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Loonen AJM. The putative role of the habenula in animal migration. Physiol Behav 2024; 286:114668. [PMID: 39151652 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When an addicted animal seeks a specific substance, it is based on the perception of internal and external cues that strongly motivate to pursue the acquisition of that compound. In essence, a similar process acts out when an animal leaves its present area to begin its circannual migration. This review article examines the existence of scientific evidence for possible relatedness of migration and addiction by influencing Dorsal Diencephalic Conduction System (DDCS) including the habenula. METHODS For this review especially the databases of Pubmed and Embase were frequently and non-systematically searched. RESULTS The mechanisms of bird migration have been thoroughly investigated. Especially the mechanism of the circannual biorhythm and its associated endocrine regulation has been well elucidated. A typical behavior called "Zugunruhe" marks the moment of leaving in migratory birds. The role of magnetoreception in navigation has also been clarified in recent years. However, how bird migration is regulated at the neuronal level in the forebrain is not well understood. Among mammals, marine mammals are most similar to birds. They use terrestrial magnetic field when navigating and often bridge long distances between breeding and foraging areas. Population migration is further often seen among the large hoofed mammals in different parts of the world. Importantly, learning processes and social interactions with conspecifics play a major role in these ungulates. Considering the evolutionary development of the forebrain in vertebrates, it can be postulated that the DDCS plays a central role in regulating the readiness and intensity of essential (emotional) behaviors. There is manifold evidence that this DDCS plays an important role in relapse to abuse after prolonged periods of abstinence from addictive behavior. It is also possible that the DDCS plays a role in navigation. CONCLUSIONS The role of the DDCS in the neurobiological regulation of bird migration has hardly been investigated. The involvement of this system in relapse to addiction in mammals might suggest to change this. It is recommended that particularly during "Zugunruhe" the role of neuronal regulation via the DDCS will be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Loonen
- Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Lilly J, Honkanen HH, Rodger JR, Del Villar D, Boylan P, Green A, Pereiro D, Wilkie L, Kennedy R, Barkley A, Rosell R, Maoiléidigh NÓ, O'Neill R, Waters C, Cotter D, Bailey D, Roche W, McGill R, Barry J, Beck SV, Henderson J, Parke D, Whoriskey FG, Shields B, Ramsden P, Walton S, Fletcher M, Whelan K, Bean CW, Elliott S, Bowman A, Adams CE. Migration patterns and navigation cues of Atlantic salmon post-smolts migrating from 12 rivers through the coastal zones around the Irish Sea. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:265-283. [PMID: 37843923 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater phase of the first seaward migration of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is relatively well understood when compared with our understanding of the marine phase of their migration. In 2021, 1008 wild and 60 ranched Atlantic salmon smolts were tagged with acoustic transmitters in 12 rivers in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Large marine receiver arrays were deployed in the Irish Sea at two locations: at the transition of the Irish Sea into the North Atlantic between Ireland and Scotland, and between southern Scotland and Northern Ireland, to examine the early phase of the marine migration of Atlantic salmon smolts. After leaving their natal rivers' post-smolt migration through the Irish Sea was rapid with minimum speeds ranging from 14.03 to 38.56 km.day-1 for Atlantic salmon smolts that entered the Irish Sea directly from their natal river, to 9.69-39.94 km.day-1 for Atlantic salmon smolts that entered the Irish Sea directly from their natal estuary. Population minimum migration success through the study area was strongly correlated with the distance of travel, populations further away from the point of entry to the open North Atlantic exhibited lower migration success. Post-smolts from different populations experienced different water temperatures on entering the North Atlantic. This was largely driven by the timing of their migration and may have significant consequences for feeding and ultimately survivorship. The influence of water currents on post-smolt movement was investigated using data from previously constructed numerical hydrodynamic models. Modeled water current data in the northern Irish Sea showed that post-smolts had a strong preference for migrating when the current direction was at around 283° (west-north-west) but did not migrate when exposed to strong currents in other directions. This is the most favorable direction for onward passage from the Irish Sea to the continental shelf edge current, a known accumulation point for migrating post-smolts. These results strongly indicate that post-smolts migrating through the coastal marine environment are: (1) not simply migrating by current following (2) engage in active directional swimming (3) have an intrinsic sense of their migration direction and (4) can use cues other than water current direction to orientate during this part of their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Lilly
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hannele H Honkanen
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessica R Rodger
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Atlantic Salmon Trust, Perth, UK
| | | | - Patrick Boylan
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Green
