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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Ellakany HF, Elbestawy AR, Abaza SS, Geneedy AM, Khafaga AF, Salem HM, Abd El-Aziz AH, Selim S, Babalghith AO, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA. Inhibition of microbial pathogens in farmed fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114003. [PMID: 36030638 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture, also known as aqua farming, is defined as farming fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, and other marine organisms. It includes cultivating fresh- and saltwater populations under controlled conditions compared to commercial fishing or wild fish harvesting. Worldwide, carp, salmon, tilapia, and catfish are the most common fish species used in fish farming in descending order. Disinfectants prevent and/or treat different infections in aquatic animals. The current review indicates the uses of different disinfectants against some important pathogens in aquaculture, with particular reference to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming. A single review cannot cover all aspects of disinfection throughout aquaculture, so the procedures and principles of disinfection in tilapia farming/aquaculture have been chosen for illustration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hany F Ellakany
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Samar S Abaza
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Amr M Geneedy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman H Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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Aich N, Paul A, Choudhury TG, Saha H. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) disease: Current status of understanding. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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A major quantitative trait locus affecting resistance to Tilapia lake virus in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:334-343. [PMID: 34262170 PMCID: PMC8405827 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing host resistance to infectious disease has received increasing attention in recent years as a major goal of farm animal breeding programs. Combining field data with genomic tools can provide opportunities to understand the genetic architecture of disease resistance, leading to new opportunities for disease control. In the current study, a genome-wide association study was performed to assess resistance to the Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), one of the biggest threats affecting Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); a key aquaculture species globally. A pond outbreak of TiLV in a pedigreed population of the GIFT strain was observed, with 950 fish classified as either survivor or mortality, and genotyped using a 65 K SNP array. A significant QTL of large effect was identified on chromosome Oni22. The average mortality rate of tilapia homozygous for the resistance allele at the most significant SNP (P value = 4.51E-10) was 11%, compared to 43% for tilapia homozygous for the susceptibility allele. Several candidate genes related to host response to viral infection were identified within this QTL, including lgals17, vps52, and trim29. These results provide a rare example of a major QTL affecting a trait of major importance to a farmed animal. Genetic markers from the QTL region have potential in marker-assisted selection to improve host resistance, providing a genetic solution to an infectious disease where few other control or mitigation options currently exist.
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Waiyamitra P, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S, Liew WC, Surachetpong W. Infection of Tilapia tilapinevirus in Mozambique Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus), a Globally Vulnerable Fish Species. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061104. [PMID: 34207768 PMCID: PMC8228971 DOI: 10.3390/v13061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia tilapinevirus, or tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a highly contagious virus found in tilapia and its hybrid species that has been reported worldwide, including in Asia, the Americas, and Africa. In this study, we experimentally challenged Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) with a virulent TiLV strain, VETKU-TV01, at both low (1 × 103 TCID50/mL) and high (1 × 105 TCID50/mL) concentration. After the challenge, the Mozambique tilapia showed pale skin with some hemorrhage and erosion, lethargy, abdominal swelling, congestion around the eye, and exophthalmos; there was a cumulative mortality rate at 48.89% and 77.78% in the groups that received the low and high concentration, respectively. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of TiLV in the internal organs of moribund fish. Notably, severe histopathological changes, including glycogen depletion, syncytial hepatic cells containing multiple nuclei and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and infiltration of melanomacrophage into the spleen, were frequently found in the Mozambique tilapia challenged with high TiLV concentration. Comparatively, the infectivity and pathology of the TiLV infection in Mozambique tilapia and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) were found to be similar. Our results confirmed the susceptibility of Mozambique tilapia, which has recently been determined to be a vulnerable species, to TiLV infection, expanding knowledge that the virus can cause disease in this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaporn Waiyamitra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.P.); (S.T.)
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.P.); (S.T.)
