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Chen LX, Yang FQ. Applications of magnetic solid-phase extraction in the sample preparation of natural product analysis (2020-2023). J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400082. [PMID: 38819785 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Sample preparation, including extraction, separation, and purification, is a vital process for natural product analysis. As an attractive sample pretreatment method, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has gained plenty of attention, mainly due to its simpler operation, less consumption of organic solvents, and shorter processing time than traditional SPE. This updated review is devoted to summarizing the applications of MSPE based on different magnetic nanomaterials in the analysis of various natural products in complex matrixes, such as biological samples, plants, and Chinese herbal preparations in the past four years (2020-2023). The preparation and fabrication of different materials are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the extraction mechanism and interaction forces between adsorbent and analytes are elaborated, and the advantages and disadvantages of different adsorbents coupled with various analytical methods for MSPE of different natural products are summarized. Moreover, the future trends and opportunities for MSPE in the natural product analysis are discussed. It is expected that this work can provide updated information for future research on the applications of MSPE in such fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Kour N, Bhagat G, Singh S, Bhatti SS, Arora S, Singh B, Bhatia A. Polyphenols mediated attenuation of diabetes associated cardiovascular complications: A comprehensive review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:73-99. [PMID: 38932901 PMCID: PMC11196529 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by increased levels of glucose for prolonged periods of time. Incessant hyperglycemia leads to diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke, etc. There are many studies that suggest that various polyphenols affect glucose homeostasis and can help to attenuate the complications associated with diabetes. Objective This review focuses on the possible role of various dietary polyphenols in palliating diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. This review also aims to give an overview of the interrelationship among ROS production (due to diabetes), inflammation, glycoxidative stress, and cardiovascular complications as well as the anti-hyperglycemic effects of dietary polyphenols. Methods Various scientific databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Wiley Online Library were used for searching articles that complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results This review lists several polyphenols based on various pre-clinical and clinical studies that have anti-hyperglycemic potential as well as a protective function against cardiovascular complications. Conclusion Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that various dietary polyphenols can be a promising intervention for the attenuation of diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Gulshan Bhagat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Simran Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Sandip Singh Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
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Proença C, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Rufino AT, Fernandes E, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The role of flavonoids in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: A review on targeting signaling pathways and metastasis. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1878-1945. [PMID: 37147865 DOI: 10.1002/med.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is metastasis, a process that entails the spread of cancer cells to distant regions in the body, culminating in tumor formation in secondary organs. Importantly, the proinflammatory environment surrounding cancer cells further contributes to cancer cell transformation and extracellular matrix destruction. During metastasis, front-rear polarity and emergence of migratory and invasive features are manifestations of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A variety of transcription factors (TFs) are implicated in the execution of EMT, the most prominent belonging to the Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor (SNAI) and Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox (ZEB) families of TFs. These TFs are regulated by interaction with specific microRNAs (miRNAs), as miR34 and miR200. Among the several secondary metabolites produced in plants, flavonoids constitute a major group of bioactive molecules, with several described effects including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesogenic, and anticancer effects. This review scrutinizes the modulatory role of flavonoids on the activity of SNAI/ZEB TFs and on their regulatory miRNAs, miR-34, and miR-200. The modulatory role of flavonoids can attenuate mesenchymal features and stimulate epithelial features, thereby inhibiting and reversing EMT. Moreover, this modulation is concomitant with the attenuation of signaling pathways involved in diverse processes as cell proliferation, cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis inhibition, morphogenesis, cell fate, cell migration, cell polarity, and wound healing. The antimetastatic potential of these versatile compounds is emerging and represents an opportunity for the synthesis of more specific and potent agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bian Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Zhang F, Gao HY. Room-temperature synthesis of imine-linked magnetic covalent organic polymers in deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of flavonoids and their determination with HPLC-MS/MS. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:424. [PMID: 37776373 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel imine-linked magnetic covalent organic polymer, Fe3O4@TAB-TFPT, was synthesized using environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents as the reaction medium instead of conventional organic solvents. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Subsequently, the materials were employed as an adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of flavonoids, including Kurarinone, Norkurarinone, Xanthohumol, and Isoxanthohumol, prior to their determination by HPLC-MS/MS. The validation results demonstrate good linearity within the concentration range 0.1-1000 ng∙mL-1 (R2 ≥ 0.9963), high enrichment factors ranging from 18.9 to 30.7, and low LODs (0.01-0.05 ng∙mL-1) and LOQs (0.05-0.1 ng∙mL-1). Furthermore, recoveries between 80.60% and 108.40% with relative standard deviations ≤ 8.49% were achieved. The proposed MSPE-HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the determination of flavonoids in Sophora flavescens Aition sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Vascular Protective Effect and Its Possible Mechanism of Action on Selected Active Phytocompounds: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3311228. [PMID: 35469164 PMCID: PMC9034927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3311228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory factors. This dysfunction is a key to the early pathological development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Therefore, modulation of the vascular endothelium is considered an important therapeutic strategy to maintain the health of the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies have shown that regular consumption of medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables promotes vascular health, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly attributed to the phytochemical compounds contained in these resources. Various databases, including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were searched to identify studies demonstrating the vascular protective effects of phytochemical compounds. The literature had revealed abundant data on phytochemical compounds protecting and improving the vascular system. Of the numerous compounds reported, curcumin, resveratrol, cyanidin-3-glucoside, berberine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and quercetin are discussed in this review to provide recent information on their vascular protective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Phytochemical compounds are promising therapeutic agents for vascular dysfunction due to their antioxidative mechanisms. However, future human studies will be necessary to confirm the clinical effects of these vascular protective mechanisms.
