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Koerber RM, Kokorelias KM, Sinha SK. The clinical use of personal hearing amplifiers in facilitating accessible patient-provider communication: A scoping review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:2195-2205. [PMID: 38299694 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with hearing loss struggle to communicate with care providers and experience higher mortality rates when hospitalized (Genther et al., 2015), even after controlling for age and comorbidities. Personal hearing amplifiers (PHAs), (e.g., Pocketalkers™), can improve communication with older patients. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to identify research gaps and summarize findings on the clinical use of PHAs with patients with hearing loss. After refining search terms relating to hearing loss and PHAs, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC (Proquest), PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry. We identified articles published in English between 1980 and 2022 that reported empirical outcomes relating to PHA use in clinical settings. Two reviewers independently extracted data from articles. We then organized data into an evidence map, and a narrative review summarizing outcomes. RESULTS From 4234 initially identified titles and abstracts, 12 met our criteria as full texts. These included three surveys on clinicians' awareness and use of PHAs, one evaluation of the acoustic output of a PHA, and eight interventions wherein PHAs were provided to patients with hearing loss. These papers used 10 different terms for PHAs and largely did not cite one another. Results showed high levels of satisfaction with PHAs, and consistently improved speech understanding. Despite this, care providers used devices inconsistently, with challenges around provider awareness, and device maintenance and location tracking. CONCLUSIONS PHAs have a consistent positive effect on patients' ability to understand their care providers despite hearing loss. Barriers and facilitators to their use in clinical settings should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelle M Koerber
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristina M Kokorelias
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- National Institute on Ageing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samir K Sinha
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- National Institute on Ageing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Glanzer BM, Ladki M, Chea MR, Hummel L, McKinnon B, Digbeu BDE, Merkley KH, Amin A, Gupta PK. Bluetooth Noise-Canceling Headphones Improve the Quality of Ophthalmic Exams in Patients With Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2024; 16:e60090. [PMID: 38860057 PMCID: PMC11163990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study tests the utilization of Bluetooth noise-canceling headphones in improving the quality of eye exams in patients with hearing loss. This prospective study was approved on ethical standards by the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Institutional Review Board (Approval No. 22-0079) and registered with the National Institutes of Health (NCT05420038). METHODS UTMB patients above 55 years of age were screened for hearing loss using soundcheck audiometry. Twenty-nine subjects answered pre-recorded ophthalmic exam questions that solicited precise responses. As controls, subjects were randomly administered half of the questions via headphones and half via a smartphone at normal speech volume (60 decibels). Points were awarded for responses demonstrating comprehension, and a post-exam survey was collected. RESULTS Collectively, the mean score was 1.79 with headphones versus 0.96 with control on the Amsler grid segment and 1.90 with headphones versus 0.97 with control on education questions (p=0.001). Between red zone and yellow zone hearing loss patients, the more severe red zone group answered significantly better in both Amsler (1.78 versus 0.50; p=0.0003) and education questions (1.88 versus 0.44; p<0.0001) with headphones. The yellow zone group answered better with headphones overall but failed to reach significance. Post-exam survey indicated that 28 of 29 patients (97%) preferred the headphones during ophthalmic exams. CONCLUSION Patients with hearing loss demonstrated better comprehension with Bluetooth headphones. These low-cost devices show great promise at improving effective, compassionate communication between providers and hearing loss patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Glanzer
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Malik Ladki
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Metha R Chea
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Lena Hummel
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Brian McKinnon
- Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | | | - Kevin H Merkley
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Atish Amin
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Praveena K Gupta
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
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Pingali H, Ulin L, Stiles D, Martinchek M, Schwartz AW. Hearing matters: An audiology and geriatrics collaboration to improve hearing care service utilization among older veterans. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:1269-1271. [PMID: 38064298 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Pingali
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey Ulin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle Stiles
- Department of Audiology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Martinchek
- Department of Geriatrics and Extended Care, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Wershof Schwartz
