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Kashyap B, Kullaa A. Salivary Metabolites Produced by Oral Microbes in Oral Diseases and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38786754 PMCID: PMC11122927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
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2
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Su L, Yang R, Sheng Y, Ullah S, Zhao Y, Shunjiayi H, Zhao Z, Wang Q. Insights into the oral microbiota in human systemic cancers. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369834. [PMID: 38756728 PMCID: PMC11098135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity stands as one of the pivotal interfaces facilitating the intricate interaction between the human body and the external environment. The impact of diverse oral microorganisms on the emergence and progression of various systemic cancers, typified by oral cancer, has garnered increasing attention. The potential pathogenicity of oral bacteria, notably the anaerobic Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, has been extensively studied and exhibits obvious correlation with different carcinoma types. Furthermore, oral fungi and viruses are closely linked to oropharyngeal carcinoma. Multiple potential mechanisms of oral microbiota-induced carcinogenesis have been investigated, including heightened inflammatory responses, suppression of the host immune system, influence on the tumor microenvironment, anti-apoptotic activity, and promotion of malignant transformation. The disturbance of microbial equilibrium and the migration of oral microbiota play a pivotal role in facilitating oncogenic functions. This review aims to comprehensively outline the pathogenic mechanisms by which oral microbiota participate in carcinogenesis. Additionally, this review delves into their potential applications in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. It proves to be a valuable resource for researchers investigating the intricate connection between oral microbiota and systemic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Su
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Microbiology School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Shunjiayi
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Pignatelli P, Curia MC, Tenore G, Bondi D, Piattelli A, Romeo U. Oral bacteriome and oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review of the associations. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 160:105891. [PMID: 38295615 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which contribute to the vicious circle of carcinogenesis. It is unknown whether oral dysbiosis has an impact on the etiology or prognosis of OPMD. AIMS Within this paradigm, this work systemically investigated and reported on the composition of oral microbiota in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) versus healthy controls. METHODS Observational studies that reported next generation sequencing analysis of oral tissue or salivary samples and found at least three bacterial species were included. Identification, screening, citation analysis, and graphical synthesis were carried out. RESULTS For oral lichen planus (OLP), the bacteria with the highest abundance were Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, and Rothia; for oral leukoplakia (OLK), Prevotella. Streptococci levels in OLK and OLP were lower. The usage of alcohol or smoke had no effect on the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS An increase in periodontal pathogenic bacteria could promote the development and exacerbation of lichen. Effective bacteriome-based biomarkers are worthy of further investigation and application, as are bacteriome-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, Viale Ionio, 74122 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tenore
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy; Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Belibasakis GN, Senevirantne CJ, Jayasinghe RD, Vo PTD, Bostanci N, Choi Y. Bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38501658 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It has long been considered that the oral microbiome is tightly connected to oral health and that dysbiotic changes can be detrimental to the occurrence and progression of dysplastic oral mucosal lesions or oral cancer. Improved understanding of the concepts of microbial dysbiosis together with advances in high-throughput molecular sequencing of these pathologies have charted in greater microbiological detail the nature of their clinical state. This review discusses the bacteriome and mycobiome associated with oral mucosal lesions, oral candidiasis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, aiming to delineate the information available to date in pursuit of advancing diagnostic and prognostic utilities for oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Phuc Thi-Duy Vo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Diwan P, Nirwan M, Bahuguna M, Kumari SP, Wahlang J, Gupta RK. Evaluating Alterations of the Oral Microbiome and Its Link to Oral Cancer among Betel Quid Chewers: Prospecting Reversal through Probiotic Intervention. Pathogens 2023; 12:996. [PMID: 37623956 PMCID: PMC10459687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca nut and slaked lime, with or without tobacco wrapped in Piper betle leaf, prepared as betel quid, is extensively consumed as a masticatory product in many countries across the world. Betel Quid can promote the malignant transformation of oral lesions as well as trigger benign cellular and molecular changes. In the oral cavity, it causes changes at the compositional level in oral microbiota called dysbiosis. This dysbiosis may play an important role in Oral Cancer in betel quid chewers. The abnormal presence and increase of bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Peptostreptococcus sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus mitis in saliva and/or other oral sites of the cancer patients has attracted frequent attention for its association with oral cancer development. In the present review, the authors have analysed the literature reports to revisit the oncogenic potential of betel quid and oral microbiome alterations, evaluating the potential of oral microbiota both as a driver and biomarker of oral cancer. The authors have also shared a perspective that the restoration of local microbiota can become a potentially therapeutic or prophylactic strategy for the delay or reversal of lip and oral cavity cancers, especially in high-risk population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Diwan
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Mohit Nirwan
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Mayank Bahuguna
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Shashi Prabha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
| | - James Wahlang
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Edmund’s College, Shillong 793003, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (M.N.); (M.B.); (S.P.K.); (R.K.G.)