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Speisky H, Shahidi F, Costa de Camargo A, Fuentes J. Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010133. [PMID: 35052636 PMCID: PMC8772813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
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Kotik M, Javůrková H, Brodsky K, Pelantová H. Two fungal flavonoid-specific glucosidases/rutinosidases for rutin hydrolysis and rutinoside synthesis under homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction conditions. AMB Express 2021; 11:136. [PMID: 34661772 PMCID: PMC8523606 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosidases within GH5-23 cleave the glycosidic bond of β-glucosylated or rutinosylated flavonoids. Moreover, by virtue of their transglycosylation activity, glycoconjugates with glucosyl and rutinosyl moieties are accessible. Here we report the biochemical characterization and biotechnological assessment of two heterologously expressed members of GH5-23—McGlc from Mucor circinelloides and PcGlc from Penicillium chrysogenum. Both enzymes exhibited the highest hydrolytic activities with quercetin-3-β-O-glucopyranoside, whereas lower specificity constants were determined with the rutinosides narcissin, rutin and hesperidin. High stabilities against thermal, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced inactivation, a very limited secondary hydrolysis of the formed transglycosylation products, and no detectable product inhibition were additional features appropriate for biotechnological applications. The enzymes were compared in their efficiencies to hydrolyze rutin and to synthesize 2-phenylethyl rutinoside under homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction conditions using high rutin concentrations of 100 and 300 mM. Highest transglycosylation efficiencies were achieved with fully dissolved rutin in reaction mixtures containing 25% dimethyl sulfoxide. Molecular docking and multiple sequence alignments suggest that the hydrophobic environment of aromatic residues within the + 1 subsite of GH5-23 glycosidases is very important for the binding of flavonoid glucosides and rutinosides.
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Netzel G, Mikkelsen D, Flanagan BM, Netzel ME, Gidley MJ, Williams BA. Metabolism of Black Carrot Polyphenols during In Vitro Fermentation is Not Affected by Cellulose or Cell Wall Association. Foods 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 33371245 PMCID: PMC7766557 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable polyphenols are associated with health benefits, and those not absorbed could be fermented by the gastro-intestinal tract microbiota. Many fermentation studies focus on "pure" polyphenols, rather than those associated with plant cell walls (PCW). Black carrots (BlkC), are an ideal model plant food as their polyphenols bind to PCW with minimal release after gastro-intestinal digestion. BlkC were fractionated into three components-supernatant, pellet after centrifugation, and whole puree. Bacterial cellulose (BCell) was soaked in supernatant (BCell&S) as a model substrate. All substrates were fermented in vitro with a pig faecal inoculum. Gas kinetics, short chain fatty acids, and ammonium production, and changes in anthocyanins and phenolic acids were compared. This study showed that metabolism of BlkC polyphenols during in vitro fermentation was not affected by cellulose/cell wall association. In addition, BCell&S is an appropriate model to represent BlkC fermentation, suggesting the potential to examine fermentability of PCW-associated polyphenols in other fruits/vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernadine M. Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Michael E. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Michael J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Barbara A. Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
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9
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Shen L, Xiong X, Zhang D, Zekrumah M, Hu Y, Gu X, Wang C, Zou X. Optimization of betacyanins from agricultural by-products using pressurized hot water extraction for antioxidant and in vitro oleic acid-induced steatohepatitis inhibitory activity. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13044. [PMID: 31515832 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) is proposed to recover betacyanins from agricultural by-products (pitaya fruits peels (PFP), red beet stalks (RBS), and cactus pear peels (CPP)). The extraction yield of betacyanins was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal PHWE conditions were attained and the actual yields of betacyanins under optimal conditions were well matched with the predicted yields. In addition, betacyanin pigment compositions as well as superoxide anion scavenging activity of individual betacyanins extract (BE) produced in optimal PHWE conditions were characterized by HPLC-ESI/MSn and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of three BEs on oleic acid-induced steatohepatitis in cellular model was comparatively investigated. The results showed that unlike PFP, RBS, and CPP presented excellent efficacy in decreasing intracellular triglyceride and reactive oxygen species, inhibiting the release of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as regulating fatty acid synthase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 mRNAs expression. Practical applications In this study, PHWE, is firstly proposed for the enhancement of the extraction of betacyanins from three agricultural by-products. Betacyanin-rich extracts by PHWE method exhibit excellent activities in inhibition of ROS and regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatic cells. It suggests that PHWE has a strong potentiality in keeping bioactivity of BEs, which is significant for the production of betacyanins functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqin Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Jiangsu Hengshun Group Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Yuqian Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiangyue Gu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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NMR Based Metabolomic Analysis of Health Promoting Phytochemicals in Lentils. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080168. [PMID: 31412621 PMCID: PMC6724105 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentils are a high-protein plant food and a valuable source of human nutrition, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. However, beyond sustenance, there is evidence that the consumption of lentils (and legumes in general) is associated with decreased risk of diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lentils contain health-promoting phytochemicals, such as trigonelline and various polyphenolics. Fourteen lentil genotypes were grown at three locations to explore the variation in phytochemical composition in hulls and cotyledons. Significant differences were measured between genotypes and environments, with some genotypes more affected by environment than others. However, there was a strong genetic effect which indicated that future breeding programs could breed for lentils that product more of these health-promoting phytochemicals.
