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The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040566. [PMID: 33917442 PMCID: PMC8067486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.
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Vitamin K Concentration and Cognitive Status in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Study. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:9695324. [PMID: 32148962 PMCID: PMC7049843 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9695324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies have suggested that vitamin K may exert significant effects on the central nervous system. The present study investigates the relationship between vitamin K plasmatic levels and cognitive functions in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Design At the Thrombosis Centre of Haematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 85 patients on OAT, aged between 75 and 92, were randomly enrolled in the study. Patients were on OAT with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Vitamin K1 concentrations were determined using standardized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Milan Overall Dementia Assessment (MODA). Results MODA scores are positively correlated to vitamin K1 concentration. Patients with vitamin K1 below 0.100 μg/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 μg/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 μg/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 p < 0.001). Even long-term OAT (>10 years) does not affect MODA scores. Education seems to exert a greater role on the cognitive status in comparison with aging. Conclusions The study shows a positive association between vitamin K1 concentration and cognitive status in elderly patients (≥75 years) on OAT. The relationship between vitamin K1 concentration and MODA scores is described by a linear model. Cognitive status is not influenced by the duration of OAT but by the years of education.
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Annweiler G, Labriffe M, Ménager P, Ferland G, Brangier A, Annweiler C. Intracranial calcifications under vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants: Results from the French VIKING study in older adults. Maturitas 2019; 132:35-39. [PMID: 31883661 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is associated with the onset of vascular and soft-tissue calcifications. Whether there are more intracranial calcifications under VKA remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether the regular use of VKA in older adults was associated with an increased burden of intracranial calcifications compared with the use of direct oral anticoagulant (DOA). STUDY DESIGN Nineteen patients aged 70 years or more using VKA for more than 3 months and 19 controls (matched for age, gender and indication for anticoagulation) using DOA for more than 3 months were consecutively included in this study. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The burden of intracranial calcifications was graded by an experienced neuroradiologist from 0 (no burden) to 3 (high burden) according to the quantity, size, intensity and confluence of calcifications on computed tomography scan of the brain. Age, gender, frontal assessment battery (FAB) score, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, carotid artery stenosis, kidney failure and indication for anticoagulation were investigated as potential confounders. RESULTS The 19 patients using VKA (median[IQR], 84years[7]; 10females) exhibited a greater burden of falcian calcifications than the 19 controls using DOA (respectively, 2[1] versus 1[2], P = 0.025). Overall, we found that using VKA was directly associated with the global burden of intracranial calcifications (β = 1.54, P = 0.049). No correlation was found with calcifications in sites other than the falx cerebri. CONCLUSIONS The use of VKA was associated with a greater burden of intracranial calcifications compared with the use of DOA, specifically in the falx cerebri. This finding may explain part of the neurocognitive morbidity met with VKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Angers University Memory Clinic, Angers, France; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Angers, France
| | - Mathieu Labriffe
- Department of Radiology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Pierre Ménager
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Angers University Memory Clinic, Angers, France; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Angers, France; Department of Geriatrics, Le Mans Hospital, Le Mans, France
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre & Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Brangier
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Angers University Memory Clinic, Angers, France; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Angers, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Angers University Memory Clinic, Angers, France; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Angers, France; UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France; Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Brangier A, Celle S, Roche F, Beauchet O, Ferland G, Annweiler C. Use of Vitamin K Antagonists and Brain Morphological Changes in Older Adults: An Exposed/Unexposed Voxel-Based Morphometric Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 45:18-26. [PMID: 29486479 DOI: 10.1159/000485793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are commonly used for their role in haemostasis by interfering with the vitamin K cycle. Since vitamin K also participates in brain physiology, this voxel-based morphometric study aimed to determine whether the duration of exposure to VKAs correlated with focal brain volume reduction in older adults. METHODS In this exposed/unexposed (1: 2) study nested within the GAIT (Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking) cohort, 18 participants exposed to VKA (mean age 75 ± 5 years; 33.3% female; mean exposure 2,122 ± 1,799 days) and 36 matched participants using no VKA (mean age 75 ± 5 years; 33.3% female) underwent MRI scanning of the brain. Cortical grey and white matter volumes were automatically segmented using statistical parametric mapping. Age, gender, educational level, history of atrial fibrillation, type of MRI, and total intracranial volume were included as covariables. RESULTS The duration of exposure to VKA correlated inversely across the whole brain with the subvolumes of two clusters in the grey matter (right frontal inferior operculum and right precuneus) and one cluster in the white matter (left middle frontal gyrus). In contrast, the grade of white matter hyperintensities did not differ according to the use of VKA. CONCLUSION We found focal atrophies in older adults exposed to VKA. These findings provide new insights elucidating the effects of VKAs on brain health and function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Brangier
