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Sun Kim B, Ko EJ, Choi J, Chang Y, Bai J. Isolation, characterization, and application of a lytic bacteriophage SSP49 to control Staphylococcus aureus contamination on baby spinach leaves. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114848. [PMID: 39147476 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major foodborne pathogen, is frequently detected in fresh produce. It often causes food poisoning accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Additionally, the abuse of antibiotics to control S. aureus has resulted in the emergence of antibiotics-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin resistant S. aureus. Therefore, bacteriophage, a natural antimicrobial agent, has been suggested as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, a lytic phage SSP49 that specifically infects S. aureus was isolated from a sewage sample, and its morphological, biological, and genetic characteristics were determined. We found that phage SSP49 belongs to the Straboviridae family (Caudoviricetes class) and maintained host growth inhibition for 30 h in vitro. In addition, it showed high host specificity and a broad host range against various S. aureus strains. Receptor analysis revealed that phage SSP49 utilized cell wall teichoic acid as a host receptor. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the genome size of SSP49 was 137,283 bp and it contained 191 open reading frames. The genome of phage SSP49 did not contain genes related to lysogen formation, bacterial toxicity, and antibiotic resistance, suggesting its safety in food application. The activity of phage SSP49 was considerably stable under various high temperature and pH conditions. Furthermore, phage SSP49 effectively inhibited S. aureus growth on baby spinach leaves both at 4 °C and 25 °C while maintaining the numbers of active phage during treatments (reductions of 1.2 and 2.1 log CFU/cm2, respectively). Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of phage SSP49 as an alternative natural biocontrol agent against S. aureus contamination in fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Sun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Ko
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Bai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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Long LF, Zhao QF, Zhang FL, Tang R, Wei JB, Guan S, Chen Y. Inhibitory effect of benzocaine from Schisandra chinensis on Alternaria alternata. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6691. [PMID: 38509170 PMCID: PMC10954763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical effects of Schisandra chinensis against human disease are well-documented; however, studies on its application in controlling plant pathogens are limited. Here, we investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of Alternaria alternata, a fungus which causes significant post-harvest losses on apples, known as black spot disease. S. chinensis fruit extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. alternata with an EC50 of 1882.00 mg/L. There were 157 compounds identified in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, where benzocaine constituted 14.19% of the extract. Antifungal experiments showed that the inhibitory activity of benzocaine on A. alternata was 43.77-fold higher than the crude extract. The application of benzocaine before and after A. alternata inoculation on apples prevented the pathogen infection and led to mycelial distortion according to scanning electron microscopy. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 4226 genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated A. alternata-infected apples with benzocaine. Metabolomics analysis led to the identification of 155 metabolites. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that benzocaine may inhibit A. alternata growth via the beta-alanine metabolic pathway. Overall, S. chinensis extract and benzocaine are environmentally friendly plant-based fungicides with potential to control A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang Long
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Fang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fu Long Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Kingbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bayannur, 015200, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jia Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Ning J, Wang W. Nucleic acid strand displacement for indirect determination of foodborne bacteria by capillary electrophoresis and its application in antagonism and bacteriostasis studies. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:318-326. [PMID: 37824215 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne bacteria threaten human's health. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation means for the determination of bacteria. Direct separation of bacteria suffers from the shortages of low resolution, channel adsorption, and bacterial aggregation. In this work, a method of nucleic acid strand displacement was developed to indirect separate the bacteria by CE. DNA complexes, consisting of probes and aptamers, were mixed with the three bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aptamers could specifically bond with bacteria and release the probes. Through the separation of the probes, the bacteria could be indirectly determined by CE. This method avoided the shortages of direct separation of bacteria. Under the optimized conditions, the three probes for the bacteria could be separated and detected within 2.5 min by high-speed CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The limits of detection for the bacteria were in the range 4.20 × 106 to 1.75 × 107 CFU/mL. Finally, the developed method was applied on the study of antagonism of the coexistent bacteria to reveal the relationship between them. Furthermore, the efficiency of bacteriostasis of three traditional Chinese medicines, Coptis chinensis, Schisandra chinensis, and honeysuckle, was also studied by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Sobstyl E, Szopa A, Olszowy-Tomczyk M, Gnat S, Jafernik K, Choma IM. Chromatographic and Biological Screening of Chosen Species of Schisandraceae Family: Schisandra chinensis, S. rubriflora, S. sphenanthera, S. henryi and Kadsura japonica. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300741. [PMID: 37694741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
