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Ullah O, Shah M, Rehman NU, Ullah S, Al-Sabahi JN, Alam T, Khan A, Khan NA, Rafiq N, Bilal S, Al-Harrasi A. Aroma Profile and Biological Effects of Ochradenus arabicus Essential Oils: A Comparative Study of Stem, Flowers, and Leaves. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165197. [PMID: 36014440 PMCID: PMC9414473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present analysis explores the chemical constituents and determines the in vitro antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant significance of the essential oils (EOs) of the stem, leaves, and flowers of Ochradenus arabicus for the first time. The EOs of the flowers presented seventy-four constituents contributing to 81.46% of the total EOs, with the major compounds being 24-norursa-3,12-diene (13.06%), 24-norursa-3,12-dien-11-one (6.61%), and 24-noroleana-3,12-diene (6.25%). The stem EOs with sixty-one compounds contributed 95.95% of the total oil, whose main bioactive compounds were (+)-camphene (21.50%), eremophilene (5.87%), and δ-selinene (5.03%), while a minimum of fifty-one compounds in the leaves’ EOs (98.75%) were found, with the main constituents being n-hexadecanoic acid (12.32%), octacosane (8.62%), tetradecanoic acid (8.54%), and prehydro fersenyl acetone (7.27%). The antimicrobial activity of the EOs of O. arabicus stem, leaves, and flowers was assessed against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Penicillium simplicissimum and Rhizoctonia solani) via the disc diffusion assay. However, the EOs extracted from the stem were found effective against one bacterial strain, E. coli, and one fungal strain, R. Solani, among the examined microbes in comparison to the standard and negative control. The tested EOs samples of the O. arabicus stem displayed a maximum potential to cure diabetes with an IC50 = 0.40 ± 0.10 µg/mL, followed by leaves and flowers with an IC50 = 0.71 ± 0.11 µg/mL and IC50 = 10.57 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 377.26 ± 1.20 µg/mL). In addition, the EOs of O. arabicus flowers had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 106.40 ± 0.19 µg/mL) as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 73.20 ± 0.17 µg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In the ABTS assay, the EOs of the same sample (flower) depicted the utmost potential to scavenge the free radicals with an IC50 = 178.0 ± 0.14 µg/mL as compared with the ascorbic acid, having an IC50 of 87.34 ± 0.10 µg/mL the using 2,2-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay. The EOs of all parts of O. arabicus have useful bioactive components due to which they present antidiabetic and antioxidant significance. Furthermore, additional investigations are considered necessary to expose the responsible components of the examined biological capabilities, which would be effective in the production of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Medical Research Center, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Tanveer Alam
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Nasir Ali Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
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Singamaneni V, Lone B, Singh J, Kumar P, Gairola S, Singh S, Gupta P. Coronarin K and L: Two Novel Labdane Diterpenes From Roscoea purpurea: An Ayurvedic Crude Drug. Front Chem 2021; 9:642073. [PMID: 33968897 PMCID: PMC8097143 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.642073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of cancer treatment with chemotherapy is to kill the cancerous cells without affecting the healthy normal cells. In the present study, bioactivity-guided purification of the n-chloroform soluble fraction from the methanol extract of Roscoea purpurea resulted in the identification of two new labdane diterpenes: coronarin K (1) and coronarin L (2), along with eight known compounds, coronarin A (3), bisdemethoxycurcumin (4), kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether (5), kaempferol (6), fenozan acid (7), 3-(3-methoxy,4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid ferulic acid (8), caffeic acid (9), and gallic acid (10). The structural identification of new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by detailed analysis of 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined with the help of NOESY correlations and comparison of optical rotations with known labdane diterpenes, with established stereochemistry, while structure of known compounds was established by direct comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of isolation of this labdane diterpenes and phenolic classes of secondary metabolites in R. purpurea. In the preliminary screening, the methanol extract and its fractions were tested for the cytotoxic activity against a panel of four cancer cell lines (A549, HCT-116, Bxpc-3, and MCF-7); extract and its chloroform fraction were found to be active against the lung cancer cell line, A-549, with IC50 value <25 μg/ml. Owing to the notable cytotoxic activity of the chloroform fraction, the compounds (1-5) were screened for their cytotoxicity against all the cell lines by MTT assay. Coronarin K, 1 showed significant cytotoxic potential against lung cancer cell lines (A-549), with IC50 value of 13.49 μM, while other compounds did not show activity below 22 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Singamaneni
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Bashir Lone
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Plant Science Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Plant Science Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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Bansal M, Reddy MS, Kumar A. Seasonal variations in harvest index and bacoside A contents amongst accessions of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. collected from wild populations. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:407-413. [PMID: 27729727 PMCID: PMC5039155 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacoside A, a major active principle of Bacopa monnieri known for its cognitive effects is a mixture of saponins like bacoside A3, bacopaside II, isomer of bacopasaponin C and bacopasaponin C. Seasonal changes in biomass and bacoside A levels in fourteen accessions of B. monnieri were evaluated after maintaining these at a common site at Thapar University campus, Patiala (30°19'36.12″N and 76°24'1.08″E) for 1 year. Harvestable biomass and total bacoside A contents varied significantly between the accessions and also in a particular accession during different seasons of the year. The maximum dry weight of plant (biomass 1.64 g) and bacoside A levels (6.82 mg/plant) were recorded in accession BM1. Harvestable biomass was highest during summer in accessions BM1 and BM7 (FW 4.2 g/plant), whereas bacoside A levels were also highest during summer and in accession BM1 (6.82 mg/plant). The lowest bacoside A level (0.06 mg/plant) was recorded in accession BM14 during winter. Principal component analysis showed that samples of summer were positively correlated with both the components suggesting an appropriate time for the harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Center of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar University, Patiala, 147004 India
| | - M. Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Center of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar University, Patiala, 147004 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Center of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar University, Patiala, 147004 India
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