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Chang TI, Evans G, Cheung AK, Cushman WC, Diamond MJ, Dwyer JP, Huan Y, Kitzman D, Kostis JB, Oparil S, Rastogi A, Roumie CL, Sahay R, Stafford RS, Taylor AA, Wright JT, Chertow GM. Patterns and Correlates of Baseline Thiazide-Type Diuretic Prescription in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. Hypertension 2016; 67:550-5. [PMID: 26865200 PMCID: PMC4755350 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thiazides and thiazide-type diuretics are recommended as first-line agents for the treatment of hypertension, but contemporary information on their use in clinical practice is lacking. We examined patterns and correlates of thiazide prescription in a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from participants enrolled in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We examined baseline prescription of thiazides in 7582 participants receiving at least 1 antihypertensive medication by subgroup, and used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios for thiazide prescription (versus no thiazide). Forty-three percent of all participants were prescribed a thiazide at baseline, but among participants prescribed a single agent, the proportion was only 16%. The prevalence of thiazide prescription differed significantly by demographic factors, with younger participants, women, and blacks all having higher adjusted prevalence of thiazide prescription than other corresponding subgroups. Participants in the lowest category of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2) were half as likely to be prescribed a thiazide as participants with preserved kidney function. In conclusion, among persons with hypertension and heightened cardiovascular risk, we found that thiazide prescription varied significantly by demographics and kidney disease status, despite limited evidence about relative differences in effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara I Chang
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.).
| | - Gregory Evans
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Alfred K Cheung
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - William C Cushman
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Matthew J Diamond
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Jamie P Dwyer
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Yonghong Huan
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Dalane Kitzman
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - John B Kostis
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Anjay Rastogi
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Christianne L Roumie
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Rukmani Sahay
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Randall S Stafford
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Addison A Taylor
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Jackson T Wright
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- From the Division of Nephrology (T.I.C., R.S., G.M.C.) and Stanford Prevention Research Center (R.S.S.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Biostatistical Sciences (G.E.) and Internal Medicine (D.K.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.K.C.); Medical Service, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TN (W.C.C.); Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta (M.J.D.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (J.P.D.) and Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (C.L.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN ; Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Y.H.); Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (J.B.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.O.); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.R.); VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville (C.L.R.); Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.A.T.); and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (J.T.W.)
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