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The Sustainable Use of Cotton, Hazelnut and Ground Peanut Waste in Vegetable Crop Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The environmental burden from crop production byproducts is gradually increasing and necessitates the sustainable management of waste towards a circular economy approach. In the present study, three byproducts (cotton ginning waste (CGW), ground hazelnut husks (GHH) and ground peanut husks (GPH)) were evaluated in lettuce cultivation. For this purpose, the tested materials were incorporated in soil at two different rates (25% and 50% of total substrate volume) while a control treatment (no addition of byproducts) was also considered. Fresh weight per plant and total yield was the highest for the GHH50% treatment. The highest fat, protein, carbohydrates and energy content were observed for the CGW25% treatment. Chemical composition also differed among the tested byproducts where CGW25% treatment had the highest total tocopherols, sugars (sucrose, fructose, trehalose and total sugars) and organic acids content. The most abundant fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acid in all the tested treatments, while the highest antioxidant activity was observed for the GHH50% treatment. Regarding polyphenols, phenolic acids content was the highest in the GHH treatments, whereas flavonoids were the highest for the CGW25% treatment. No cytotoxicity against the PLP2 non-tumor cell line was observed, whereas only the GPH50% treatment showed moderate efficacy against HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. The tested extracts also showed moderate antibacterial activities and only the extracts from the CGW50% treatment were more effective than the positive control against Trichoderma viride. In conclusion, the present results showed the great potential of using the tested byproducts as soil amendments for vegetable crops production, since they may improve the nutritional parameters, the chemical profile and the bioactivities of the final product. The suggested alternative use of the tested byproducts not only will increase the added value of crops but will also alleviate the environmental burden from bulky agroindustry byproducts.
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Physiological and Nutraceutical Quality of Green and Red Pigmented Lettuce in Response to NaCl Concentration in Two Successive Harvests. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional eustress such as salinity or nutrient stress applied in soilless systems, is a convenient pre-harvest factor efficient in modulating the phytochemical components of horticultural crops, by triggering defensive mechanisms and accumulating plant secondary metabolites in plants tissues. Nevertheless, genetic material (cultivars with different pigmentation) dictates lettuce metabolites and physiological response to extrinsic eustress, with red leaf cultivars being highly nutrient packed notwithstanding the stress. Product quality can be meliorated equally by applying several cuts, a practice proven to increase bioactive compounds accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of four salinity levels (1, 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl) on green and red pigmented Salad Bowl lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. acephala) in two successive harvests cultivated in a floating raft system. The morphological parameters, mineral composition, leaf gas exchanges, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of both cultivars were assessed. The green cultivar exhibited superior crop productivity but was more prone to salinity effect than the red cultivar. Irrespective of cultivar and cut order, the net photosynthesis decreased with increasing salinity in the nutrient solution. The second cut incurred higher dry biomass, greater accumulation of most minerals and higher photosynthetic activity. In red lettuce, 20 mM NaCl proved adequate eustress to increase phytonutrients and beneficial minerals (K, Ca, and Mg) with minimal loss of yield. Mild salinity and sequential harvest have proven effective pre-harvest tools in positively modulating the quality of lettuce. Eustress interaction with genotype was demonstrated as a promising field for future breeding programs targeting select genotypes for agronomic application of eustress to improve the nutraceutical value of vegetable crops.
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Lammel C, Zwirchmayr J, Seigner J, Rollinger JM, de Martin R. Peucedanum ostruthium Inhibits E-Selectin and VCAM-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells through Interference with NF-κB Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1215. [PMID: 32825714 PMCID: PMC7563923 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty natural remedies traditionally used against different inflammatory diseases were probed for their potential to suppress the expression of the inflammatory markers E-selectin and VCAM-1 in a model system of IL-1 stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). One third of the tested extracts showed in vitro inhibitory effects comparable to the positive control oxozeaenol, an inhibitor of TAK1. Among them, the extract derived from the roots and rhizomes of Peucedanum ostruthium (i.e., Radix Imperatoriae), also known as masterwort, showed a pronounced and dose-dependent inhibitory effect. Reporter gene analysis demonstrated that inhibition takes place on the transcriptional level and involves the transcription factor NF-κB. A more detailed analysis revealed that the P. ostruthium extract (PO) affected the phosphorylation, degradation, and resynthesis of IκBα, the activation of IKKs, and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit RelA. Strikingly, early effects on this pathway were less affected as compared to later ones, suggesting that PO may act on mechanism(s) that are downstream of nuclear translocation. As the majority of cognate NF-κB inhibitors affect upstream events such as IKK2, these findings could indicate the existence of targetable signaling events at later stages of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lammel
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstaße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.L.); (J.S.); (R.d.M.)
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jaqueline Seigner
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstaße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.L.); (J.S.); (R.d.M.)
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstaße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.L.); (J.S.); (R.d.M.)
