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Cocoa based beverages – Composition, nutritional value, processing, quality problems and new perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dibakoane SR, Du Plessis B, Silva LD, Anyasi TA, Emmambux M, Mlambo V, Wokadala OC. Nutraceutical Properties of Unripe Banana Flour Resistant Starch: A Review. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siphosethu Richard Dibakoane
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences University of Mpumalanga Corner R40 and D725 Road Nelspruit 1200 South Africa
- Agro‐Processing and Postharvest Technologies Division Agricultural Research Council – Tropical and Subtropical Crops Nelspruit 1200 South Africa
| | - Belinda Du Plessis
- Tshwane University of Technology Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Private Bag X680 Pretoria 0083 South Africa
| | - Laura Da Silva
- Tshwane University of Technology Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Private Bag X680 Pretoria 0083 South Africa
| | - Tonna A. Anyasi
- Agro‐Processing and Postharvest Technologies Division Agricultural Research Council – Tropical and Subtropical Crops Nelspruit 1200 South Africa
| | - Mohammad Emmambux
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences University of Pretoria Private Bag X20 Hatfield 0028 South Africa
| | - Victor Mlambo
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences University of Mpumalanga Corner R40 and D725 Road Nelspruit 1200 South Africa
| | - Obiro Cuthbert Wokadala
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences University of Mpumalanga Corner R40 and D725 Road Nelspruit 1200 South Africa
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Włodarczyk M, Śliżewska K. Efficiency of Resistant Starch and Dextrins as Prebiotics: A Review of the Existing Evidence and Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113808. [PMID: 34836063 PMCID: PMC8621223 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In well-developed countries, people have started to pay additional attention to preserving healthy dietary habits, as it has become common knowledge that neglecting them may easily lead to severe health impairments, namely obesity, malnutrition, several cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, cancers, hypertensions, and inflammations. Various types of functional foods were developed that are enriched with vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fibers in order to develop a healthy balanced diet and to improve the general health of consumers. Numerous kinds of fiber are easily found in nature, but they often have a noticeable undesired impact on the sensory features of foods or on the digestive system. This led to development of modified dietary fibers, which have little to no impact on taste of foods they are added to. At the same time, they possess all the benefits similar to those of prebiotics, such as regulating gastrointestinal microbiota composition, increasing satiety, and improving the metabolic parameters of a human. In the following review, the evidence supporting prebiotic properties of modified starches, particularly resistant starches and their derivatives, resistant dextrins, was assessed and deliberated, which allowed drawing an interesting conclusion on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Włodarczyk
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.Ś.); Tel.: +48-783149289 (M.W.); +48-501742326 (K.Ś.)
| | - Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.Ś.); Tel.: +48-783149289 (M.W.); +48-501742326 (K.Ś.)
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Martin MÁ, Ramos S. Impact of cocoa flavanols on human health. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112121. [PMID: 33722594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa is a source of flavanols, and these phenolic compounds exert beneficial effects on health and aging, and reduce the risk of suffering chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer). An increasing body of evidence has emerged to suggest that cocoa flavanols potentially are important chemopreventive natural agents. This review summarizes human studies from the past two decades, providing data related to the effects derived from cocoa intake on health and disease. Most human studies have reported beneficial effects of cocoa consumption on health and chronic diseases; however, outcomes are not unequivocal. Review of human studies enable to identify different mechanisms of action for cocoa, although they are not fully understood at present. In addition, it remains unclear whether cocoa consumption should be recommended to healthy subjects or to patients and what is the appropriate dosage or duration of cocoa consumption. Elucidation of information regarding these crucial issues could lead to cocoa use as an approach for decreasing the risk of certain chronic diseases, as well as improving health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Martin
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Vieira CR, Grancieri M, Martino HSD, César DE, Barra RRS. A beverage containing ora-pro-nobis flour improves intestinal health, weight, and body composition: A double-blind randomized prospective study. Nutrition 2020; 78:110869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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de Oliveira Lomeu FLR, Vieira CR, Lucia FD, Veiga SMOM, Martino HSD, Silva RR. Cocoa and unripe banana flour beverages improve anthropometric and biochemical markers in overweight women: A randomised double-blind study. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:325-334. [PMID: 32019434 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a functional cocoa and unripe banana flour (UBF) beverage intake on the anthropometric and biochemical markers of overweight women. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial involved 60 female volunteers aged between 20 and 50 years. One group received a cocoa beverage (n = 30) and one group received a cocoa and UBF beverage (n = 30), for 6 weeks. The cocoa beverage showed 3.07 total g dietary fiber/serving and 29.55 mg gallic acid equivalentes/portion (GAE/portion). Cocoa and UBF beverage contained 8.48% resistant starch by weight, 4.37 g dietary fiber/full portion and 69.24 mg GAE/portion. Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions were evaluated. Results: The UBF and cocoa beverage reduced waist circumference (-2.03 cm, P < 0.001) and the cocoa beverage reduced total cholesterol (-19.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and the LDL/HDL ratio (-0.32, P < 0.001); in addition, both beverages promoted the reduction of body fat percentage (-1.98%, P = 0.001 and -1.15%, P < 0.001 Cocoa/UPF group and Cocoa group respectively). Conclusion: The additional dietary fiber did not further improve health status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia Della Lucia
