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Latino C, Gianatti EJ, Mehta S, Lo J, Devine A, Christophersen C. Does a high dietary intake of resistant starch affect glycaemic control and alter the gut microbiome in women with gestational diabetes? A randomised control trial protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:46. [PMID: 35042457 PMCID: PMC8764780 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is prevalent with lasting health implications for the mother and offspring. Medical nutrition therapy is the foundation of GDM management yet achieving optimal glycaemic control often requires treatment with medications, like insulin. New dietary strategies to improve GDM management and outcomes are required. Gut dysbiosis is a feature of GDM pregnancies, therefore, dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota may offer a new avenue for management. Resistant starch is a fermentable dietary fibre known to alter the gut microbiota and enhance production of short-chain fatty acids. Evidence suggests that short-chain fatty acids improve glycaemia via multiple mechanisms, however, this has not been evaluated in GDM. METHODS An open-label, parallel-group design study will investigate whether a high dietary resistant starch intake or resistant starch supplement improves glycaemic control and changes the gut microbiome compared with standard dietary advice in women with newly diagnosed GDM. Ninety women will be randomised to one of three groups - standard dietary treatment for GDM (Control), a high resistant starch diet or a high resistant starch diet plus a 16 g resistant starch supplement. Measurements taken at Baseline (24 to 30-weeks' gestation), Day 10 and Day 56 (approximately 36 weeks' gestation) will include fasting plasma glucose levels, microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in stool, 3-day dietary intake records and bowel symptoms questionnaires. One-week post-natal data collection will include microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations of maternal and neonatal stools, microbial composition of breastmilk, birthweight, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Mixed model analysis of variance will assess change in glycaemia and permutation-based multivariate analysis of variance will assess changes in microbial composition within and between intervention groups. Distance-based linear modelling will identify correlation between change in stool microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and measures of glycaemia. DISCUSSION To improve outcomes for GDM dyads, evaluation of a high dietary intake of resistant starch to improve glycaemia through the gut microbiome needs to be established. This will expand the dietary interventions available to manage GDM without medication. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12620000968976p . Registered 28 September 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Latino
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
- Department of Dietetics, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Emily J Gianatti
- Department of Endocrinology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shailender Mehta
- Department of Neonatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johnny Lo
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claus Christophersen
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- WA Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre - TrEnD Lab, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Włodarczyk M, Śliżewska K. Efficiency of Resistant Starch and Dextrins as Prebiotics: A Review of the Existing Evidence and Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113808. [PMID: 34836063 PMCID: PMC8621223 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In well-developed countries, people have started to pay additional attention to preserving healthy dietary habits, as it has become common knowledge that neglecting them may easily lead to severe health impairments, namely obesity, malnutrition, several cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, cancers, hypertensions, and inflammations. Various types of functional foods were developed that are enriched with vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fibers in order to develop a healthy balanced diet and to improve the general health of consumers. Numerous kinds of fiber are easily found in nature, but they often have a noticeable undesired impact on the sensory features of foods or on the digestive system. This led to development of modified dietary fibers, which have little to no impact on taste of foods they are added to. At the same time, they possess all the benefits similar to those of prebiotics, such as regulating gastrointestinal microbiota composition, increasing satiety, and improving the metabolic parameters of a human. In the following review, the evidence supporting prebiotic properties of modified starches, particularly resistant starches and their derivatives, resistant dextrins, was assessed and deliberated, which allowed drawing an interesting conclusion on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Włodarczyk
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.Ś.); Tel.: +48-783149289 (M.W.); +48-501742326 (K.Ś.)
| | - Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.Ś.); Tel.: +48-783149289 (M.W.); +48-501742326 (K.Ś.)