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Hussain T, Al-Attas OS, Alamery S, Ahmed M, Odeibat HAM, Alrokayan S. The plant flavonoid, fisetin alleviates cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation in Wistar rat lungs. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12962. [PMID: 31368542 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant flavonoid, fisetin against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation in rat lungs. Male Wistar rats were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) with or without administration of fisetin. Fisetin administration to CS-exposed rats resulted in a significant reduction in neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 levels in lung tissues compared to those in CS-exposed rats not treated with fisetin. Fisetin also significantly augmented lung hemoxinase-1, glutathione peroxidase-2, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) levels in CS-exposed rats. In addition, a marked reversal in CS-induced histopathological changes was noted in fisetin-treated rats. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential of fisetin to blunt CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the lung and to prevent tissue damage via the Nrf2-mediated upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present study, we found that the plant flavonoid, fisetin significantly abrogated the oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage induced by cigarette smoke, a powerful pro-oxidant in rat lungs. Additionally, fisetin markedly reversed cigarette smoke-induced increases in neutrophil and macrophage cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings are particularly significant considering the association of cigarette smoking with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, which are central to the pathologies of a wide variety of chronic diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the present work underscores the beneficial effects of the regular consumption of plant-based foods with medicinal properties for the effective prevention of these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajamul Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza A M Odeibat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alrokayan
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Giuffrè AM. Bergamot ( Citrus bergamia, Risso): The Effects of Cultivar and Harvest Date on Functional Properties of Juice and Cloudy Juice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E221. [PMID: 31336933 PMCID: PMC6680538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reggio Calabria province (South Italy) is known for being almost the only area of cultivation of the bergamot fruit, grown principally for its essential oil, but today much studied for the health benefits of its juice. The biometrics and physico-chemical properties of the three (Citrus bergamia Risso) existing genotypes namely Castagnaro, Fantastico and Femminello were studied during fruit ripening from October to March. Castagnaro cultivar had the biggest and heaviest fruit during this harvest period. °Brix (7.9-10.0), pH (2.2-2.8) and formol number (1.47-2.37 mL NaOH 0.1 N/100 mL) were shown to be influenced by both the genotype and harvest date. Titratable acidity (34.98-59.50 g/L) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) (341-867 g/L) decreased during fruit ripening. The evolution of flavonoids such as neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin, brutieridin and melitidin was studied both in bergamot juice and in the bergamot cloudy juice which is the aqueous extract of bergamot during fruit processing. Bergamot cloudy juice contained a higher quantity of flavonoids compared to the juice. This study gives important information regarding the cultivar and the harvest date for producers who want to obtain the highest juice quantity or the highest juice quality from the bergamot fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, AGRARIA-Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Risorse forestali, Ambiente Risorse zootecniche, Ingegneria agraria, Alimenti-Contrada Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Sun X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Shin HC, Wang Y, Shen L, Wang C, Wang S, Zou X. Voltammetric, spectroscopic, and cellular characterization of redox functionality of eckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A: A comparative study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12845. [PMID: 31353689 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interest in phlorotannins has increased in recent years largely due to antioxidant capacity, however, the redox mechanism of phlorotannins is still obscure. In the present study, the electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of eckol (EL) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A), two representative phlorotannin compounds, were comparatively analyzed in a wide pH range using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry as well as spectroscopic assay. The voltammetric study revealed that EL and PFF-A were successively oxidized in three pH-dependent steps. Moreover, it was found that the PFF-A presented a stronger proton and electron transferring activity as compared to EL since PFF-A exhibited lower acid-base dissociation constant (pKa ) value and higher heterogeneous rate constant (kbh ) value in the first oxidation step. These property were further evidenced by comparison of direct antioxidant activity (i.e., superoxide anion and peroxide radicals) as well as indirect antioxidant activity (i.e., mRNA expression of two phase II enzymes) between EL and PFF-A. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phlorotannins from edible algae have been regarded as novel antioxidants those presented high application potential in food industry. Even though antioxidant activity of phlorotannin compounds have been widely investigated in both in vitro and in vivo studies, very few reports focused on electron transferring functionality which is chemical basis for antioxidant process. Herein, the oxidative mechanisms of two representative phlorotannins were comparatively analyzed using multiple electrochemical methods. This is hopefully to give information on the chemical meaning behind the antioxidant activity of dietary phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Centre Testing International Corporation, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaojie Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqin Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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