- Department of Geriatrics and Extended Care, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Anthony T, Assi S, Garcia Morales EE, Jiang K, Powell D, Martinez-Amezcua P, Oh ES, Deal JA, Reed NS. Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Satisfaction With Health Care in the National Health Interview Survey. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:414-421. [PMID: 37746921 PMCID: PMC10844895 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hearing loss may negatively impact satisfaction with health care via patient-provider communication barriers and may be amenable to hearing care treatment. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized US residents, 2013 to 2018 pooled cycles. METHODS Participants described satisfaction with health care in the past year, categorized as optimal (very satisfied) versus suboptimal (satisfied, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied) satisfaction. Self-report hearing without hearing aids (excellent, good, a little trouble, moderate trouble, a lot of trouble) and hearing aid use (yes, no) were collected. Weighted Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates were used to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) of satisfaction with care by hearing loss and hearing aid use. RESULTS Among 137,216 participants (mean age 50.9 years, 56% female, 12% black), representing 77.2 million Americans in the weighted model, 19% reported trouble hearing. Those with good (PRR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.23), a little trouble (PRR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.23-1.31), moderate trouble (PRR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.24-1.35), and a lot of trouble hearing (PRR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.18-1.33) had a higher prevalence rate of suboptimal satisfaction with care relative to those with excellent hearing. Among all participants with trouble hearing, hearing aid users had a 17% decrease in the prevalence rate of suboptimal satisfaction with care (PRR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.78-0.88) compared to nonusers. CONCLUSION Hearing loss decreases patient satisfaction with health care, which is tied to Medicare hospital reimbursement models. Hearing aid use may improve patient-provider communication and patient satisfaction, although prospective studies are warranted to truly establish their protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Anthony
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida,
Tampa, FL
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College
of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sahar Assi
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emmanuel E. Garcia Morales
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kening Jiang
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danielle Powell
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins
University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Amezcua
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esther S. Oh
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A. Deal
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas S. Reed
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Cataneo‐Piña DJ, Hernández‐Favela CG, Mondragón‐Posadas LA, Torres Nuñez C. Geriatric care-related outcomes in patients 75 years and older admitted to a pulmonary disease center and predictors for hospital-related complications. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:353-360. [PMID: 38239707 PMCID: PMC10792325 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of targeted interventions, administered through comprehensive geriatric assessments on the incidence of hospitalization-related complications among older adults diagnosed with pulmonary diseases. Methods A retrospective analysis of medical records encompassed individuals aged 75 years and older who were admitted to a lung center during the period spanning from March to June 2023. These admissions occurred in a context where standardized geriatric management protocols were systematically implemented. This study's scope extended to assessing the prevalence of hospital-related complications, encompassing delirium and pressure ulcers. A rigorous multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern and characterize associated factors. Results The integration of comprehensive geriatric assessment yielded a substantial reduction in in-hospital complications among the cohort of 118 patients (mean age : 82.1 ± 5.6 years, 44.5% women). The incidence of delirium decreased from 53.3% to 21.8% [odds ratio (OR): 0.246, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.134-0.450, p < 0.001], whereas the presence of pressure ulcers decreased from 43.9% to 25% (OR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.217-0.715, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis uncovered independent associations between delirium and variables including community-acquired pneumonia (OR: 4.417, 95% CI : 1.574-12.395, p = 0.005), severe disability (OR: 2.981, 95% CI: 1.140-7.798, p = 0.026), and hearing loss (OR: 3.219, 95% CI : 1.260-8.170, p = 0.014). Prolonged hospital stays emerged as the sole factor significantly associated with pressure ulcers (OR: 1.071, 95% CI: 1.033-1.109). Furthermore, an intricate bidirectional relationship was evident between delirium and pressure ulcers (OR: 7.158, 95% CI: 2.962-17.300, p < 0.01). Conclusion In conjunction with its consequent interventions, geriatric evaluation assumes a pivotal role in ameliorating adverse outcomes stemming from hospitalization among older adults afflicted with pulmonary ailments. This role gains particular salience among subpopulations characterized by heightened susceptibility, such as individuals coping with hearing loss and severe disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Citlalic Torres Nuñez
- Geriatrics DepartmentInstituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío VillegasMexico CityMexico
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Beasley JM, Johnston EA, Sevick MA, Jay M, Rogers ES, Zhong H, Zabar S, Goldberg E, Chodosh J. Study protocol: BRInging the Diabetes prevention program to GEriatric Populations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1144156. [PMID: 37275370 PMCID: PMC10232977 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) randomized, controlled clinical trial, participants who were ≥ 60 years of age in the intensive lifestyle (diet and physical activity) intervention had a 71% reduction in incident diabetes over the 3-year trial. However, few of the 26.4 million American adults age ≥65 years with prediabetes are participating in the National DPP. The BRInging the Diabetes prevention program to GEriatric Populations (BRIDGE) randomized trial compares an in-person DPP program Tailored for Older AdulTs (DPP-TOAT) to a DPP-TOAT delivered via group virtual sessions (V-DPP-TOAT) in a randomized, controlled trial design (N = 230). Eligible patients are recruited through electronic health records (EHRs) and randomized to the DPP-TOAT or V-DPP-TOAT arm. The primary effectiveness outcome is 6-month weight loss and the primary implementation outcome is intervention session attendance with a non-inferiority design. Findings will inform best practices in the delivery of an evidence-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette M Beasley
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily A Johnston
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Ann Sevick
