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Border SE, Piefke TJ, Funnell TR, Fialkowski RF, Sawecki J, Dijkstra PD. Social instability influences rank-specific patterns of oxidative stress in a cichlid fish. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272109. [PMID: 34495308 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In many animal societies, dominant individuals have priority access to resources. However, defending high rank can be costly, especially in unstable social hierarchies where there is more intense competition. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential cost of social dominance, but few studies have examined this cost in relation to social stability. We studied the cost of social dominance in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni by manipulating social stability among males in replicate naturalistic communities for 22 weeks. We found that our social stability treatment influenced status-specific patterns in 3 out of 6 measurements of oxidative stress. Specifically, dominant males experienced increased plasma oxidative damage (measured as reactive oxygen metabolites, ROMs) compared with subordinate males in stable hierarchies only. Subordinate males in unstable hierarchies had higher ROMs than their stable community counterparts, but we found no effect of social stability treatment for dominant males. However, dominant males tended to have reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the liver when compared with subordinate males in unstable hierarchies, suggesting that the cost of social dominance is higher in unstable hierarchies. There were no effects of status and treatment on gonad TAC, muscle TAC or oxidative DNA damage. We conclude that the stability of the social environment influences the relative cost of social dominance in a tissue- and marker-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana E Border
- Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Taylor J Piefke
- Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Tyler R Funnell
- Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert F Fialkowski
- Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Jacob Sawecki
- Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter D Dijkstra
- Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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Social rank, color morph, and social network metrics predict oxidative stress in a cichlid fish. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Mathot KJ, Dingemanse NJ, Nakagawa S. The covariance between metabolic rate and behaviour varies across behaviours and thermal types: meta‐analytic insights. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:1056-1074. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J. Mathot
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Ecology, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta CW405 Biological Sciences Building, T6G 2E9 Edmonton Alberta Canada
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University 1790 AB, den Burg, Texel The Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology, Department Biology IILudwig‐Maximilians University of Munich Grosshadener Strasse 2, DE‐82152, Planegg‐Martinsried, Munich Germany
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney New South Wales 2010 Australia
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Metcalfe NB, Van Leeuwen TE, Killen SS. Does individual variation in metabolic phenotype predict fish behaviour and performance? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:298-321. [PMID: 26577442 PMCID: PMC4991269 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in documenting and explaining the existence of marked intraspecific variation in metabolic rate in animals, with fishes providing some of the best-studied examples. After accounting for variation due to other factors, there can typically be a two to three-fold variation among individual fishes for both standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR). This variation is reasonably consistent over time (provided that conditions remain stable), and its underlying causes may be influenced by both genes and developmental conditions. In this paper, current knowledge of the extent and causes of individual variation in SMR, MMR and aerobic scope (AS), collectively its metabolic phenotype, is reviewed and potential links among metabolism, behaviour and performance are described. Intraspecific variation in metabolism has been found to be related to other traits: fishes with a relatively high SMR tend to be more dominant and grow faster in high food environments, but may lose their advantage and are more prone to risk-taking when conditions deteriorate. In contrast to the wide body of research examining links between SMR and behavioural traits, very little work has been directed towards understanding the ecological consequences of individual variation in MMR and AS. Although AS can differ among populations of the same species in response to performance demands, virtually nothing is known about the effects of AS on individual behaviours such as those associated with foraging or predator avoidance. Further, while factors such as food availability, temperature, hypoxia and the fish's social environment are known to alter resting and MMRs in fishes, there is a paucity of studies examining how these effects vary among individuals, and how this variation relates to behaviour. Given the observed links between metabolism and measures of performance, understanding the metabolic responses of individuals to changing environments will be a key area for future research because the environment will have a strong influence on which animals survive predation, become dominant and ultimately have the highest reproductive success. Although current evidence suggests that variation in SMR may be maintained within populations via context-dependent fitness benefits, it is suggested that a more integrative approach is now required to fully understand how the environment can modulate individual performance via effects on metabolic phenotypes encompassing SMR, MMR and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - T E Van Leeuwen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment (SCENE), University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Loch Lomond, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - S S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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Dijkstra PD, Pierotti ME, Seehausen O, Metcalfe NB. Metabolism, oxidative stress and territorial behaviour in a female colour polymorphic cichlid fish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Odreitz U, Sefc KM. Territorial competition and the evolutionary loss of sexual size dimorphism. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015; 69:593-601. [PMID: 25798023 PMCID: PMC4359285 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-sexual social selection can underlie the evolution of sexually monomorphic phenotypes. A causal relationship between territorial competition and sexual monomorphism predicts that male and female competitors should employ similar contest behavior and that contest outcome should depend on the same traits in males and females. We test this prediction in a sexually monomorphic cichlid fish of the genus Tropheus, in which males and females defend individual feeding territories. Lineages basal to Tropheus are sexually dimorphic and have non-territorial females, suggesting that a switch to female territoriality and loss of sexual dimorphism occurred in the Tropheus lineage. We compare rates of agonistic behavior and the effects of body size asymmetries on competitive success between male-male and female-female contests in an experimental setup. Body size asymmetry had the same effect in male and female contests, being negatively correlated with contest duration and positively correlated with the probability of winning. Male and female winners employed the same rates of frontal and lateral displays as well as charges against their opponents. Contest duration was longer in females. In tied contests, females displayed more than males. Our data suggest that intraspecific contest competition for territories selects for large body size in both sexes and support a link between the evolution of female territoriality and the loss of sexual size dimorphism in Tropheus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Odreitz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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