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Woei Chang Liew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore;
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Zeng W, Wang Y, Hu H, Wang Q, Bergmann SM, Wang Y, Li B, Lv Y, Li H, Yin J, Li Y. Cell Culture-Derived Tilapia Lake Virus-Inactivated Vaccine Containing Montanide Adjuvant Provides High Protection against Viral Challenge for Tilapia. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020086. [PMID: 33503930 PMCID: PMC7911875 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a newly emerging pathogen responsible for high mortality and economic losses in the global tilapia industry. Currently, no antiviral therapy or vaccines are available for the control of this disease. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the immunological effects and protective efficacy of formaldehyde- and β-propiolactone-inactivated vaccines against TiLV in the presence and absence of the Montanide IMS 1312 VG adjuvant in tilapia. We found that β-propiolactone inactivation of viral particles generated a vaccine with a higher protection efficacy against virus challenge than did formaldehyde. The relative percent survivals of vaccinated fish at doses of 108, 107, and 106 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL were 42.9%, 28.5%, and 14.3% in the absence of the adjuvant and 85.7%, 64.3%, and 32.1% in its presence, respectively. The vaccine generated specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies against TiLV at 3 weeks following immunization that were significantly increased after a second booster immunization. The steady state mRNA levels of the genes tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Ia, and MHC-II were all increased and indicated successful immune stimulation against TiLV. The vaccine also significantly lowered the viral loads and resulted in significant increases in survival, indicating that the vaccine may also inhibit viral proliferation as well as stimulate a protective antibody response. The β-propiolactone-inactivated TiLV vaccine coupled with the adjuvant Montanide IMS 1312 VG and booster immunizations can provide a high level of protection from virus challenge in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huzi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Sven M. Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Yahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuefeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510380, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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Yamkasem J, Roy SRK, Khemthong M, Gardner IA, Surachetpong W. Diagnostic sensitivity of pooled samples for the detection of tilapia lake virus and application to the estimation of within-farm prevalence. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3519-3528. [PMID: 33319512 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious novel orthomyxo-like RNA virus that is negatively impacting tilapia production worldwide. To prevent TiLV from spreading globally, the infection status of source farms needs to be established prior to the movement of live tilapia to minimize the risk of horizontal transmission. However, testing individual fish for TiLV requires large sample sizes, when within-farm prevalence is low and is costly, time-consuming, and labour-intensive. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of pool testing for TiLV detection and to estimate within-farm prevalence based on the percentage of positive pooled samples. Pooled samples of liver and spleen were prepared by diluting different numbers of positive tissue samples with negative homogenate tissue samples. A tissue pool from 5 or 10 individual fish containing at least one TiLV-positive sample was sufficient to yield a positive result except when cycle threshold (Ct) values were between 31 and the cut-off value of 34. Additionally, our study characterized viral load in two farms after TiLV outbreaks. Bayesian modelling showed that within-farm prevalence could be estimated from the percentage of positive pools of size 5 using prior information about pool sensitivity and specificity, and prevalence, and assuming random sampling of tilapia from infected ponds. Ninety-five percent posterior intervals for prevalence were slightly wider than those obtained based on the results of individual samples. Findings in the present study corroborate the use of a pooling strategy for post-outbreak surveillance of TiLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Yamkasem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sri Rajiv Kumar Roy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matepiya Khemthong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ian A Gardner
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Surachetpong W, Roy SRK, Nicholson P. Tilapia lake virus: The story so far. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1115-1132. [PMID: 32829488 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has detrimental effects on tilapia farming. This virus was discovered in 2014 and has received tremendous global attention from the aquaculture sector due to its association with high fish mortalities and its strong economic impact on the tilapia aquaculture industry. Currently, TiLV has been reported in 16 countries, and this number is continuing to rise due to improved diagnostic assays and surveillance activities around the world. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of TiLV with regard to TiLV host species, the clinical signs of a TiLV infection, the affected tissues, pathogenesis and potential disease risk factors. We also describe the reported information concerning the virus itself: its morphology, genetic make-up and transmission pathways. We review the current methods for virus detection and potential control measures. We close the review of the TiLV story so far, by offering a commentary on the major TiLV research gaps, why these are delaying future TiLV research and why the TiLV field needs to come together and proceed as a more collaborative scientific community if there is any hope limiting the impact of this serious virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sri Rajiv Kumar Roy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Optimizing the impacts of an invasive species on the threatened endemic biota of a remote RAMSAR site: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kibenge FS. Emerging viruses in aquaculture. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:97-103. [PMID: 30711892 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture remains the world's fastest-growing sector producing food of animal origin. Unlike in terrestrial animal agriculture, in aquaculture both farmed and wild aquatic animals in the same water column experience the same virus challenges. Additionally, the burgeoning international aquaculture expansion and expanding global trade in live aquatic animals and their products have been accompanied by long distance geographical redistribution of aquatic animal species and their viruses. The outcome is a continuous emergence of viral diseases in aquaculture, which may be driven by virus factors, animal host factors, environmental factors, and/or anthropogenic factors. Examples of emerging viruses in aquaculture include viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious salmon anaemia virus, piscine orthoreovirus, Tilapia lake virus, Covert mortality nodavirus, Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus, and Abalone herpesvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Sb Kibenge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, P E I C1A 4P3, Canada.
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