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Liyanage GSG, Inoue R, Fujitani M, Ishijima T, Shibutani T, Abe K, Kishida T, Okada S. Effects of Soy Isoflavones, Resistant Starch and Antibiotics on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Like Features in Letrozole-Treated Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113759. [PMID: 34836015 PMCID: PMC8621859 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Recently, various dietary interventions have been used extensively as a novel therapy against PCOS. In the present study, we show that soy isoflavone metabolites and resistant starch, together with gut microbiota modulations, were successful in decreasing the severity of PCOS-like reproductive features while increasing the expression of gut barrier markers and butyric acid in the gut. In the letrozole-induced PCOS model rats, the intake of both 0.05% soy isoflavones and 11% resistant starch, even with letrozole treatment, reduced the severity of menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovaries with a high concentration of soy isoflavones and equol in plasma. Antibiotic cocktail treatment suppressed soy isoflavone metabolism in the gut and showed no considerable effects on reducing the PCOS-like symptoms. The mRNA expression level of occludin significantly increased with soy isoflavone and resistant starch combined treatment. Bacterial genera such as Blautia, Dorea and Clostridium were positively correlated with menstrual irregularity under resistant starch intake. Moreover, the concentration of butyric acid was elevated by resistant starch intake. In conclusion, we propose that both dietary interventions and gut microbiota modulations could be effectively used in reducing the severity of PCOS reproductive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethika S. G. Liyanage
- Food Functionality Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (G.S.G.L.); (T.I.); (T.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan;
| | - Mina Fujitani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (M.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Food Functionality Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (G.S.G.L.); (T.I.); (T.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Taisei Shibutani
- Food Functionality Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (G.S.G.L.); (T.I.); (T.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Keiko Abe
- Food Functionality Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (G.S.G.L.); (T.I.); (T.S.); (K.A.)
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Taro Kishida
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (M.F.); (T.K.)
- Food and Health Sciences Research Centre, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Food Functionality Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (G.S.G.L.); (T.I.); (T.S.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-1127
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Liang D, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhang H, Hu H, Dai X. Potato resistant starch inhibits diet-induced obesity by modifying the composition of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in obese mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:458-469. [PMID: 33711371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Potato resistant starch type 3 (PRS) is helpful for weight-loss. To investigate the regulatory effects of PRS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, different doses of PRS (5%, 15% and 25%) were fed to mice for 12 weeks. Metabolic syndrome related to obesity, intestinal microbiota composition and its metabolites as well as the relationship among them were studied. Results showed that PRS could regulate HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in a dose dependent manner; promote the proliferation of intestinal cells and expression of tight junction proteins, such as Occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1; reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) rate; regulate the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides and Coprococcus; and promote the production of microbial metabolites, such as propionic acid and acetic acid. Besides, the alteration in the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites were significantly correlated. It could be concluded that propionic acid and acetic acid were the two dominant metabolites of Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Coprococcus, which contributed to the anti-obesity potential of PRS, metabolic syndrome alleviation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Hefei CAAS Nutridoer Co. Ltd., Academy of Food Nutrition and Health Innovation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 238000, PR China
| | - Honghai Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Dodevska MS, Sobajic SS, Dragicevic VD, Stankovic I, Ivanovic ND, Djordjevic BI. The Impact of Diet and Fibre Fractions on Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Prediabetic Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020487. [PMID: 33540682 PMCID: PMC7913095 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of diet and fibre fractions on adipocytokines in obese subjects with a risk of diabetes has not been investigated in detail yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-month lifestyle intervention with different fibre profiles (resistant starch (RS)-rich fibre, or ordinary food fibre profiles) on adipocytokine levels. Fifty participants are divided into two groups (RS group and Fibre group). The groups differ only in the percentage of the recommended level of the RS consumed as a fraction of the same total fibre amount. The applied dietary intervention includes intake of 7531 KJ/daywith a total fibre portion of 25-35 g/dayfor both groups that includes 15 g/day of RS for the RS group only. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured, and their relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters is estimated. Along with significant body weight loss, only leptin is significantly reduced by 13% in the RS group while in the Fibre group, apelin levels are significant (-21%). Polynomial regression shows a negative correlation between RS intake and adiponectin (R2 = 0.145) and resistin level (R2 = 0.461) in the RS group. This study indicates the possibility that fibre fractions differently influence the outcome of lifestyle interventions, as well as their adipocytokine levels, in obese prediabetic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita S. Dodevska
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut“, Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Dr Subotica 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2684-566; Fax: +381-11-2685-735
| | - Sladjana S. Sobajic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
| | | | - Ivan Stankovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
| | - Nevena Dj. Ivanovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
| | - Brizita I. Djordjevic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
