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Mirrani HM, Noreen Z, Usman S, Shah AA, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Aslam M, Waqas A, Javed T. Magnesium nanoparticles extirpate salt stress in carrots (Daucus carota L.) through metabolomics regulations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108383. [PMID: 38286092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Underground vegetables are sensitive and vulnerable to salt stress. The vegetables are the main source of vitamins, nutrients and minerals in human diet. Also contain healthy carbohydrates, antioxidant and resistant starch which are beneficial for human health. Salinity influences water balance, morphological appearance and cellular interference of crop plants. It also caused disproportion of nutrients which usually affects the physiochemical processes in plant. Salt stress also affect biochemical attributes and hampers the growth of underground organs, due to which yield of crop decreased. The nanoparticles had been potentially used for better crop yield, in the recent. In our research study, we elaborate the positive response of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on the morphological and biochemical parameters as well as anti-oxidant enzymes action on two accessions of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under salt stress of 40 mM and 80 mM. In a pilot experiment, various levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) of MgO-NPs were tested through foliar application on carrot plants. Foliar application of MgO-NPs at concentration of 150 mg/L was most effective treatment and ameliorate the salt stress in both carrot accessions (DC-03 and DC-90). The MgO-NPs significantly enhanced the morphological and biochemical parameters. The yield was significantly increased with the exposure of MgO-NPs. Our results thus confirmed the potential of MgO-NPs to endorse the plant development and growth under salinity. However, further research study is needed to explore effectiveness of MgO-NPs in various other plants for the ameliorant of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Mehdi Mirrani
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheeraz Usman
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waqas
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Sahu A, Verma R, Gupta U, Kashyap S, Sanyal I. An Overview of Targeted Genome Editing Strategies for Reducing the Biosynthesis of Phytic Acid: an Anti-nutrient in Crop Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:11-25. [PMID: 37061991 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Anti-nutrients are substances either found naturally or are of synthetic origin, which leads to the inactivation of nutrients and limits their utilization in metabolic processes. Phytic acid is classified as an anti-nutrient, as it has a strong binding affinity with most minerals like Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Cd and impairs their proper metabolism. Removing anti-nutrients from cereal grains may enable the bioavailability of both macro- and micronutrients which is the desired goal of genetic engineering tools for the betterment of agronomic traits. Several strategies have been adopted to minimize phytic acid content in plants. Pursuing the molecular strategies, there are several studies, which result in the decrement of the total phytic acid content in grains of major as well as minor crops. Biosynthesis of phytic acid mainly takes place in the seed comprising lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways, involving various enzymes. Furthermore, some studies show that interruption of these enzymes may involve the pleiotropic effect. However, using modern biotechnological approaches, undesirable agronomic traits can be removed. This review presents an overview of different genes encoding the various enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of phytic acid which is being targeted for its reduction. It also, highlights and enumerates the variety of potential applications of genome editing tools such as TALEN, ZFN, and CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the desired genes, and RNAi for their silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Sahu
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | - Rita Verma
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | - Uma Gupta
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | - Shashi Kashyap
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India.
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Khan WA, Penrose B, Shabala S, Zhang X, Cao F, Zhou M. Mapping QTL for Mineral Accumulation and Shoot Dry Biomass in Barley under Different Levels of Zinc Supply. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14333. [PMID: 37762635 PMCID: PMC10532338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a common limiting factor in agricultural soils, which leads to significant reduction in both the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural produce. Exploring the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for shoot and grain Zn accumulation would help to develop new barley cultivars with greater Zn accumulation efficiency. In this study, two glasshouse experiments were conducted by growing plants under adequate and low Zn supply. From the preliminary screening of ten barley cultivars, Sahara (0.05 mg/pot) and Yerong (0.06 mg/pot) showed the lowest change in shoot Zn accumulation, while Franklin (0.16 mg/pot) had the highest change due to changes in Zn supply for plant growth. Therefore, the double haploid (DH) population derived from Yerong × Franklin was selected to identify QTL for shoot mineral accumulation and biomass production. A major QTL hotspot was detected on chromosome 2H between 31.91 and 73.12 cM encoding genes for regulating shoot mineral accumulations of Zn, Fe, Ca, K and P, and the biomass. Further investigation demonstrated 16 potential candidate genes for mineral accumulation, in addition to a single candidate gene for shoot biomass in the identified QTL region. This study provides a useful resource for enhancing nutritional quality and yield potential in future barley breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Amjad Khan
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Beth Penrose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