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Angers University Hospital, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Celle
- Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,EA 4607 "SNA EPIS" Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc UJM, PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,EA 4607 "SNA EPIS" Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc UJM, PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Angers University Hospital, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Brangier A, Ferland G, Rolland Y, Gautier J, Féart C, Annweiler C. Vitamin K Antagonists and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A 24-Month Follow-Up. Nutrients 2018; 10:E666. [PMID: 29794977 PMCID: PMC6024671 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K participates in brain physiology. This study aimed to determine whether using vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), which interfere with the vitamin K cycle, were (i) cross-sectionally associated with altered cognitive performance, and (ii) independent predictors of cognitive changes in older adults over 24 months. Information was collected on the use of VKAs (i.e., warfarin, acenocoumarol, and fluindione) among 378 geriatric outpatients (mean, 82.3 ± 5.6 years; 60.1% female). Global cognitive performance and executive functions were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores, respectively, at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, disability, gait speed, comorbidities, atrial fibrillation, stroke, carotid artery stenosis, leukoaraiosis grade on computed tomography (CT) scan, psychoactive drugs, antidementia drugs, blood-thinning drugs (i.e., anticoagulants other than VKAs, antiplatelet medications), serum creatinine levels, and vitamin B12 concentrations were considered as potential confounders. Using VKAs was associated with lower (i.e., worse) FAB score at baseline (adjusted β = -2.1, p = 0.026), and with a decrease in FAB score after 24 months (adjusted β = -203.6%, p = 0.010), but not after 12 months (p = 0.659). Using VKAs was not associated with any change in MMSE score at baseline (p = 0.655), after 12 months (p = 0.603), or after 24 months (p = 0.201). In conclusion, we found more severe executive dysfunction at baseline and incident executive decline over 24 months among geriatric patients using VKAs, when compared with their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Brangier
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Memory Clinic; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity (CeRAL), University Hospital, F-49933 Angers, France.
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Yves Rolland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institut du Vieillissement, University Hospital, INSERM-U1027, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jennifer Gautier
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Memory Clinic; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity (CeRAL), University Hospital, F-49933 Angers, France.
| | - Catherine Féart
- Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Université Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Memory Clinic; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity (CeRAL), University Hospital, F-49933 Angers, France.
- Health Faculty and UPRES EA4638, University of Angers, F-49100 Angers, France.
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Celik E, Sanlier N. Effects of nutrient and bioactive food components on Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:102-113. [PMID: 28799782 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1359488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is becoming widespread. For this reason, in recent years factors affecting the development, progression and cognitive function of the AD have been emphasized. Nutrients and other bioactive nutrients are among the factors that are effective in AD. In particular, vitamins A, C and E, vitamins B1, B6 and B12, folate, magnesium, choline, inositol, anthocyanins, isoflavones etc. nutrients and bioactive nutrients are known to be effective in the development of AD. Nutrients and nutrient components may also have an epigenetic effect on AD. At the same time, nutrients and bioactive food components slow down the progression of the disease. For this reason, the effect of nutrients and food components on AD was examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- a Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- a Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
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Dietary Vitamin K Intake Is Associated with Cognition and Behaviour among Geriatric Patients: The CLIP Study. Nutrients 2015; 7:6739-50. [PMID: 26274973 PMCID: PMC4555145 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether dietary vitamin K intake was associated with cognition and behavior among older adults. 192 consecutive participants ≥65 years, recruited in the cross-sectional CLIP (Cognition and LIPophilic vitamins) study, were separated into two groups according to the tertiles of dietary phylloquinone intake (i.e., lowest third below 207 µg/day versus the other two thirds combined). Daily dietary phylloquinone intake was estimated from 50-item interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Cognition was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); behaviour with Frontotemporal Behavioral Rating Scale (FBRS). Age, gender, social problems, education, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, history of stroke, use vitamin K antagonists, inadequate fatty fish intake, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin B12, albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were used as confounders. Compared to participants in the lowest third of dietary phylloquinone intake (n = 64), those with higher intake had higher (i.e., better) mean MMSE score (22.0 ± 5.7 versus 19.9 ± 6.2, p = 0.024) and lower (i.e., better) FBRS score (1.5 ± 1.2 versus 1.9 ± 1.3, p = 0.042). In multivariate linear regressions, log dietary phylloquinone intake was positively associated with MMSE score (adjusted β = 1.66, p = 0.013) and inversely associated with FBRS score (adjusted β = −0.33, p = 0.037). Specifically, log dietary phylloquinone intake correlated negatively with FBRS subscore of physical neglect (r = −0.24, p = 0.001). Higher dietary phylloquinone intake was associated with better cognition and behavior among older adults.
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