1
|
Li C, Shu P, Shi T, Chen Y, Mei P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Du X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Sheng Z, Chan S, Dan Z. Predicting the potential deterioration of Barrett's esophagus based on gut microbiota: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:399-413. [PMID: 38886201 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most malignant tumors in the digestive system. To make thing worse, the scarcity of treatment options is disheartening. However, if detected early, there is a possibility of reversing the condition. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of relevant early screening methods. Considering that Barrett's esophagus (BE), a precursor lesion of EAC, has been confirmed as the only known precursor of EAC. Analyzing which BE cases will progress to EAC and understanding the processes and mechanisms involved is of great significance for early screening of such patients. Considering the significant alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with BE and its potential role in the progression to EAC, this study aims to analyze the relationship between BE, EAC, and GM to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study utilized comprehensive statistical data on gut microbiota from a large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340). Subsequently, we selected a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that fell below the genome-wide significance threshold (1 × 10-5) as instrumental variables. To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and BE and EAC, we employed various MR analysis methods, including Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median (WM), and weighted mean. Additionally, we assessed the level of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and stability of genetic variations through MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we conducted reverse MR analysis to identify the causal relationships between gut microbiota and BE and EAC. The results from the Inverse Variance-Weighted (IVW) analysis indicate that Alistipes (P = 4.86 × 10-2), Lactobacillus (P = 2.11 × 10-2), Prevotella 7 (P = 4.28 × 10-2), and RuminococcaceaeUCG004 (P = 4.34 × 10-2) are risk factors for Barrett's esophagus (BE), while Flavonifractor (P = 8.81 × 10-3) and RuminococcaceaeUCG004 (P = 4.99 × 10-2) are risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). On the other hand, certain gut microbiota genera appear to have a protective effect against both BE and EAC. These include Eubacterium (nodatum group) (P = 4.51 × 10-2), Holdemania (P = 1.22 × 10-2), and Lactococcus (P = 3.39 × 10-2) in the BE cohort, as well as Eubacterium (hallii group) (P = 4.07 × 10-2) and Actinomyces (P = 3.62 × 10-3) in the EAC cohort. According to the results of reverse MR analysis, no significant causal effects of BE and EAC on gut microbiota were observed. Furthermore, no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected in the instrumental variables. We have established a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and BE and EAC. This study holds profound significance for screening BE patients who may be at risk of deterioration, as it can provide them with timely medical interventions to reverse the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conghan Li
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Panyin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Taiyu Shi
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuerong Chen
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ping Mei
- Department of Radiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui Province, 246000, China
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- College of Anesthesia, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinyan Du
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhijin Sheng
- Department of Physical Education, College of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Shixin Chan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zhangyong Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iijima K. Etiologic factors for Barrett's esophagus: toward countermeasures in Asia. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:407-420. [PMID: 39072626 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2386367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past several decades, Europe and the United States have experienced a rapid increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Research and countermeasures against Barrett's esophagus, its precancerous lesion, are progressing. Because esophageal adenocarcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis when diagnosed in an advanced stage, recommendations for early cancer detection have been made based on the various proven etiological factors of Barrett's esophagus and the actual cancer risk of Barrett's esophagus. In recent years, there have been indications of an increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan, and a similar trend of cancer will occur shortly in other Asian countries. Consequently, Asian countries must implement similar countermeasures against Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, referencing the knowledge gained thus far in Europe and the United States. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest findings on the etiologic factors of Barrett's esophagus and discusses the differences between Westerners and Asians. The current status of Barrett's esophagus in Japan and other Asian countries is also summarized. EXPERT OPINION The etiological factors and cancer incidence of Barrett's esophagus in Asia diverge somewhat from those observed in Europe and America. Therefore, it is imperative to implement measures that are tailored to the actual circumstances of Asian people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang X, Palasuberniam P, Pare R. The Role of Estrogen across Multiple Disease Mechanisms. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8170-8196. [PMID: 39194700 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a significant hormone that is involved in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. In addition to its pivotal role in the reproductive system, estrogen is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Nevertheless, previous research on the role of estrogen in a multitude of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases, and estrogen-dependent cancers, has concentrated on a single disease area, resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of cross-disease mechanisms. This has brought some challenges to the current treatment methods for these diseases, because estrogen as a potential therapeutic tool has not yet fully developed its potential. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the mechanism of estrogen in these seven types of diseases. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between each disease and estrogen, including the ways in which estrogen participates in regulating disease mechanisms, and to outline the efficacy of estrogen in treating these diseases in clinical practice. By studying the role of estrogen in a variety of disease mechanisms, it is hoped that a more accurate theoretical basis and clinical guidance for future treatment strategies will be provided, thus promoting the effective management and treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Praneetha Palasuberniam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Rahmawati Pare