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Yu X, Shi Y, Yuan R, Chen Z, Dong Q, Han L, Wang L, Zhou J. Microbial dysbiosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13198. [PMID: 36793959 PMCID: PMC9922960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to summarize previously published data and assess the alterations in the composition of the oral microbiome in OSCC using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies on the oral microbiome in OSCC published before December 2021. Qualitative assessments of compositional variations at the phylum level were performed. The meta-analysis on abundance changes of bacteria genera was performed via a random-effects model. Results A total of 18 studies involving 1056 participants were included. They consisted of two categories of studies: 1) case-control studies (n = 9); 2) nine studies that compared the oral microbiome between cancerous tissues and paired paracancerous tissues. At the phylum level, enrichment of Fusobacteria but depletion in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in the oral microbiome was demonstrated in both categories of studies. At the genus level, Fusobacterium showed an increased abundance in OSCC patients (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.87, Z = 5.809, P = 0.000) and in cancerous tissues (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.72, Z = 5.785, P = 0.000). The abundance of Streptococcus was decreased in OSCC (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.88-0.04, Z = -2.146, P = 0.032) and in cancerous tissues (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.78-0.13, Z = -2.726, P = 0.006). Conclusions Disturbances in the interactions between enriched Fusobacterium and depleted Streptococcus may participate in or prompt the occurrence and development of OSCC and could be potential biomarkers for detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China,Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yongmei Shi
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Rongtao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linzi Han
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China,Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China,Corresponding author.
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Advances in the Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Progression of Oral Cancer through Saliva: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2739869. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2739869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of cancer, and in particular oral cancer, has been a priority objective of study in recent years. Saliva has been proposed as an easy-to-obtain means of providing the necessary information to diagnose malignant lesions in the oral cavity, since it can be obtained very easily and completely noninvasively. There are a number of molecules, known as biomarkers, which may be involved in the malignant transformation of oral lesions, and which have different natures. The involvement of proteins (“proteomics”), metabolites (“metabolomics”), and even certain genes in the structural changes of altered tissue has been investigated in order to establish validated parameters for the early diagnosis of oral cancer. In addition, the development of new analytical assay methods that can reduce costs and obtain better results in terms of sensitivity and specificity has been a key point in recent research in this field. Even though there are numerous biomarkers with results showing high sensitivity and specificity, there is still a need for more studies, with a larger sample and with analytical methods that can constitute a real advance in time and cost. Although salivary biomarkers are a promising new diagnostic tool for oral cancer, for the moment they do not replace biopsy as the “gold standard”.
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Metsäniitty M, Hasnat S, Salo T, Salem A. Oral Microbiota-A New Frontier in the Pathogenesis and Management of Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010046. [PMID: 35008213 PMCID: PMC8750462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of common and aggressive tumors. Recently, oral microbiota has been credited as an important player in carcinogenesis. However, the available knowledge is not always consistent and sometimes conflicting. Therefore, the present comprehensive systematic review of the current clinical reports was conducted to evaluate the role of oral microbiota in HNSCC. Importantly, this study addresses whether oral microbiota targeting could provide diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic utility in cancer patients. We also discussed the current limitations of this newly emerging field and the potential related strategies for the management of patients with HNSCC and possibly other solid tumors. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) comprises the majority of tumors in head and neck tissues. The prognosis of HNSCC has not significantly improved for decades, signifying the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Recent evidence suggests that oral microbiota is associated with carcinogenesis. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the current evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in HNSCC and whether their targeting may confer diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic utility. Following the screening of 233 publications retrieved from multiple databases, 34 eligible studies comprising 2469 patients were compiled and critically appraised. Importantly, many oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were linked to certain oral potentially malignant lesions and various types of HNSCC. Furthermore, we summarized the association between the expression profiles of different oral bacterial species and their tumorigenic and prognostic effects in cancer patients. We also discussed the current limitations of this newly emerging area and the potential microbiota-related strategies for preventing and treating HNSCC. Whilst many clinical studies are underway to unravel the role of oral microbiota in cancer, the limited available data and experimental approaches reflect the newness of this promising yet challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Metsäniitty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Shrabon Hasnat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Crosstalk between the oral microbiota, mucosal immunity, and the epithelial barrier regulates oral mucosal disease pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1247-1258. [PMID: 34040155 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal disease (OMD), which is also called soft tissue oral disease, is described as a series of disorders or conditions affecting the mucosa and soft tissue in the oral cavity. Its etiology is unclear, but emerging evidence has implicated the influence of the composition of the oral mucosa and saliva-resident microbiota. In turn, this dysbiosis effects the immune response balance and epithelial barrier function, followed by the occurrence and progression of OMD. In addition, oral microbial dysbiosis is diverse in different types of diseases and different disease progressions, suggesting that key causal pathogens may exist in various oral pathologies. This narrative literature review primarily discusses the most recent findings focusing on how microbial dysbiosis communicates with mucosal adaptive immune cells and the epithelial barrier in the context of five representative OMDs, including oral candidiasis (OC), oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), oral leukoplakia (OLK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to provide new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of OMDs.