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Bai Y, Li Y, Marion T, Tong Y, Zaiss MM, Tang Z, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Luo Y. Resistant starch intake alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulating gut microbiota and promoting concomitant propionate production. J Autoimmun 2021; 116:102564. [PMID: 33203617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis precedes clinic symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been implicated in the initiation and persistence of RA. The early treatment of RA is critical to better clinical outcome especially for joint destruction. Although dietary interventions have been reported to be beneficial for RA patients, it is unclear to whether diet-induced gut microbiome changes can be a preventive strategy to RA development. Here, we investigated the effect of a high fiber diet (HFD) rich with resistant starch (RS) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and gut microbial composition in mice. RS-HFD significantly reduced arthritis severity and bone erosion in CIA mice. The therapeutic effects of RS-HFD were correlated with splenic regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) increase. The increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Lachnoclostridium genera concomitant with CIA were eliminated in CIA mice fed the RS-HFD diet. Notably, RS-HFD also led to a predominance of Bacteroidetes, and increased abundances of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroidales_S24-7_group genera in CIA mice. Accompanied with the gut microbiome changes, serum levels of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, propionate and isobutyrate detected by GC-TOFMS were also increased in CIA mice fed RS-HFD. While, addition of β-acids from hops extract to the drinking water of mice fed RS-HFD significantly decreased serum propionate and completely eliminated RS-HFD-induced disease improvement, Treg cell increase and IL-10 production in CIA mice. Moreover, exogenous propionate added to drinking water replicated the protective role of RS-HFD in CIA including reduced bone damage. The direct effect of propionate on T cells in vitro was further explored as at least one mechanistic explanation for the dietary effects of microbial metabolites on immune regulation in experimental RA. Taken together, RS-HFD significantly reduced CIA and bone damage and altered gut microbial composition with concomitant increase in circulating propionate, indicating that RS-rich diet might be a promising therapy especially in the early stage of RA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/blood
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytokines/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/blood
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/immunology
- Intestines/microbiology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Propionates/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Resistant Starch/administration & dosage
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tony Marion
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yanli Tong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitäts Klinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhigang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Jackson MI, Waldy C, Jewell DE. Dietary resistant starch preserved through mild extrusion of grain alters fecal microbiome metabolism of dietary macronutrients while increasing immunoglobulin A in the cat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241037. [PMID: 33141838 PMCID: PMC7608938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary digestion-resistant starch (RS) provides health benefits to the host via gut microbiome-mediated metabolism. The degree to which cats manifest beneficial changes in response to RS intake was examined. Healthy cats (N = 36) were fed identically formulated foods processed under high (n = 17) or low (n = 19) shear extrusion conditions (low and high RS levels [LRS and HRS], respectively). Fecal samples collected after 3 and 6 weeks' feeding were assayed for stool firmness score, short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and changes to the global metabolome and microbiome; fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) was analyzed at week 6. Few differences were seen in proximate analyses of the foods; stool firmness scores did not differ. In cats consuming HRS food, concentrations of fecal butyrate and the straight chain:branched chain fatty acid ratio were significantly greater in feces at both weeks 3 and 6, while fecal ammonia was reduced at week 6 relative to feces from LRS-fed cats. Fecal IgA concentrations were significantly higher at week 6 with HRS food. RS consumption altered 47% of the fecal metabolome; RS-derived sugars and metabolites associated with greater gut health, including indoles and polyamines, increased in the cats consuming HRS food relative to those fed the LS food, while endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines decreased. Consumption of HRS food increased concentrations of the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate in feces and elevated concentrations of reduced members of NADH-coupled redox congeners and NADH precursors. At the microbiome genus-level, 21% of operational taxonomic units were significantly different between food types; many involved taxa with known saccharolytic or proteolytic proclivities. Microbiome taxa richness and Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity were significantly higher in the HRS group at both weeks. These data show that feline consumption of grain-derived RS produces potentially beneficial shifts in microbiota-mediated metabolism and increases IgA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I. Jackson
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States of America
| | - Christopher Waldy
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States of America
| | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States of America
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Qadir A, -Nisa MU, Sharif M, Khan MK, Ahmad N, Komal F. Effect of different level of resistant starch in induce diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2715-2719. [PMID: 33879429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study to evaluate the effect of Resistant Starch (RS) on lipid profile, blood glucose, hormones and TNF-α in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). 45 Wister male rats were divided into 5 groups each having 9 rats: without T2DM negative control (NC) with T2DM positive control (PC), resistant starch: 0.20g/kg body weight (HM0.20), resistant starch: 0.30g/kg body weight (HM0.30) and resistant starch: 0.40g/kg body weight (HM0.40). Different levels were added in basal diets while negative and positive control received basal diet. Animals fed on different diets were induced type 2 diabetes 60mg/kg streptozotocin solution injected intraperitoneally in rats. Results of blood glucose showed significantly (P<0.05) lower in all rats fed HM0.20, HM0.30 and HM0.40. In case of lipid profile results indicated that HM0.04 showed significant (P<0.05) increase in HDL level while cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides were reduced. After treatment hormonal profile, leptin, insulin and TNF-α level were significantly (P<0.05) reduced. It may be concluded that RS is the new approach to treat the T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Qadir
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahr-Un -Nisa
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sharif
- Institute of Animal & Dairy Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Komal
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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