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Brazil
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Halajzadeh J, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Amirani E, Kolahdooz F, Barekat M, Mirzaei H, Mirhashemi SM, Asemi Z. Effects of resistant starch on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and systemic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3172-3184. [PMID: 31661295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1680950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of resistant starch (RS) on glycemic status, serum lipoproteins and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. Two independent authors systematically searched online database including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until 30 April 2019. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included trials. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Nineteen trials were included in this meta-analysis. Administration of RS resulted in significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (14 studies) (WMD: -4.28; 95% CI: -7.01, -1.55), insulin (12 studies) (WMD: -1.95; 95% CI: -3.22, -0.68), and HbA1C (8 studies) (WMD: -0.60; 95% CI: -0.95, -0.24). When pooling data from 13 studies, a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels (WMD: -8.19; 95% CI: -15.38, -1.00) and LDL-cholesterol (WMD: -8.57; 95% CI: -13.48, -3.66) were found as well. Finally, RS administration was associated with a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (WMD: -2.02; 95% CI: -3.14, -0.90). This meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of RS on improving FPG, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TNF-α levels in patients with MetS and related disorders, but it did not affect HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, CRP and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Halajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maraghe University of Medical Science, Maraghe, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Mirhashemi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Falcomer AL, Riquette RFR, de Lima BR, Ginani VC, Zandonadi RP. Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1222. [PMID: 31146437 PMCID: PMC6627159 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing demand for green banana (GB) products, there is no review study regarding their potential health benefits. We aimed to compare the health benefits among different GB products by a systematic review. We researched six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) from inception to March 2019. We found 1009 articles in these databases. After duplicate removal, we screened 732 articles' titles and abstracts, and selected 18 potentially relevant studies for full-text reading. We added five records from the reference list of the fully-read articles and seven suggested by the expert. Twelve articles were excluded. In the end, 18 studies were considered for this systematic review. Ten studies were conducted with green banana flour and eight with the green banana pulp/biomass. Most of the GB health benefits studied were related to the gastrointestinal symptoms/diseases, followed by the glycemic/insulin metabolism, weight control, and renal and liver complications associated to diabetes. Only one study did not confirm the health benefit proposed. It is necessary to standardize the GB dose/effect to different age groups and different health effects considering the GB variety and ripeness level. Further studies are necessary to present better detailing of GB product and their health effects considering all the raw-material characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Falcomer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Figueiredo Resende Riquette
- Campus Oeste Liliane Barbosa, Department of Nutrition, Instituto de Ensino Superior de Brasília (IESB), Brasilia 72225-315 Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Romão de Lima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Verônica C Ginani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Kord-Varkaneh H, Ghaedi E, Nazary-Vanani A, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Does cocoa/dark chocolate supplementation have favorable effect on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference? A systematic review, meta-analysis and dose-response of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2349-2362. [PMID: 29553824 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1451820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cocoa and dark chocolate (DC) have been reported to be effective for health promotion; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined. Methods: A comprehensive search to identify randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of cocoa/DC on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was performed up to December 2017. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using random effects model to estimate pooled effect size. Fractional polynominal modeling was used to explore dose-response relationships. Results: A total of 35 RCTs investigated the effects of cocoa/DC on weight, BMI and WC were included. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant effect of cocoa/DC supplementation on body weight (-0.108 kg, 95% CI -0.262, 0.046 P = 0.168), BMI (-0.014 kg/m2 95% CI -0.105, 0.077, P: 0.759,) and WC (0.025 cm 95% CI -0.083, 0.129, P = 0.640). Subgroup analysis revealed that that weight and BMI were reduced with cocoa/DC supplementation ≥ 30 g chocolate per day in trials between 4-8 weeks. Cocoa/DC consumption resulted in WC reduction in non-linear fashion (r = 0.042, P-nonlinearity = 0.008).Conclusion: Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly. However subgroup analysis regarding dose (≥ 30 g/day) and duration (between 4 to 8 weeks) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Nazary-Vanani
- b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- c Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,d Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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