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10
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Chen JW, Wu JH, Chiang WF, Chen YL, Wu WS, Wu LW. Taxonomic and Functional Dysregulation in Salivary Microbiomes During Oral Carcinogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:663068. [PMID: 34604102 PMCID: PMC8482814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.663068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring microbial community compositions in humans with healthy versus diseased states is crucial to understand the microbe-host interplay associated with the disease progression. Although the relationship between oral cancer and microbiome was previously established, it remained controversial, and yet the ecological characteristics and their responses to oral carcinogenesis have not been well studied. Here, using the bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing along with the in silico function analysis by PICRUSt2 (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2), we systematically characterized the compositions and the ecological drivers of saliva microbiome in the cohorts of orally healthy, non-recurrent oral verrucous hyperplasia (a pre-cancer lesion), and oral verrucous hyperplasia–associated oral cancer at taxonomic and function levels, and compared them with the re-analysis of publicly available datasets. Diversity analyses showed that microbiome dysbiosis in saliva was significantly linked to oral health status. As oral health deteriorated, the number of core species declined, and metabolic pathways predicted by PICRUSt2 were dysregulated. Partitioned beta-diversity revealed an extremely high species turnover but low function turnover. Functional beta-diversity in saliva microbiome shifted from turnover to nestedness during oral carcinogenesis, which was not observed at taxonomic levels. Correspondingly, the quantitative analysis of stochasticity ratios showed that drivers of microbial composition and functional gene content of saliva microbiomes were primarily governed by the stochastic processes, yet the driver of functional gene content shifted toward deterministic processes as oral cancer developed. Re-analysis of publicly accessible datasets supported not only the distinctive family taxa of Veillonellaceae and Actinomycetaceae present in normal cohorts but also that Flavobacteriaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae as well as the dysregulated metabolic pathways of nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, and cell structure were related to oral cancer. Using predicted functional profiles to elucidate the correlations to the oral health status shows superior performance than using taxonomic data among different studies. These findings advance our understanding of the oral ecosystem in relation to oral carcinogenesis and provide a new direction to the development of microbiome-based tools to study the interplay of the oral microbiome, metabolites, and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung-Wen Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Horng Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wha Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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11
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Leukoplakia in the Oral Cavity and Oral Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174439. [PMID: 34503249 PMCID: PMC8431082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this narrative review is to better understand the role of the oral microbiota in oral cavity leukoplakia. We provide a comprehensive review, exhaustively summarizing the steps taken in this field. Abstract We reviewed the current published literature on the impact of oral microbiota on oral cavity leukoplakia (OLK), aiming at clarifying its role in disease transformation. The analysis unveiled that bacterial richness and diversity in the oral cavity tend to be decreased in OLK compared to healthy controls, with a reduction in the prevalent commensals, such as Streptococci, and elevation of anaerobes. Moreover, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia are recurrent findings, and they already have been linked to periodontal disease. These microbial community changes may also represent a marker for the transition from OLK to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the reviewed studies present several limitations, making an objective comparison difficult. To overcome these biases, longitudinal studies are necessary.