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Rosell
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David Bailey
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Samantha V Beck
- Galloway Fisheries Trust, Newton Stewart, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Freshwater Conservation, UHI Inverness, Inverness, UK
| | - Jim Henderson
- The Nith Catchment Fishery Trust and Nith District Salmon Fishery Board, Dumfries, UK
| | - Debbie Parke
- The Nith Catchment Fishery Trust and Nith District Salmon Fishery Board, Dumfries, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Colin W Bean
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- NatureScot, Clydebank Business Park, Clydebank, UK
| | - Sophie Elliott
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon & Trout Research Centre, Wareham, UK
| | - Adrian Bowman
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin E Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Bopp JJ, Sclafani M, Frisk MG, McKown K, Ziegler‐Fede C, Smith DR, Cerrato RM. Telemetry reveals migratory drivers and disparate space use across seasons and age‐groups in American horseshoe crabs. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Bopp
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University 145 Endeavour Hall Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Matthew Sclafani
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University 145 Endeavour Hall Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County 23 Griffing Avenue # 100 Riverhead New York 1190 USA
| | - Michael G. Frisk
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University 145 Endeavour Hall Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Kim McKown
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 205 North Belle Meade Road, Suite 1 East Setauket New York 11733 USA
| | - Catherine Ziegler‐Fede
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 205 North Belle Meade Road, Suite 1 East Setauket New York 11733 USA
| | - David R. Smith
- United States Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center 11649 Kearneysville Road Kearneysville West Virginia 25430 USA
| | - Robert M. Cerrato
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University 145 Endeavour Hall Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
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Vargas-Chacoff L, Regish AM, Weinstock A, Björnsson BT, McCormick SD. Effects of long-term cortisol treatment on growth and osmoregulation of Atlantic salmon and brook trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 308:113769. [PMID: 33794274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is the final product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and acts as a gluco- and mineralo-corticoid in fish. Long-term elevations of cortisol have been linked to reduced growth in fishes, but the mechanism(s) and relative sensitivities of species are still unclear. We carried out experiments to examine the relative effects of cortisol on growth and gill NKA activity in two salmonids: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Treatment with intraperitoneal cortisol implants for 30 days resulted in reduced growth in both species, but with greater sensitivity to cortisol in brook trout. Gill NKA activity was strongly upregulated by cortisol in Atlantic salmon, and weakly upregulated in brook trout but with no statistically significant effect. Cortisol treatment resulted in reduced plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I and increased plasma growth hormone levels in Atlantic salmon. Our results demonstrate that there are species differences in the sensitivity of growth and osmoregulation to cortisol, even among species in the same family (Salmonidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - A M Regish
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - A Weinstock
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - B Th Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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5
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Ettinger AK, Buonaiuto DM, Chamberlain CJ, Morales-Castilla I, Wolkovich EM. Spatial and temporal shifts in photoperiod with climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:462-474. [PMID: 33421152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change causes both temporal (e.g. advancing spring phenology) and geographic (e.g. range expansion poleward) species shifts, which affect the photoperiod experienced at critical developmental stages ('experienced photoperiod'). As photoperiod is a common trigger of seasonal biological responses - affecting woody plant spring phenology in 87% of reviewed studies that manipulated photoperiod - shifts in experienced photoperiod may have important implications for future plant distributions and fitness. However, photoperiod has not been a focus of climate change forecasting to date, especially for early-season ('spring') events, often assumed to be driven by temperature. Synthesizing published studies, we find that impacts on experienced photoperiod from temporal shifts could be orders of magnitude larger than from spatial shifts (1.6 h of change for expected temporal vs 1 min for latitudinal shifts). Incorporating these effects into forecasts is possible by leveraging existing experimental data; we show that results from growth chamber experiments on woody plants often have data relevant for climate change impacts, and suggest that shifts in experienced photoperiod may increasingly constrain responses to additional warming. Further, combining modeling approaches and empirical work on when, where and how much photoperiod affects phenology could rapidly advance our understanding and predictions of future spatio-temporal shifts from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ettinger