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sogabe M, Okahisa T, Kagawa M, Sei M, Ueda H, Yokoyama R, Kagemoto K, Tanaka H, Kida Y, Nakamura F, Tomonari T, Okamoto K, Kawano Y, Miyamoto H, Sato Y, Nakasono M, Takayama T. Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with erosive esophagitis development: a longitudinal observational study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1107-1114. [PMID: 38419514 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although erosive esophagitis (EE) is associated with fatty liver and metabolic dysregulation, the association between EE and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between MASLD and EE. METHODS We included 1578 patients without EE at baseline who underwent more than two health checkups over 2 years. Generalized estimation equations were used to analyze associations between MASLD and EE according to repeated measures at baseline and most recent stages. RESULTS EE development rates in men and women were 14.5% and 7.2%, respectively. After adjusting for lifestyle habits, the odds ratios of MASLD for EE development in men and women were 1.907 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.289-2.832, P < 0.005) and 1.483 (95% CI: 0.783-2.811, P = 0.227), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, after adjusting for lifestyle habits, among men and women aged ≥50 years with more than three MASLD components, the odds ratios for EE development were 2.408 (95% CI: 1.505-3.855, P < 0.001) and 2.148 (95% CI: 1.093-4.221, P < 0.05), respectively. After adjusting for various factors, the significant risk factors for EE development were different between men and women. CONCLUSION The influence of MASLD and other factors on EE development differed by sex and age. Particularly, patients aged ≥50 years with MASLD and with an increased number of MASLD components should be considered at increased risk for EE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Motoko Sei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaizo Kagemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tomonari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakasono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsurugi Municipal Handa Hospital, Tsurugi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hao Y, Karaoz U, Yang L, Yachimski PS, Tseng W, Nossa CW, Ye W, Tseng M, Poles M, Francois F, Traube M, Brown SM, Chen Y, Torralba M, Peek RM, Brodie EL, Pei Z. Progressive dysbiosis of human orodigestive microbiota along the sequence of gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1703-1716. [PMID: 35751398 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) has drastically increased in the United States since 1970s for unclear reasons. We hypothesized that the widespread usage of antibiotics has increased the procarcinogenic potential of the orodigestive microbiota along the sequence of gastroesophageal reflux (GR), Barrett's esophagus (BE), and EA phenotypes. This case control study included normal controls (NC) and three disease phenotypes GR, BE, and EA. Microbiota in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach, and rectum were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, we discovered 44 significant pairwise differences in abundance of microbial taxa between the four phenotypes, with 12 differences in the mouth, 21 in the esophagus, two in the stomach, and nine in the rectum. Along the GR→BE→EA sequence, oral and esophageal microbiota were more diversified, the dominant genus Streptococcus was progressively depleted while six other genera Atopobium, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Ralstonia, Burkholderia, and Lautropia progressively enriched. In NC, Streptococcus appeared to control populations of other genera in the foregut via numerous negative and positive connections, while in disease states, the rich network was markedly simplified. Inferred gene functional content showed a progressive enrichment through the stages of EA development in genes encoding antibiotic resistance, ligands of Toll-like and NOD-like receptors, nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and acetaldehyde metabolism. The orodigestive microbiota is in a progressive dysbiotic state along the GR-BE-EA sequence. The increasing dysbiosis and antibiotic and procarcinogenic genes in the disease states warrants further study to define their roles in EA pathogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Hao
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulas Karaoz
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick S Yachimski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenzhi Tseng
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos W Nossa
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mengkao Tseng
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Poles
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fritz Francois
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Morris Traube
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stuart M Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health and Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Relationship between Hormonal Modulation and Gastroprotective Activity of Malvidin and Cyanidin Chloride: In Vivo and In Silico Approach. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030565. [PMID: 35335941 PMCID: PMC8953580 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are lesions that affect the gastrointestinal tract and that can be triggered by external factors such as alcohol use. This study investigated the gastroprotective role of two anthocyanidins, malvidin and cyanidin chloride, in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in male and female mice (ovariectomized and supplemented with 17β-estradiol or not) and aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of anthocyanidins in preventing the formation of lesions and to identify the underlying mechanisms, while considering hormonal differences. Moreover, in silico comparative analysis was performed to predict the properties and biological behaviors of the molecules. We observed that the hormonal status did not interfere with the gastroprotective action of malvidin, although antioxidant mechanisms were modulated differently depending on sex. On the other hand, cyanidin showed gastroprotective activity at different doses, demonstrating that, for the same experimental model, there is a need to adjust the effective dose depending on sex. In silico analysis showed that, despite being structurally similar, the interaction with receptors and target proteins in this study (myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) differed between the two molecules, which explains the difference observed in in vivo treatments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen P, Li B, Ou-Yang L. Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839005. [PMID: 36060947 PMCID: PMC9433670 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans. Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system-related disorders (endometriosis, and breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer), bone-related abnormalities, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, urogenital tract disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cutaneous melanoma. ER alpha (ERα), ER beta (ERβ), and novel G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) have been identified as the most prominent ERs. This review provides an overview of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1, as well as their functions in health and disease. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications and challenges are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Li
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, libo‐‐
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saaed HK, Chiggiato L, Webb DL, Rehnberg AS, Rubio CA, Befrits R, Hellström PM. Elevated gaseous luminal nitric oxide and circulating IL-8 as features of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:8116. [PMID: 34754406 PMCID: PMC8559587 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested as a biomarker of inflammation and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between gastric [NO], immunological biomarkers and histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in 96 dyspepsia patients. Luminal [NO] was measured by chemiluminescence. Biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and corpus for culture and histopathology. H. pylori IgG was detected by immunoblot assay. Biobanked plasma from 76 dyspepsia patients (11 H. pylori positives) was analyzed for 39 cytokines by multiplexed ELISA. RESULTS H. pylori-positive patients had higher [NO] (336 ± 26 ppb, mean ± 95% CI, n = 77) than H. pylori-negative patients (128 ± 47 ppb, n = 19) (P < 0.0001). Histopathological changes were found in 99% of H. pylori-positive and 37% of H. pylori-negative patients. Histopathological concordance was 78-100% between corpus and antrum. Correlations were found between gastric [NO] and severity of acute, but not chronic, inflammation. Plasma IL-8 (increased in H. pylori positives) had greatest difference between positive and negative groups, with eotaxin, MIP-1β, MCP-4, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C also higher (P < 0.004 to P < 0.032). Diagnostic odds ratios using 75% cut-off concentration were 7.53 for IL-8, 1.15 for CRP, and 2.88 for gastric NO. CONCLUSIONS Of the parameters tested, increased gastric [NO] and circulating IL-8 align most consistently and selectively in H. pylori-infected patients. Severity of mucosal inflammatory changes is proportional to luminal [NO], which might be tied to IL-8 production. It is proposed that IL-8 be further investigated as a blood biomarker of treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa K Saaed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Chiggiato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Rehnberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Befrits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen C, Gong X, Yang X, Shang X, Du Q, Liao Q, Xie R, Chen Y, Xu J. The roles of estrogen and estrogen receptors in gastrointestinal disease. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5673-5680. [PMID: 31788039 PMCID: PMC6865762 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is an important sex steroid hormone which serves an important role in the regulation of a number of biological functions, including regulating bone density, brain function, cholesterol mobilization, electrolyte balance, skin physiology, the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system and female reproductive organs. Estrogen exhibits various functions through binding to its specific receptors, estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. In recent years, researchers have demonstrated that estrogen and its receptors serve an important role in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and contribute to the progression of a number of GI diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal cancer, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and colon cancer. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of estrogen and its receptors in GI disease, and highlight potential avenues for the prevention and treatment of GI diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gong
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Shang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanshou Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
- Professor Yuanshou Chen, Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Jingyu Xu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caspa Gokulan R, Garcia-Buitrago MT, Zaika AI. From genetics to signaling pathways: molecular pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:37-48. [PMID: 31152823 PMCID: PMC6692203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has one of the fastest rising incidence rates in the U.S. and many other Western countries. One of the unique risk factors for EAC is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a chronic digestive condition in which acidic contents from the stomach, frequently mixed with duodenal bile, enter the esophagus resulting in esophageal tissue injury. At the cellular level, progression to EAC is underlined by continuous DNA damage caused by reflux and chronic inflammatory factors that increase the mutation rate and promote genomic instability. Despite recent successes in cancer diagnostics and treatment, EAC remains a poorly treatable disease. Recent research has shed new light on molecular alterations underlying progression to EAC and revealed novel treatment options. This review focuses on the genetic and molecular studies of EAC. The molecular changes that occur during the transformation of normal Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deryagina VP, Reutov VP. Modulation of the formation of active forms of nitrogen by ingredients of plant products in the inhibition of carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2019-6-1-18-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Deryagina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - V. P. Reutov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sheikh M, Poustchi H, Pourshams A, Etemadi A, Islami F, Khoshnia M, Gharavi A, Hashemian M, Roshandel G, Khademi H, Zahedi M, Abedi-Ardekani B, Boffetta P, Kamangar F, Dawsey SM, Pharaoh PD, Abnet CC, Day NE, Brennan P, Malekzadeh R. Individual and Combined Effects of Environmental Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer Based on Results From the Golestan Cohort Study. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1416-1427. [PMID: 30611753 PMCID: PMC7507680 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Northeast Iran has one of the highest reported rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) worldwide. Decades of investigations in this region have identified some local habits and environmental exposures that increase risk. We analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study to determine the individual and combined effects of the major environmental risk factors of ESCC. METHODS We performed a population-based cohort of 50,045 individuals, 40 to 75 years old, from urban and rural areas across Northeast Iran. Detailed data on demographics, diet, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, temperature of drinking beverages, and different exposures were collected using validated methods, questionnaires, and physical examinations, from 2004 through 2008. Participants were followed from the date of enrollment to the date of first diagnosis of esophageal cancer, date of death from other causes, or date of last follow-up, through December 31, 2017. Proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between different exposures and ESCC. RESULTS During an average 10 years of follow-up, 317 participants developed ESCC. Opium smoking (HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.18-2.90), drinking hot tea (≥60°C) (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.15-2.22), low intake of fruits (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.07-2.05) and vegetables (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.03-2.56), excessive tooth loss (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.04-2.64), drinking unpiped water (HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.09-3.81), and exposure to indoor air pollution (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.08-2.29) were significantly associated with increased risk of ESCC, in a dose-dependent manner. Combined exposure to these risk factors was associated with a stepwise increase in the risk of developing ESCC, reaching a more than 7-fold increase in risk in the highest category. Approximately 75% of the ESCC cases in this region can be attributed to a combination of the identified exposures. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of data from the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran identified multiple risk factors for ESCC in this population. Our findings support the hypothesis that the high rates of ESCC are due to a combination of factors, including thermal injury (from hot tea), exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (from opium and indoor air pollution), and nutrient-deficient diets. We also associated ESCC risk with exposure to unpiped water and tooth loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sheikh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Farhad Islami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hooman Khademi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zahedi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul D Pharaoh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Day
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nejat Pish-Kenari F, Qujeq D, Maghsoudi H. Some of the effective factors in the pathogenesis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6401-6404. [PMID: 30320456 PMCID: PMC6237569 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is one of the most fatal tumours to affect the digestive tract and is the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux has an important role in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a multifactorial, acid‐peptic disorder that results from the reflux of noxious material from the stomach into the oesophagus. The refluxed material causes the occurrence of oesophageal inflammation which creates a condition that is called reflux oesophagitis. The prevalence of this disease has increased dramatically in recent decades, mostly in the western world, where it affects about 10% to 30% of the population. The aetiology of oesophageal mucosal damage is complicated. Many inflammatory mediators are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their contributions in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well investigated. Despite the protective barrier provided by the oesophageal mucosa, refluxed materials can cause oxidative injury and in?ammatory responses that involve the epithelium and immune cells. The analysing cellular events in gastro‐ oesophageal reflux disease and physiological responses to such conditions are important and necessary for a better grasp of the pathogenesis of GERD and the expansion of new treatments. Therefore, we want to discuss some of the important and key factors of GERD disease in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejat Pish-Kenari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Dental Materials Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zia JK, Heitkemper MM. Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Motility Disorders in Women, Gastroparesis, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2016; 45:239-51. [PMID: 27261896 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the sex differences in upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility for both healthy and common dysmotility conditions. It focuses on gastroesophageal reflux disease and other esophageal motor disorders for the esophagus and on gastroparesis and accelerated gastric emptying for the stomach. It also describes differences in upper GI motility signs and symptoms during each female hormonal stage (ie, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, perimenopause, menopause) for both healthy participants and those suffering from one of the aforementioned upper GI dysmotility conditions. More research still needs to be conducted to better understand sex differences in upper GI motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine K Zia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356424, Seattle, WA 98195-6424, USA.