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Title: The Diversity of Phytic acid content and grain processing play decisive role on minerals bioavailability in rice. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tp MA, Kumar A, Anilkumar C, Sah RP, Behera S, Marndi BC. Understanding natural genetic variation for grain phytic acid content and functional marker development for phytic acid-related genes in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:446. [PMID: 36114452 PMCID: PMC9482188 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional value of rice can be improved by developing varieties with optimum levels of grain phytic acid (PA). Artificial low-PA mutants with impaired PA biosynthesis have been developed in rice through induced mutagenesis. However, low-PA mutant stocks with drastically reduced grain PA content have poor breeding potential, and their use in rice breeding is restricted due to their detrimental pleiotropic effects, which include decreased seed viability, low grain weight, and low seed yield. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the natural variation in grain PA content in order to reduce the PA content to an ideal level without compromising the crop's agronomic performance. Natural genetic diversity in grain PA content has not been thoroughly examined among elite genetic stocks. Additionally, given grain PA content as a quantitative trait driven by polygenes, DNA marker-assisted selection may be required for manipulation of such a trait; however, informative DNA markers for PA content have not yet been identified in rice. Here we investigated and dissected natural genetic variation and genetic variability components for grain PA content in rice varieties cultivated in Eastern and North-Eastern India during the last 50 years. We developed novel gene-based markers for the low-PA-related candidate genes in rice germplasm, and their allelic diversity and association with natural variation in grain PA content were studied. RESULTS A wide (0.3-2.8%), significant variation for grain PA content, with decade-wise and ecology-wise differences, was observed among rice varieties. Significant genotype x environment interaction suggested polygenic inheritance. The novel candidate gene-based markers detected 43 alleles in the rice varieties. The new markers were found highly informative as indicated by PIC values (0.11-0.65; average: 0.34) and coverage of total diversity. Marker alleles developed from two putative transporter genes viz., SPDT and OsPT8 were significantly associated with grain PA variation assayed on the panel. A 201 bp allele at the 3' UTR of SPDT gene was negatively associated with grain PA content and explained 7.84% of the phenotypic variation. A rare allele in the coding sequence of OsPT8 gene was positively associated with grain PA content which explained phenotypic variation of 18.49%. CONCLUSION Natural variation in grain PA content is substantial and is mostly controlled by genetic factors. The unique DNA markers linked with PA content have significant potential as genomic resources for the development of low-PA rice varieties through genomics-assisted breeding procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Chandrappa Anilkumar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Rameswar Prasad Sah
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India.
| | - Sasmita Behera
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Bishnu Charan Marndi
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
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Behera B, Kancheti M, Raza MB, Shiv A, Mangal V, Rathod G, Altaf MA, Kumar A, Aftab T, Kumar R, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Singh B. Mechanistic insight on boron-mediated toxicity in plant vis-a-vis its mitigation strategies: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:9-26. [PMID: 35298319 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2049694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient, crucial for the growth and development of crop plants. However, the essential to a toxic range of B in the plant is exceptionally narrow, and symptoms develop with a slight change in its concentration in soil. The morphological and anatomical response, such as leaf chlorosis, stunted growth, and impairment in the xylem and phloem development occurs under B-toxicity. The transport of B in the plant occurs via transpiration stream with the involvement of B-channels and transporter in the roots. The higher accumulation of B in source and sink tissue tends to have lower photosynthetic, chlorophyll content, infertility, failure of pollen tube formation and germination, impairment of cell wall formation, and disruption of membrane systems. Excess B in the plant hinders the uptake of other micronutrients, hormone transport, and metabolite partitioning. B-mediated reactive oxygen species production leads to the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes which help to scavenge these molecules and prevent the plant from further oxidative damage. This review highlights morpho-anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of the plant under B toxicity and thereby might help the researchers to understand the related mechanism and design strategies to develop B tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Md Basit Raza
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aalok Shiv
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Mangal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Gajendra Rathod
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
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Chourasia KN, More SJ, Kumar A, Kumar D, Singh B, Bhardwaj V, Kumar A, Das SK, Singh RK, Zinta G, Tiwari RK, Lal MK. Salinity responses and tolerance mechanisms in underground vegetable crops: an integrative review. PLANTA 2022; 255:68. [PMID: 35169941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review gives an insight into the salinity stress tolerance responses and mechanisms of underground vegetable crops. Phytoprotectants, agronomic practices, biofertilizers, and modern biotechnological approaches are crucial for salinity stress management. Underground vegetables are the source of healthy carbohydrates, resistant starch, antioxidants, vitamins, mineral, and nutrients which benefit human health. Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture that severely affects the growth, development, and productivity of underground vegetable crops. Salt stress induces several morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes in crop plants which include reduction in plant height, leaf area, and biomass. Also, salinity stress impedes the growth of the underground organs, which ultimately reduces crop yield. Moreover, salt stress is detrimental to photosynthesis, membrane integrity, nutrient balance, and leaf water content. Salt tolerance mechanisms involve a complex interplay of several genes, transcription factors, and proteins that are involved in the salinity tolerance mechanism in underground crops. Besides, a coordinated interaction between several phytoprotectants, phytohormones, antioxidants, and microbes is needed. So far, a comprehensive review of salinity tolerance responses and mechanisms in underground vegetables is not available. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of salt stress effects on underground vegetable crops at different levels of biological organization and discuss the underlying salt tolerance mechanisms. Also, the role of multi-omics in dissecting gene and protein regulatory networks involved in salt tolerance mechanisms is highlighted, which can potentially help in breeding salt-tolerant underground vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nishant Chourasia
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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