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Organic and Conventional Herbs Quality Reflected by Their Antioxidant Compounds Concentration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the bioactive compounds concentration in herbs from organic and conventional production. In 2017 and 2018, herbs of four species, including basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), bear’s garlic (Allium ursinum L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), were examined. The concentrations of polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were measured. Next, separation and identification of the individual bioactive compounds were completed. The obtained results show that organic herbs contained significantly higher concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids compared to conventional herbs in both investigation years. On the other hand, conventional herbs contained significantly higher concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids, including beta-carotene.
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Cicala C, Caiazzo E, Izzo AA, Novellino E, Santini A. Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2221-2243. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba Coimbra Portugal
- CEB‐Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of Minho Braga Portugal
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | | | - Angelo A. Izzo
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
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Złotek U. Effect of abiotic elicitation on the quality and antioxidant potential of lettuce and endive during storage. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Złotek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry; University of Life Sciences; Lublin 20-704 Poland
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Santos FT, Goufo P, Santos C, Botelho D, Fonseca J, Queirós A, Costa MSSM, Trindade H. Comparison of five agro-industrial waste-based composts as growing media for lettuce: Effect on yield, phenolic compounds and vitamin C. Food Chem 2016; 209:293-301. [PMID: 27173566 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overall phenolic content in plants is on average higher in organic farming, including when renewable resources such as composts are used as soil amendments. In most cases, however, the composting process needs to be optimized to reach the desired outcome. Using composts obtained from chestnut, red and white grapes, olive and broccoli wastes, the relative antioxidative abilities of lettuces cultivated in greenhouse were examined. Results clearly coupled high phenolic levels with high yield in lettuce grown on the chestnut-based compost. A huge accumulation of phenolics was observed with the white grape-based compost, but this coincided with low yield. Three compounds were identified as discriminating factors between treated samples, namely quercetin 3-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-(6″-malonyl)-β-d-glucoside; these are also some of the compounds receiving health claims on lettuce consumption. On a negative note, all composts led to decreased vitamin C levels. Collectively, the data suggest that compost amendments can help add value to lettuce by increasing its antioxidant activity as compared to other organic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly T Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, University Street, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Piebiep Goufo
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Santos
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Donzilia Botelho
- Departamento de Agronomia, UTAD, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aurea Queirós
- Departamento de Agronomia, UTAD, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mônica S S M Costa
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, University Street, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Henrique Trindade
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Adesso S, Pepe G, Sommella E, Manfra M, Scopa A, Sofo A, Tenore GC, Russo M, Di Gaudio F, Autore G, Campiglia P, Marzocco S. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic extracts from Lactuca sativa (var. Maravilla de Verano) under different farming methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4194-206. [PMID: 26777118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides their nutritional value, vegetables are a source of health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols, and their content can be influenced by the particular farming method. In this study polyphenolic extracts from Lactuca sativa (var. Maravilla de verano) plants cultivated with different farming methods were chemically characterised and tested in vitro and ex vivo inflammation models. RESULTS The tested extacts (250-2.5 µg mL(-1) ) were able to reduce both the inflammatory and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine monocyte macrophage cells, by lowering the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In this regard, quantitative profiles revealed different amounts of polyphenols, in particular quercetin levels were higher in plants under mineral fertilised treatment. Those extract showed an enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Our data showed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Maravilla de Verano polyphenolic extracts. The effect of farming methods on polyphenolic levels was highlighted. The higher reduction of inflammatory mediators release in extracts from plants cultivated under mineral fertilisation treatment was correlated to the higher amount of quercetin. These results can be useful for both nutraceutical or agronomic purposes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicology Chemistry, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department DiBiMeF, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, I-90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Nascimento da Silva LC, Bezerra Filho CM, Paula RAD, Silva e Silva CS, Oliveira de Souza LI, Silva MVD, Correia MTDS, Figueiredo RCBQD. In vitrocell-based assays for evaluation of antioxidant potential of plant-derived products. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:801-12. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1193668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pepe G, Sommella E, Manfra M, De Nisco M, Tenore GC, Scopa A, Sofo A, Marzocco S, Adesso S, Novellino T, Campiglia P. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and fast UHPLC-DAD-IT-TOF profiling of polyphenolic compounds extracted from green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.; var. Maravilla de Verano). Food Chem 2015; 167:153-61. [PMID: 25148972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fresh cut vegetables represent a widely consumed food worldwide. Among these, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most popular on the market. The growing interest for this "healthy" food is related to the content of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, that show many beneficial effects. In this study, we report the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of polyphenols extracted from lettuce (var. Maravilla de Verano), in J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lettuce extract significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide release, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloxygenase-2 expression. A detailed quali/quantitative profiling of the polyphenolic content was carried out, obtaining fast separation (10 min), good retention time and peak area repeatability, (RSD% 0.80 and 8.68, respectively) as well as linearity (R(2)⩾ 0.999) and mass accuracy (⩽ 5 ppm). Our results show the importance in the diet of this cheap and popular food for his healthy properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mauro De Nisco
- Pharmaco-Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tiziana Novellino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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