- The Nature Conservancy, Washington Field Office, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - D M Buonaiuto
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - C J Chamberlain
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - I Morales-Castilla
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Global Change Ecology and Evolution (GloCEE) Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, MA, 28805, Spain
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - E M Wolkovich
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Nisembaum LG, Martin P, Lecomte F, Falcón J. Melatonin and osmoregulation in fish: A focus on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smoltification. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12955. [PMID: 33769643 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Part of the life cycle of several fish species includes important salinity changes, as is the case for the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) or the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmo salar juveniles migrate downstream from their spawning sites to reach seawater, where they grow and become sexually mature. The process of preparation enabling juveniles to migrate downstream and physiologically adapt to seawater is called smoltification. Daily and seasonal variations of photoperiod and temperature play a role in defining the timing of smoltification, which may take weeks to months, depending on the river length and latitude. Smoltification is characterised by a series of biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes within the neuroendocrine axis. This review discusses the current knowledge and gaps related to the neuroendocrine mechanisms that mediate the effects of light and temperature on smoltification. Studies performed in S. salar and other salmonids, as well as in other species undergoing important salinity changes, are reviewed, and a particular emphasis is given to the pineal hormone melatonin and its possible role in osmoregulation. The daily and annual variations of plasma melatonin levels reflect corresponding changes in external photoperiod and temperature, which suggests that the hormonal time-keeper melatonin might contribute to controlling smoltification. Here, we review studies on (i) the impact of pinealectomy and/or melatonin administration on smoltification; (ii) melatonin interactions with hormones involved in osmoregulation (e.g., prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol); (iii) the presence of melatonin receptors in tissues involved in osmoregulation; and (iv) the impacts of salinity changes on melatonin receptors and circulating melatonin levels. Altogether, these studies show evidence indicating that melatonin interacts with the neuroendocrine pathways controlling smoltification, although more information is needed to clearly decipher its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gabriela Nisembaum
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, Chanteuges, France
| | - Frédéric Lecomte
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de l'expertise sur la faune aquatique, Québec, Canada
| | - Jack Falcón
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS 7208, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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7
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Stich DS, Zydlewski GB, Zydlewski JD. Physiological preparedness and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in relation to behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:595-617. [PMID: 26693828 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between behavioural responses of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts to saltwater (SW) exposure and physiological characteristics of smolts in laboratory experiments. It concurrently described the behaviour of acoustically tagged smolts with respect to SW and tidal cycles during estuary migration. Salmo salar smolts increased their use of SW relative to fresh water (FW) from April to June in laboratory experiments. Mean preference for SW never exceeded 50% of time in any group. Preference for SW increased throughout the course of smolt development. Maximum continuous time spent in SW was positively related to gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity and osmoregulatory performance in full-strength SW (measured as change in gill NKA activity and plasma osmolality). Smolts decreased depth upon reaching areas of the Penobscot Estuary where SW was present, and all fish became more surface oriented during passage from head of tide to the ocean. Acoustically tagged, migrating smolts with low gill NKA activity moved faster in FW reaches of the estuary than those with higher gill NKA activity. There was no difference in movement rate through SW reaches of the estuary based on gill NKA activity. Migrating fish moved with tidal flow during the passage of the lower estuary based on the observed patterns in both vertical and horizontal movements. The results indicate that smolts select low-salinity water during estuary migration and use tidal currents to minimize energetic investment in seaward migration. Seasonal changes in osmoregulatory ability highlight the importance of the timing of stocking and estuary arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Stich
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, 5755 Nutting Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
| | - G B Zydlewski
- School of Marine Sciences, 5706 Aubert Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
| | - J D Zydlewski
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, 5755 Nutting Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
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