HPLC and TLC profiling was carried out for leaf and fruit extracts of five Schisandraceae species: Schisandra chinensis, S. rubriflora, S. spehenanthera, S. henryi and Kadsura japonica. HPLC measurements confirmed presence of lignans and phenolic compounds in fruits and leaves of all tested species. The most abundant in lignans was S. chinensis fruit extract in which 15 compounds were detected (e. g.: schisandrol A, schisanhenol, γ-schisandrin, gomisin N). The effect-directed detection, i. e., TLC-direct bioautography against Bacillus subtilis, showed exceptionally high activity for S. chinensis and S. rubriflora fruit extracts. On the other hand, TLC-DB enzyme tests (α-glucosidase, lipase, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assays) showed that all fruit and leaf extracts have ability to inhibit the above-mentioned enzymes (except for the K. japonica fruit). The leaf extracts showed much stronger antioxidant activity than the fruit ones, which were assessed and compared using both TLC-direct bioautography and spectrophotometric measurements based on ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sobstyl
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Str. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Maria Choma
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi ( Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) Extracts against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052268. [PMID: 36903518 PMCID: PMC10005123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major concern for global public health. This study aimed to optimize the liquid-solid extraction of Wu Wei Zi extracts (WWZE) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, identify its main components, and investigate the anti-biofilm action. The extraction conditions optimized by the single-factor test and response surface methodology were ethanol concentration of 69%, temperature at 91 °C, time of 143 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 mL/g. After high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, it was found that the main active ingredients of WWZE were schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, schisanhenol, and schisandrin A-C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of WWZE, schisantherin A, and schisandrol B measured by broth microdilution assay was 1.25, 0.625, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIC of the other five compounds was higher than 2.5 mg/mL, indicating that schisantherin A and schizandrol B were the main antibacterial components of WWZE. Crystal violet, Coomassie brilliant blue, Congo red plate, spectrophotometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to evaluate the effect of WWZE on the biofilm of V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed that WWZE could exert its dose-dependent potential to effectively inhibit the formation of V. parahaemolyticus biofilm and clear mature biofilm by significantly destroying the cell membrane integrity of V. parahaemolyticus, inhibiting the synthesis of intercellular polysaccharide adhesin (PIA), extracellular DNA secretion, and reducing the metabolic activity of biofilm. This study reported for the first time the favorable anti-biofilm effect of WWZE against V. parahaemolyticus, which provides a basis for deepening the application of WWZE in the preservation of aquatic products.
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Li H, Fan C, Liu J, Wang B, Li H. Integration of full-length transcriptomes and anthocyanin metabolite analysis for understanding fruit coloration mechanism in Schisandra chinensis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:921-933. [PMID: 35722508 PMCID: PMC9203629 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coloration directly affects the commercial value of Schisandra chinensis fruits. The composition and content of anthocyanin determine the S. chinensis fruit coloration. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation in this fruit remains unknown. In this study, we performed integrative full-length transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics analyses in S. chinensis fruits at four different developmental stages to elucidate the coloration mechanism. Cyanidin3-O-xyl-rutinoside is the key anthocyanin, which is responsible for the reddening of S. chinensis fruits, and its accumulation gradually accelerated from the 80th day after fluorescence. Overall, 122,289 unigenes with an average length of 2592 bp and an N50 of 4232 bp were obtained through single-molecule real-time sequencing; a total of 16,456 differentially expressed genes were identified. Moreover, 10 full-length structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were found to be significantly differentially expressed with fruit ripening. Moreover, 10 glycosyltransferases (GTs) that may possess the activities of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase, and xylosyltransferases, which are involved in the final three steps for cyanidin3-O-xyl-rutinoside synthesis, were identified through phylogenetic analysis. Based on these findings, we constructed the complete anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in S. chinensis fruits; five ScMYBs, three ScbHLHs, and two ScWD40s potentially involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in S. chinensis fruits were also selected. Our study provides the foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation for improving the quality of S. chinensis fruits. The results of full-length transcriptomes would provide researchers with novel insights into the molecular cloning of enzymes and their activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01179-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Chunxue Fan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Biao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Hongbo Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
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Lee J, Sung JM, Cho HJ, Woo SH, Kang MC, Yong HI, Kim TK, Lee H, Choi YS. Natural Extracts as Inhibitors of Microorganisms and Lipid Oxidation in Emulsion Sausage during Storage. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:1060-1077. [PMID: 34796331 PMCID: PMC8564319 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food additives are required to maintain the freshness and quality of foods,
particularly meats. However, chemical additives may not be preferred by
consumers, and natural materials with antimicrobial and antioxidant effects may
be used as replacements for common chemical additives. Accordingly, in this
study, we compared the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of natural
compounds extracted with ethanol and hot water, and emulsion sausage prepared
with natural ethanol extracts was analyzed for pH, color, thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS), and Clostridium perfringens growth
during storage. The antimicrobial activities of 49 natural extract candidates
against Listeria monocytogenes, C.
