heartworm prevalence were observed in 7-10 age group (28.6%) followed by 4-6 (17.1%) and 0.5-3 (4.8%) age groups. The differences between 0.5-3 and other age groups were found significant, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between 4-6 and 7-10 age groups. The infection was more prevalent in males, larger breeds and the dogs not on prophylaxis. No statistically significant difference was observed between stray and owned dogs. Our results suggest that heartworm treatment and prophylaxis should be considered in Kayseri Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yildirim
- Erciyes University, Department of Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Yildirim A, Iça A, Düzlü O, Inci A. [Statistical analyses of different staining methods for viability assessment in cystic echinococcosis]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2007; 31:105-8. [PMID: 17594648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The viability assessment in cystic echinococcosis is important for in vitro and in vivo studies and also drug experiments. Several vital and avital stains like neutral red, methylene blue, eosin, Papanicolao, Giemsa, Ziehl-Neelsen, toluidine blue and trypan blue have been used to assess viability of protoscolexes in fertile cysts. In this study, the viability of 10 different fertile cysts were analyzed by trypan blue, eosin and methylene blue staining techniques which have been used frequently in recent years. A total of 2000 protoscolexes per hydatid cyst were examined by all three staining techniques. The obtained results were analyzed statistically by the one-way ANOVA test. The mean numbers of viable protoscolexes in examined cysts according to trypan blue, methylene blue and eosin staining techniques were 1430+/-172.9 (1150-1709), 1376.4+/-101.1 (1169-1521) and 1342+/-147.9 (1119-1608), respectively. The highest viability rate was determined with the trypan blue staining technique (71.5%), followed by 68.8% with methylene blue and 67.1% with eosin. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed among the staining techniques. As a result, it was found that all three staining methods have similar results in viability assessment of hydatid cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Yildirim
- Erciyes Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dali, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Iça A, Yildirim A, Düzlü O, Inci A. [Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in cattle in the region of Kayseri]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2006; 30:92-4. [PMID: 17124655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out in order to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in cattle in the region of Kayseri. Blood samples were collected from 186 cattle and sera were obtained from these samples. Sera samples were analyzed for antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) kit. According to the ELISA test results, seroprevalence of N. caninum in the region of Kayseri was found to be 7%. Three of 9 aborting cows (33.3%) were found to be seropositive. The seropositivity differences between aborting and non-aborting cows were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Iça
- Erciyes Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dali, Kayseri.
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Sayin F, Dinçer S, Karaer Z, Cakmak A, Inci A, Yukari BA, Eren H, Vatansever Z, Nalbantoglu S. Studies on the epidemiology of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection) in cattle in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2004; 35:521-39. [PMID: 14690090 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027348708038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological survey for Theileria annulata infection was conducted in 12 selected villages around Ankara in Central Anatolia, Turkey, during the period April 1990 to January 1993. During the survey, 198 cattle of 30 local breeds, 84 Holstein-Friesian x local breeds and 84 Holstein-Friesian breed were examined for antibodies to T. annulata and the presence of the vector ticks. Four species of Hyalomma ticks were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavtum, Hyalomma detritum and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Salivary gland staining indicated that infected adult ticks of all four species were present and, therefore, were implicated in the transmission of tropical theileriosis in the field. Generally, the Hyalomma infestation rate was low, with the heaviest infestations occurring on the older animals. Young adults and calves had very low infestation rates. Most ticks seen on cattle were adults, very few nymphs were found. The blood smear and serological examination of the 198 cattle conducted in March, before the start of the first disease season, showed that the prevalence of piroplasmosis was 11.1% (22 out of 198) and the seroprevalence of T. annulata was 10.6% (21 out of 198). Forty-three animals were then excluded from the study because they were seropositive and/or harboured piroplasms. Ninety-two seronegative animals showed piroplasmosis (92 out of 155) and 34 seronegative animals became seropositive for T. annulata (34 out of 155) during the three disease seasons. One animal became clinically ill with tropical theileriosis and required treatment. The incidence of cattle showing piroplasmosis and disease in the total study sample was 50.7% and 0.5% per disease season, respectively. The seroconversion rate of new infection with T. annulata in the total study was 14.3% per animal season. The number of cattle showing piroplasmosis was much greater than the number of seropositive cattle, which may indicate the presence of another species of Theileria. The two different management systems encountered in the study were considered to have influenced the tick infestation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sayin
- Department of Protozoology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
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Sayin F, Karaer Z, Dincer S, Cakmak A, Inci A, Yukari BA, Eren H, Vatansever Z, Nalbantoglu S, Melrose TR. A comparison of susceptibilities to infection of four species of Hyalomma ticks with Theileria annulata. Vet Parasitol 2003; 113:115-21. [PMID: 12695036 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this comparative study unfed nymphs of four Hyalomma tick species (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma detritum and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum) were allowed to engorge on calves experimentally infected with Theileria annulata. The infection prevalence in the salivary glands of the adult female and male ticks of each Hyalomma species used in the study were assessed. The infection prevalence with T. annulata was high and did not vary markedly in the four Hyalomma tick species. The mean number of infected acini per tick in female and male ticks was different with female ticks having higher numbers of infected acini than the male ticks. The sex difference was more significant between H.a. anatolicum and H.a. excavatum than between H. detritum and H.m. marginatum. This study clarifies the roles of four Hyalomma tick species, and their sex, in the development of T. annulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sayin
- Department of Protozoology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
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