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Nezhybová V, Reichard M, Methling C, Ondračková M. Limited impacts of chronic eye fluke infection on the reproductive success of a fish host. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParasitic infections may affect the reproductive success of the host either directly, through behavioural modification, or indirectly, by altering their reproductive investment in response to infection. We determined the effects of infection with the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda) on the reproductive traits of European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus, Cyprinidae), an intermediate fish host with a resource-based mating system. Male bitterling infected by Diplostomum exhibited a larger but less pronounced red eye spot (sexually selected signal) than control males, suggesting that infected males were less preferred by females. The frequency of female ovulation and number of offspring were comparable between the infected and the control group, although there was a 1–2 week delay in the peak of ovulation and offspring production in infected fish, which is known to coincide with higher juvenile mortality. Chronic eye fluke infection had minimal metabolic costs (measured as oxygen consumption) and, consistent with these results, reproductive activity did not differ between infected and control fish in an experimental test of intersexual selection. Overall, the impact of eye fluke infection on the reproduction of European bitterling was limited. We consider the potential effect of favourable conditions during experiments (abundant food, access to spawning substrate and lack of predators and co-infections) on experimental outcomes and recognize that the effects of chronic eye fluke infection in natural conditions might be more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Nezhybová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline Methling
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Ondračková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fedorčák J, Šmiga Ľ, Kutsokon I, Kolarčik V, Koščová L, Oros M, Koščo J. Parasitic infection of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969 by zoonotic metacercariae Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1677-1685. [PMID: 31609003 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An infection of zoonotic Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae with potential human transmission was recorded close to fish farms in the Tisa River Basin of Slovakia and Ukraine. The prevalence varied from 19.4% to 81.3%, and the intensity of infection varied from 7 to 41. The results of a generalized linear model predicted a positive trend for the Cobitis elongatoides host and a standard length and intensity of infection, with females having a higher number of parasites. However, no significant impact was found of the intensity of infection on Clark's condition of the host. The metacercariae were primarily located in the anterior part of the host's body. Our study also showed significant evidence that water velocity affects the number of C. complanatum metacercariae, regardless of the host's (Cobitis) microhabitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fedorčák
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Šmiga
- Institute for Rearing and Diseases of Game and Fish, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Iuliia Kutsokon
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Vladislav Kolarčik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koščová
- Institute for Rearing and Diseases of Game and Fish, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Koščo
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
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Lynsdale CL, Mumby HS, Hayward AD, Mar KU, Lummaa V. Parasite-associated mortality in a long-lived mammal: Variation with host age, sex, and reproduction. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10904-10915. [PMID: 29299268 PMCID: PMC5743535 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites can cause severe host morbidity and threaten survival. As parasites are generally aggregated within certain host demographics, they are likely to affect a small proportion of the entire population, with specific hosts being at particular risk. However, little is known as to whether increased host mortality from parasitic causes is experienced by specific host demographics. Outside of theoretical studies, there is a paucity of literature concerning dynamics of parasite-associated host mortality. Empirical evidence mainly focuses on short-lived hosts or model systems, with data lacking from long-lived wild or semi-wild vertebrate populations. We investigated parasite-associated mortality utilizing a multigenerational database of mortality, health, and reproductive data for over 4,000 semi-captive timber elephants (Elephas maximus), with known causes of death for mortality events. We determined variation in mortality according to a number of host traits that are commonly associated with variation in parasitism within mammals: age, sex, and reproductive investment in females. We found that potentially parasite-associated mortality varied significantly across elephant ages, with individuals at extremes of lifespan (young and old) at highest risk. Mortality probability was significantly higher for males across all ages. Female reproducers experienced a lower probability of potentially parasite-associated mortality than females who did not reproduce at any investigated time frame. Our results demonstrate increased potentially parasite-associated mortality within particular demographic groups. These groups (males, juveniles, elderly adults) have been identified in other studies as susceptible to parasitism, stressing the need for further work investigating links between infection and mortality. Furthermore, we show variation between reproductive and non-reproductive females, with mothers being less at risk of potentially parasite mortality than nonreproducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L. Lynsdale
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Hannah S. Mumby
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Environmental SciencesApplied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research UnitUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Adam D. Hayward
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Khyne U. Mar
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Slavík O, Horký P, Douda K, Velíšek J, Kolářová J, Lepič P. Parasite-induced increases in the energy costs of movement of host freshwater fish. Physiol Behav 2017; 171:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Phang SC, Stillman RA, Cucherousset J, Britton JR, Roberts D, Beaumont WRC, Gozlan RE. FishMORPH - An agent-based model to predict salmonid growth and distribution responses under natural and low flows. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29414. [PMID: 27431787 PMCID: PMC4949470 DOI: 10.1038/srep29414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting fish responses to modified flow regimes is becoming central to fisheries management. In this study we present an agent-based model (ABM) to predict the growth and distribution of young-of-the-year (YOY) and one-year-old (1+) Atlantic salmon and brown trout in response to flow change during summer. A field study of a real population during both natural and low flow conditions provided the simulation environment and validation patterns. Virtual fish were realistic both in terms of bioenergetics and feeding. We tested alternative movement rules to replicate observed patterns of body mass, growth rates, stretch distribution and patch occupancy patterns. Notably, there was no calibration of the model. Virtual fish prioritising consumption rates before predator avoidance replicated observed growth and distribution patterns better than a purely maximising consumption rule. Stream conditions of low predation and harsh winters provide ecological justification for the selection of this behaviour during summer months. Overall, the model was able to predict distribution and growth patterns well across both natural and low flow regimes. The model can be used to support management of salmonids by predicting population responses to predicted flow impacts and associated habitat change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Phang
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - R. A. Stillman
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - J. Cucherousset
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique); 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS; UMR5174 EDB, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J. R. Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - D. Roberts
- Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon & Trout Research Centre, East Stoke, Dorset, UK
| | - W. R. C. Beaumont
- Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon & Trout Research Centre, East Stoke, Dorset, UK
| | - R. E. Gozlan
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR BOREA IRD-MNHN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 47 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 5, France
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Michálková V, Ondračková M. Experimental evidence for parasite-induced over-winter mortality in juvenile Rhodeus amarus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:1377-1388. [PMID: 24773537 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda) infection on over-winter survival of young-of-the-year (YOY) European bitterling Rhodeus amarus (Cyprinidae) were examined between September 2010 and April 2011. The fish were reared in semi-natural conditions to ensure that results were not confounded by other parasite infections. The cumulative mortality of R. amarus from November until April was significantly higher in D. pseudospathaceum-infected fish (57·3%) compared to controls (42·1%). Infection of the parental generation did not have any effect on the mortality of juveniles. The results indicate that D. pseudospathaceum infection increases over-winter mortality of YOY R. amarus. The possible mechanisms causing mortality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michálková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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