perfringens, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia
coli were analyzed, and six natural materials with excellent
antibacterial activities, i.e., Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. f.
nakaiana (Araki) H. Ohba, Punica granatum
L., Ecklonia cava, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner,
and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., and Rubus
coreanus Miq. were evaluated to determine their total polyphenol
contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The total polyphenol contents
of ethanol extracts were higher than those of hot water extracts, whereas DPPH
radical scavenging activity was found to be higher in hot water extracts. The
TBARS values of emulsion sausages were significantly increased as storage time
increased, and the TBARS values of emulsion sausages prepared with natural
extracts were lower than those of control sausages. Natural extract-treated
emulsion sausages showed a 99% reduction in bacterial contents compared
with untreated sausages on day 2, with greater than 99.9% reduction after
day 3. Thus, these results demonstrated that natural extracts could have
applications as natural preservatives in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Sung
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Woo
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Cui SM, Li T, Liang HY, He KK, Zheng YM, Tang M, Ke CR, Song LY. Antibacterial activities and mechanisms of vine tea extract and 2R, 3R-Dihydromyricetin on Escherichia coli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun Z, Zhang X, Wu H, Wang H, Bian H, Zhu Y, Xu W, Liu F, Wang D, Fu L. Antibacterial activity and action mode of chlorogenic acid against Salmonella Enteritidis, a foodborne pathogen in chilled fresh chicken. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:24. [PMID: 31965331 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-2799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid (CA) against Salmonella Enteritidis S1, a foodborne pathogen in chilled fresh chicken. Its minimum inhibitory concentration for S. Enteritidis S1 was 2 mM. 1 MIC CA treatment reduced the viable count of S. Enteritidis S1 by 3 log cfu/g in chilled fresh chicken. Scanning electron microscopy examination indicated that CA induced the cell envelope damage of S. Enteritidis S1. Following this, 1-N-Phenylnaphthylamine assay and LPS content analysis indicated that CA induced the permeability of outer membrane (OM). Confocal laser scanning microscopy examination further demonstrated that CA acted on the inner membrane (IM). To support this, the release of intracellular protein and ATP after CA treatment was also observed. CA also suppressed the activities of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, two main metabolic enzymes in TCA cycle and electron transport chain. Thus, damage of intracelluar and outer membranes as well as disruption of cell metabolism resulted in cell death eventually. The finding suggested that CA has the potential to be developed as a preservative to control S. Enteritidis associated foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiao Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Bian
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longyun Fu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Antibacterial Effects of Schisandra chinensis Extract on Escherichia coli and its Applications in Cosmetic. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:865-874. [PMID: 31938806 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis), an edible traditional medicine herb, has a strong constitution, which extract has good antibacterial activity. The study investigated its antibacterial properties on E. coli, to find a candidate for the development as new preservative. In vitro antibacterial assay showed that S. chinensis extract (SCE) effectively inhibited the growth of test bacteria with MBC of 18 mg/mL. In model cosmetic system of O/W emulsions, SCE possessed a great antibacterial capacity. The growth curves of E. coli treated with SCE exhibited an extended lag phase and restricted log phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the treated E. coli cells exhibited wrinkled and withered surfaces, and disappearing outmost layer, suggesting S. chinensis extract can damage S. aureus cell member and wall, in addition, the leakage of periplasm enzyme AKPase and the increased activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca++-ATPase in cell membrane were also consistent with the microscopy results. Moreover, the S. chinensis extract can decrease the activities of dehydrogenase and total ATPase and the content of intracellular proteins, and bind with S. aureus DNA by electrostatic and groove binding. The results indicated that SCE might be a candidate cosmetic preservative for its good antibacterial activity and multiple targets on E. coli.
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