| | - Margaret M Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357266, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Honda J, Iijima K, Asanuma K, Ara N, Shiroki T, Kondo Y, Hatta W, Uno K, Asano N, Koike T, Shimosegawa T. Estrogen Enhances Esophageal Barrier Function by Potentiating Occludin Expression. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1028-38. [PMID: 26660903 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that a female sex hormone, estrogen, suppressed esophageal epithelial injury in a reflux esophagitis model of rat, suggesting that estrogen may play an important role in controlling the progress of the gastro-esophageal reflux disease spectrum. However, the precise mechanism of the action is unclear. AIM To investigate the potential role of estrogen in the esophageal barrier function. METHODS Male rabbits were pretreated with either continuous release 17β-estradiol or placebo, and the excised esophageal mucosa was subjected to Ussing chamber experiments after the 2-week pre-treatment. The mucosal side of the chamber was perfused with luminal irritants (HCl or acidified sodium nitrite), while the basal side was perfused by modified Krebs buffer. The epithelial barrier function was evaluated by the transmembrane resistance and the epithelial permeability. The intercellular space of the epithelium was investigated with transmission electron microscopy and the expression of tight junction protein, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4, with immunoblotting. RESULTS Estrogen pre-treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in the transmembrane resistance and the increase in the epithelial permeability induced by luminal irritants. Furthermore, the dilation of the intercellular space induced by luminal HCl was significantly alleviated by 17β-estradiol administration. The baseline occludin expression was significantly potentiated by 17β-estradiol administration. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing an enhancement of the esophageal barrier function by 17β-estradiol administration. The lack of the protective effect of estrogen could be responsible for the male predominance of erosive reflux esophagitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Asanuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeharu Shiroki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
DNA Damage in CD133-Positive Cells in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7937814. [PMID: 27069317 PMCID: PMC4812016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7937814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) caused by gastroesophageal reflux is a major risk factor of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma (BEA), an inflammation-related cancer. Chronic inflammation and following tissue damage may activate progenitor cells under reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-rich environment. We previously reported the formation of oxidative/nitrative stress-mediated mutagenic DNA lesions, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine, in columnar epithelial cells of BE tissues and cancer cells of BEA tissues. We investigated the mechanisms of BEA development in relation to oxidative/nitrative DNA damage and stem cell hypothesis. We examined 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxodG formation and the expression of stem cell marker (CD133) in biopsy specimens of patients with BE and BEA by immunohistochemical analysis in comparison with those of normal subjects. CD133 was detected at apical surface of columnar epithelial cells of BE and BEA tissues, and the cytoplasm and cell membrane of cancer cells in BEA tissues. DNA lesions and CD133 were colocalized in columnar epithelial cells and cancer cells. Their relative staining intensities in these tissues were significantly higher than those in normal subjects. Our results suggest that BE columnar epithelial cells with CD133 expression in apical surface undergo inflammation-mediated DNA damage, and mutated cells acquire the property of cancer stem cells with cytoplasmic CD133 expression.
Collapse
|