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Arthur RA, Dos Santos Bezerra R, Ximenez JPB, Merlin BL, de Andrade Morraye R, Neto JV, Fava NMN, Figueiredo DLA, de Biagi CAO, Montibeller MJ, Guimarães JB, Alves EG, Schreiner M, da Costa TS, da Silva CFL, Malheiros JM, da Silva LHB, Ribas GT, Achallma DO, Braga CM, Andrade KFA, do Carmo Alves Martins V, Dos Santos GVN, Granatto CF, Terin UC, Sanches IH, Ramos DE, Garay-Malpartida HM, de Souza GMP, Slavov SN, Silva WA. Microbiome and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a possible interplay on iron metabolism and its impact on tumor microenvironment. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1287-1302. [PMID: 34002353 PMCID: PMC8324744 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing positive association between changes in oral microbiome and the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol- and nicotine-related products can induce microbial changes but are still unknown if these changes are related to cancerous lesion sites. In an attempt to understand how these changes can influence the OSCC development and maintenance, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral microbiome linked with OSCC as well as to identify functional signatures and associate them with healthy or precancerous and cancerous sites. Our group used data of oral microbiomes available in public repositories. The analysis included data of oral microbiomes from electronic cigarette users, alcohol consumers, and precancerous and OSCC samples. An R-based pipeline was used for taxonomic and functional prediction analysis. The Streptococcus spp. genus was the main class identified in the healthy group. Haemophilus spp. predominated in precancerous lesions. OSCC samples revealed a higher relative abundance compared with the other groups, represented by an increased proportion of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Haemophilus spp., and Campylobacter spp. Venn diagram analysis showed 52 genera exclusive of OSCC samples. Both precancerous and OSCC samples seemed to present a specific associated functional pattern. They were menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase pattern enhanced in the former and both 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (purine metabolism) and iron(III) transport system ATP-binding protein enhanced in the latter. We conclude that although precancerous and OSCC samples present some differences on microbial profile, both microbiomes act as "iron chelators-like" potentially contributing to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Oncology, Stem Cells and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Andrade Morraye
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Valentini Neto
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Nasser Fava
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo
- Institute for Cancer Research (IPEC), Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Jara Montibeller
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen Gomes Alves
- Undergraduate in Biological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Schreiner
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago Silva da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Charlie Felipe Liberati da Silva
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Henrique Burda da Silva
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Taborda Ribas
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daisy Obispo Achallma
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, FARVET, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú & Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular (CIGBM), Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Camila Margalho Braga
- Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon, Pará State University, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Karen Flaviane Assis Andrade
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Henrique Sanches
- Institute of Pathology Tropical and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Diana Estefania Ramos
- Department of Oral; Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Marcelino Pereira de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501 - 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
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13
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Thomas C, Minty M, Vinel A, Canceill T, Loubières P, Burcelin R, Kaddech M, Blasco-Baque V, Laurencin-Dalicieux S. Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1376. [PMID: 34441309 PMCID: PMC8391932 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is host to a complex and diverse microbiota community which plays an important role in health and disease. Major oral infections, i.e., caries and periodontal diseases, are both responsible for and induced by oral microbiota dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is known to have an impact on other chronic systemic diseases, whether triggering or aggravating them, making the oral microbiota a novel target in diagnosing, following, and treating systemic diseases. In this review, we summarize the major roles that oral microbiota can play in systemic disease development and aggravation and also how novel tools can help investigate this complex ecosystem. Finally, we describe new therapeutic approaches based on oral bacterial recolonization or host modulation therapies. Collaboration in diagnosis and treatment between oral specialists and general health specialists is of key importance in bridging oral and systemic health and disease and improving patients' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thomas
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Canceill
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR CNRS 5085, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d’Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubières
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Remy Burcelin
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Myriam Kaddech
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1295, Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations de Toulouse (CERPOP), Epidémiologie et Analyse en Santé Publique, Risques, Maladies Chroniques et Handicaps, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France
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14
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Su Mun L, Wye Lum S, Kong Yuiin Sze G, Hock Yoong C, Ching Yung K, Kah Lok L, Gopinath D. Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7224. [PMID: 34299675 PMCID: PMC8306663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially Fusobacteria, whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa Streptococci. Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Su Mun
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - See Wye Lum
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Genevieve Kong Yuiin Sze
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Cheong Hock Yoong
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Kwek Ching Yung
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Liong Kah Lok
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Oral Diagnosis and Surgical Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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15
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Salivary microbial diversity at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104913. [PMID: 33915204 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) disrupts the host microbial balance. During disease progression, the oral microbial environment is altered in untreated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); however, no studies have reported changes in salivary microbial diversity during different stages of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the relationships between immune dysfunction and changes in saliva microbiota. To this end, we collected saliva samples from 11 HIV-negative individuals and 44 PLWHA during different stages based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (stage 0, early stage during the first 6 months after infection; stages 1, 2, and 3 associated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of ≥500, 200-499, and ≤200 or opportunistic infection, respectively). We analyzed salivary microbial community diversity using polymerase chain reaction amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We found that HIV-positive individuals had significantly greater alpha-diversity in the microbial community composition compared with HIV-negative controls (P < 0.05) except for AIDS (stage 3); however, the predominant salivary microbiota in the five groups remained similar. Porphyromonas in the four positive groups was the only genus that was significantly less abundant in the HIV-positive groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). There were some consistencies between the general abundance of salivary microbiota and AIDS disease progression. Lots of bacterial abundances in the saliva increased dramatically during the acute HIV infection (stage 0), and some of the negligible and abnormally proliferating bacteria in the asymptomatic stage showed a downward trend. Additionally, in the AIDS stage, partial inhibition was observed. Notably, Porphyromonas was closely related to the immune activation of HIV, showing a decline in abundance once infected with HIV. Solobacterium, which induces inflammation, was negatively correlated with CD4 counts. Overall, our findings provided important insights into changes in salivary microbial diversity in PLWHA.
