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Vázquez-Salgado L, Olveira JG, Dopazo CP, Bandín I. Detection of different Betanodavirus genotypes in wild fish from Spanish Atlantic coastal waters (Galicia, northwestern Spain). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2024; 36:57-69. [PMID: 37787030 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nervous necrosis virus (NNV; genus Betanodavirus) is an aquatic pathogen that is responsible for a neurological disease affecting marine fish. Despite its almost worldwide distribution, global warming could favor the spread of NNV to new areas, highlighting the importance of conducting epidemiological surveys on both wild and farmed marine fish species. In this study, we assessed NNV prevalence in wild fish caught along the Galician Atlantic coast. METHODS In total, 1277 fish were analyzed by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULT Twenty two (1.72%) of those fish tested positive for NNV, including two species in which the pathogen had not yet been reported. CONCLUSION The reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV (red-spotted grouper NNV/striped jack NNV) was detected in 55% of NNV-positive individuals, while the remaining 45% harbored the SJNNV-type genome. Moreover, from European Pilchard Sardina pilchardus and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus, we isolated four reassortant strains that carried amino acid mutations at key sites related to NNV-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vázquez-Salgado
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José G Olveira
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos P Dopazo
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Souto S, Mérour E, Le Coupanec A, Lamoureux A, Bernard J, Brémont M, Millet JK, Biacchesi S. Recombinant viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus with rearranged genomes as vaccine vectors to protect against lethal betanodavirus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138961. [PMID: 36999033 PMCID: PMC10043230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) caused by the enveloped novirhabdovirus VHSV, and the non-enveloped betanodavirus nervous necrosis virus (NNV), respectively, represent two of the main viral infectious threats for aquaculture worldwide. Non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses such as VHSV are subject to a transcription gradient dictated by the order of the genes in their genomes. With the goal of developing a bivalent vaccine against VHSV and NNV infection, the genome of VHSV has been engineered to modify the gene order and to introduce an expression cassette encoding the major protective antigen domain of NNV capsid protein. The NNV Linker-P specific domain was duplicated and fused to the signal peptide (SP) and the transmembrane domain (TM) derived from novirhabdovirus glycoprotein to obtain expression of antigen at the surface of infected cells and its incorporation into viral particles. By reverse genetics, eight recombinant VHSVs (rVHSV), termed NxGyCz according to the respective positions of the genes encoding the nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) as well as the expression cassette (C) along the genome, have been successfully recovered. All rVHSVs have been fully characterized in vitro for NNV epitope expression in fish cells and incorporation into VHSV virions. Safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rVHSVs has been tested in vivo in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sole (Solea senegalensis). Following bath immersion administration of the various rVHSVs to juvenile trout, some of the rVHSVs were attenuated and protective against a lethal VHSV challenge. Results indicate that rVHSV N2G1C4 is safe and protective against VHSV challenge in trout. In parallel, juvenile sole were injected with rVHSVs and challenged with NNV. The rVHSV N2G1C4 is also safe, immunogenic and efficiently protects sole against a lethal NNV challenge, thus presenting a promising starting point for the development of a bivalent live attenuated vaccine candidate for the protection of these two commercially valuable fish species against two major diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Souto
- Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Biacchesi, ; Sandra Souto,
| | - Emilie Mérour
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Le Coupanec
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Annie Lamoureux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Brémont
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean K. Millet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphane Biacchesi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Biacchesi, ; Sandra Souto,
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