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Jay
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Medicine Service, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin S Rogers
- Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sondra Zabar
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Chodosh
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Medicine Service, New York, NY, United States
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Oshita JY, Gell NM, Stransky ML, Reed NS, MacLean CD. Prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of US community-dwelling older adults with communication disabilities, using the national health and aging trends survey. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 102:106316. [PMID: 36870271 PMCID: PMC10236317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2023.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying the population-level prevalence of a disability group is a prerequisite to monitoring their inclusion in society. The prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of older adults with communication disabilities (CDs) are not well established in the literature. In this study we sought to describe the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of community-dwelling older adults experiencing difficulties with understanding others or being understand when communicating in their usual language. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (2015), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries ages ≥ 65 years old (N = 7,029). We calculated survey weight-adjusted prevalence estimates by mutually exclusive subgroups of no, hearing only, expressive-only, cognitive only, multiple CDs, and an aggregate any-CD prevalence. We described race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, marital status, social network size, federal poverty status, and supplemental insurance for all groups. Pearson's chi-squared statistic was used to compare sociodemographic characteristics between the any-CD and no-CD groups. RESULTS An estimated 25.3% (10.7 million) of community-dwelling older adults in the US experienced any-CDs in 2015; approximately 19.9% (8.4 million) experienced only one CD while 5.6% (2.4 million) had multiple. Older adults with CDs were more likely to be of Black race or Hispanic ethnicity as compared to older adults without CDs (Black 10.1 vs. 7.6%; Hispanic: 12.5 vs. 5.4%; P < 0.001). They also had lower educational attainment (Less than high school: 31.0 vs 12.4%; P < 0.001), lower poverty levels (<100% Federal poverty level: 23.5% vs. 11.1%; P < 0.001) and less social supports (Married: 51.3 vs. 61.0%; P < 0.001; Social network ≤ 1 person: 45.3 vs 36.0%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of the older adult population experiencing any-CDs is large and disproportionately represented by underserved sociodemographic groups. These findings support greater inclusion of any-CDs into population-level efforts like national surveys, public health goals, health services, and community research aimed at understanding and addressing the access needs of older adults who have disabilities in communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Oshita
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Program, University of Vermont, 14 Adsit Court, Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
| | - Nancy M Gell
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Michelle L Stransky
- Center for the Urban Child and Healthy Family, Boston Medical Center, United States
| | - Nicholas S Reed
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Dickson VV, Blustein J, Weinstein B, Goldfeld K, Radcliffe K, Burlingame M, Grudzen CR, Sherman SE, Smilowitz J, Chodosh J. Providing Hearing Assistance to Veterans in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study. J Emerg Nurs 2022; 48:266-277. [PMID: 35172928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective communication is essential to good health care, and hearing loss disrupts patient-provider communication. For the more than 2 million veterans with severe hearing loss, communication is particularly challenging in noisy health care environments such as emergency departments. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe patient and provider perspectives of feasibility and potential benefit of providing a hearing assistance device, a personal amplifier, during visits to an emergency department in an urban setting affiliated with the Department of Veterans Affairs. METHODS This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in parallel with a randomized controlled study. We completed a semistructured interview with 11 veterans and 10 health care providers to elicit their previous experiences with patient-provider communication in the ED setting and their perspectives on hearing screening and using the personal amplifier in the emergency department. Interview data were analyzed using content analysis and Atlas.ti V8.4 software (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). RESULTS The veteran sample (n = 11) had a mean age of 80.3 years (SD = 10.2). The provider sample included 7 nurses and 3 physicians. In the ED setting, hearing loss disrupts patient-provider communication. Screening for hearing loss in the emergency department was feasible except in urgent/emergent cases. The use of the personal amplifier made communication more effective and less effortful for both veterans and providers. DISCUSSION Providing the personal amplifier improved the ED experience for veterans and offers a promising intervention that could improve health care quality and safety for ED patient populations.
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Deardorff WJ, Binford SS, Cole I, James T, Rathfon M, Rennke S, Wallhagen M. COVID-19, masks, and hearing difficulty: Perspectives of healthcare providers. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:2783-2785. [PMID: 34228350 PMCID: PMC8447172 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William James Deardorff
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sasha S Binford
- Center for Nursing Excellence and Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Cole
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Todd James
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Megan Rathfon
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Rennke
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret Wallhagen
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Grote
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SW10 9NH, UK
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