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16
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Ueda S, Goto M, Hashimoto K, Hasegawa S, Imazawa M, Takahashi M, Oh-Iwa I, Shimozato K, Nagao T, Nomoto S. Salivary CCL20 Level as a Biomarker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:103-112. [PMID: 33608307 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study investigated the utility of C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) expression in saliva as a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also examined the associated microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group included patients with OSCC or oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and healthy volunteers (HVs). microarray and qRT-PCR were used to compare salivary CCL20 expression levels among groups. Data on CCL20 levels in oral cancer tissues and normal tissues were retrieved from a public database and examined. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing was used to investigate the salivary microbiome. RESULTS A significant increase in the expression level of CCL20 was observed in both OSCC tissues and saliva from patients with oral cancer. Fusobacterium was identified as the predominant bacteria in OSCC and correlated with CCL20 expression level. OSCC screening based on salivary CCL20 expression enabled successful differentiation between patients with OSCC and HVs. CONCLUSION CCL20 expression may be a useful biomarker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Ueda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kengo Hashimoto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Hasegawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Imazawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marico Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oh-Iwa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimozato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
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17
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Zaura E, Pappalardo VY, Buijs MJ, Volgenant CMC, Brandt BW. Optimizing the quality of clinical studies on oral microbiome: A practical guide for planning, performing, and reporting. Periodontol 2000 2021; 85:210-236. [PMID: 33226702 PMCID: PMC7756869 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With this review, we aim to increase the quality standards for clinical studies with microbiome as an output parameter. We critically address the existing body of evidence for good quality practices in oral microbiome studies based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. First, we discuss the usefulness of microbiome profile analyses. Is a microbiome study actually the best approach for answering the research question? This is followed by addressing the criteria for the most appropriate study design, sample size, and the necessary data (study metadata) that should be collected. Next, we evaluate the available evidence for best practices in sample collection, transport, storage, and DNA isolation. Finally, an overview of possible sequencing options (eg, 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions, sequencing platforms), processing and data interpretation approaches, as well as requirements for meaningful data storage, sharing, and reporting are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Vincent Y. Pappalardo
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Catherine M. C. Volgenant
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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18
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Hao Y, Tang C, Du Q, Zhou X, Peng X, Cheng L. Comparative analysis of oral microbiome from Zang and Han populations living at different altitudes. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104986. [PMID: 33246246 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to obtain greater insight into the environmental and genetic factors affecting the oral microbiome. DESIGN To this end, we investigated the oral microbiome composition in Han and Zang populations living at different altitudes. The saliva microbiome in 115 individuals from Zang and Han populations living at different altitudes was analyzed using the 16 s rRNA gene sequencing method on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The dominant species in the oral microbiome were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. RESULTS The Han population, living at an altitude of 500 m, had higher microbiome diversity than the Zang population living at altitudes of 3000-4000 m. People living at 3000 m had a higher relative abundance of Leptothrix genus, but people living at 500 m had a higher relative abundance of Capnocytophaga genus according to Lefse difference analysis (P < 0.05). Compared to the Zang population, the Han population had higher relative abundances of Porphyromonas and Treponema genus organisms, especially Porphyromonas (P < 0.001). qPCR analysis confirmed that people living at high altitudes had the highest relative abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that both genetics and the environment had significant influences on the oral microbiome composition. The study proposed a meaningful research direction to explore the relationship between different ethnic and altitude groups and oral diseases, such as periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Can Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qilian Du
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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19
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Rai AK, Panda M, Das AK, Rahman T, Das R, Das K, Sarma A, Kataki AC, Chattopadhyay I. Dysbiosis of salivary microbiome and cytokines influence oral squamous cell carcinoma through inflammation. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:137-152. [PMID: 32783067 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced combinatorial treatments of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy do not have any effect on the enhancement of a 5-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The discovery of early diagnostic non-invasive biomarkers is required to improve the survival rate of OSCC patients. Recently, it has been reported that oral microbiome has a significant contribution to the development of OSCC. Oral microbiome induces inflammatory response through the production of cytokines and chemokines that enhances tumor cell proliferation and survival. The study aims to develop saliva-based oral microbiome and cytokine biomarker panel that screen OSCC patients based on the level of the microbiome and cytokine differences. We compared the oral microbiome signatures and cytokine level in the saliva of OSCC patients and healthy individuals by 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3/V4 region using the MiSeq platform and cytokine assay, respectively. The higher abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium sp., Veillonella parvula, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella pallens, Dialister, Streptococcus anginosus, Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter ureolyticus, Prevotella nanceiensis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and significant elevation of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in the saliva of patients having OSCC. Oncobacteria such as S. anginosus, V. parvula, P. endodontalis, and P. anaerobius may contribute to the development of OSCC by increasing inflammation via increased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF. These oncobacteria and cytokines panels could potentially be used as a non-invasive biomarker in clinical practice for more efficient screening and early detection of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avdhesh Kumar Rai
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610101, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Tashnin Rahman
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Rajjyoti Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Kishore Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Amal Ch Kataki
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 16, India
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610101, India.
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Newly developed primary malignancies in long-term survivors who underwent curative esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Today 2020; 51:153-158. [PMID: 32638131 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy of the long-term follow-up of patients who underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to screen for recurrence and new primary malignancies. METHODS We retrospectively collected 448 ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, computed tomography, a stool test and the assessment of the serum concentration of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen were performed annually, even over 5 years after esophagectomy. The incidence of ESCC recurrence and new primary malignancies was investigated. RESULTS We enrolled 222 patients who survived at least 5 years after esophagectomy. A total of 104 new primary malignancies occurred in 82 patients (36.9%) after esophagectomy. Twenty-one malignancies were in the head and neck region, 14 in the residual esophagus, 13 in the prostate and 11 in the gastric tube and lung. Patients who developed new primary malignancies after esophagectomy had a significantly higher Brinkman index than those without new malignancies. An endoscopic approach successfully treated 92.9% of carcinomas in the residual esophagus, 90.9% of cancers in the gastric tube and 42.9% of carcinomas in the head and neck region. CONCLUSION The incidence of new primary malignancies was higher than the age-standardized incidence. Long-term follow-up and systemic screening may increase the probability of an early diagnosis and subsequent low-invasive treatment.
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21
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Belstrøm D. The salivary microbiota in health and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1723975. [PMID: 32128039 PMCID: PMC7034443 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1723975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Panda M, Rai AK, Rahman T, Das A, Das R, Sarma A, Kataki AC, Chattopadhyay I. Alterations of salivary microbial community associated with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:785-805. [PMID: 31832691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest incidence of HP cancer in India was reported in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, Aizawl District of Mizoram, and Kamrup Urban District of Assam. HP and OP cancer showed the highest mortality rate, worst prognoses and the highest rate of nodal metastases and distant metastases. Thus, research is required to detect specific biomarkers for early prevention and diagnosis for these cancers. Oral microbiome signatures in saliva are considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer. Bacterial profile alterations in OP and HP cancer have not been reported in India population, to establish the association of oral bacteria in the progression of OP and HP cancer; we studied bacterial communities in saliva of eight OP and seven HP cancer patients as compared to healthy controls using 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. The higher abundance of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus influenzae and Prevotella copri and lower abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Aggregatibacter segnis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nanceiensis, Rothia aeria, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria bacilliformis, Prevotella nigrescens and Selenomonas noxia in saliva of OP and HP cancer patients may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer patients. Streptococcus anginosus may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP cancer patients only. Therefore, evaluation of salivary microbial biomarkers may be informative to understand the pathobiology and carcinogenesis of OP and HP cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Avdhesh Kumar Rai
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Tashnin Rahman
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Ashok Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Rajjyoti Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Amal Ch Kataki
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India.
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