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Veljović Jovanović S, Kasalica B, Miletić K, Vidović M, Šušić N, Jeremić D, Belča I. Red-Light Transmittance Changes in Variegated Pelargonium zonale-Diurnal Variation in Chloroplast Movement and Photosystem II Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14265. [PMID: 37762566 PMCID: PMC10532150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast movement rapidly ameliorates the effects of suboptimal light intensity by accumulating along the periclinal cell walls, as well as the effects of excess light by shifting to the anticlinal cell walls. These acclimation responses are triggered by phototropins located at the plasma membrane and chloroplast envelope. Here, we used a recently developed non-invasive system sensitive to very small changes in red light leaf transmittance to perform long-term continuous measurements of dark-light transitions. As a model system, we used variegated Pelargonium zonale leaves containing green sectors (GS) with fully developed chloroplasts and achlorophyllous, white sectors (WS) with undifferentiated plastids, and higher phototropin expression levels. We observed biphasic changes in the red-light transmittance and oscillations triggered by medium intensities of white light, described by a transient peak preceded by a constant decrease in transmittance level. A slight change in red-light transmittance was recorded even in WS. Furthermore, the chloroplast position at lower light intensities affected the rapid light curves, while high light intensity decreased saturated electron transport, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and increased non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and epidermal flavonoids. Our results extend the knowledge of light-dependent chloroplast movements and thus contribute to a better understanding of their role in regulating photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bećko Kasalica
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.K.); (K.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Katarina Miletić
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.K.); (K.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Marija Vidović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Šušić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Jeremić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivan Belča
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.K.); (K.M.); (I.B.)
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Xin GY, Li LP, Wang PT, Li XY, Han YJ, Zhao X. The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:50. [PMID: 37676522 PMCID: PMC10441985 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
To cope with fluctuating light conditions, terrestrial plants have evolved precise regulation mechanisms to help optimize light capture and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Upon blue light-triggered autophosphorylation, activated phototropin (PHOT1 and PHOT2) photoreceptors function solely or redundantly to regulate diverse responses, including phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf positioning and flattening in plants. These responses enhance light capture under low-light conditions and avoid photodamage under high-light conditions. NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) and ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) are signal transducers that function in the PHOT1- and PHOT2-mediated response. NPH3 is required for phototropism, leaf expansion and positioning. RPT2 regulates chloroplast accumulation as well as NPH3-mediated responses. NRL PROTEIN FOR CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 (NCH1) was recently identified as a PHOT1-interacting protein that functions redundantly with RPT2 to mediate chloroplast accumulation. The PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) proteins (PKS1, PKS2, and PKS4) interact with PHOT1 and NPH3 and mediate hypocotyl phototropic bending. This review summarizes advances in phototropic growth and chloroplast movement induced by light. We also focus on how crosstalk in signaling between phototropism and chloroplast movement enhances weak light capture, providing a basis for future studies aiming to delineate the mechanism of light-trapping plants to improve light-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peng-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuan-Ji Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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Ptushenko OS, Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE. Spectrum of Light as a Determinant of Plant Functioning: A Historical Perspective. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E25. [PMID: 32192016 PMCID: PMC7151614 DOI: 10.3390/life10030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of the spectral composition of light for growth and other physiological functions of plants moved to the focus of "plant science" soon after the discovery of photosynthesis, if not earlier. The research in this field recently intensified due to the explosive development of computer-controlled systems for artificial illumination and documenting photosynthetic activity. The progress is also substantiated by recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of photo-regulation of assorted physiological functions in plants mediated by photoreceptors and other pigment systems. The spectral balance of solar radiation can vary significantly, affecting the functioning and development of plants. Its effects are evident on the macroscale (e.g., in individual plants growing under the forest canopy) as well as on the meso- or microscale (e.g., mutual shading of leaf cell layers and chloroplasts). The diversity of the observable effects of light spectrum variation arises through (i) the triggering of different photoreceptors, (ii) the non-uniform efficiency of spectral components in driving photosynthesis, and (iii) a variable depth of penetration of spectral components into the leaf. We depict the effects of these factors using the spectral dependence of chloroplast photorelocation movements interlinked with the changes in light penetration into (light capture by) the leaf and the photosynthetic capacity. In this review, we unfold the history of the research on the photocontrol effects and put it in the broader context of photosynthesis efficiency and photoprotection under stress caused by a high intensity of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana S. Ptushenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei E. Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology, Pskov State University, 180000 Pskov, Russia
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Fujii Y, Kodama Y. Refinements to light sources used to analyze the chloroplast cold-avoidance response over the past century. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1411452. [PMID: 29200323 PMCID: PMC5927705 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1411452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts alter their subcellular positions in response to ambient light and temperature conditions. This well-characterized light-induced response, which was first described nearly 100 years ago, is regulated by the blue-light photoreceptor, phototropin. By contrast, the molecular mechanism of low temperature-induced chloroplast relocation (i.e., the cold-avoidance response) was unexplored until its discovery in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris in 2008. Because this response is also regulated by phototropin, it was thought to occur in a blue light-dependent manner. However, until recently, the blue light dependency of this response could not be examined due to the lack of a stable light source under cold conditions. We recently refined the light source to precisely control light intensity under cold conditions. Using this light source, we observed the blue light dependency of the cold-avoidance response in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the phototropin2-mediated cold-avoidance response in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved among land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujii
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
- CONTACT Yutaka Kodama Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
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Kong SG, Wada M. Molecular basis of chloroplast photorelocation movement. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:159-66. [PMID: 26794773 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast photorelocation movement is an essential physiological response for sessile plant survival and the optimization of photosynthetic ability. Simple but effective experiments on the physiological, cell biological and molecular genetic aspects have been widely used to investigate the signaling components of chloroplast photorelocation movement in Arabidopsis for the past few decades. Although recent knowledge on chloroplast photorelocation movement has led us to a deeper understanding of its physiological and molecular basis, the biochemical roles of the downstream factors remain largely unknown. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances regarding chloroplast photorelocation movement and propose that a new high-resolution approach is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying actin-based chloroplast photorelocation movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Geun Kong
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Research Center for Live-Protein Dynamics, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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WADA M. Chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 92:387-411. [PMID: 27840388 PMCID: PMC5328789 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts move toward weak light to increase photosynthetic efficiency, and migrate away from strong light to protect chloroplasts from photodamage and eventual cell death. These chloroplast behaviors were first observed more than 100 years ago, but the underlying mechanism has only recently been identified. Ideal plant materials, such as fern gametophytes for photobiological and cell biological approaches, and Arabidopsis thaliana for genetic analyses, have been used along with sophisticated methods, such as partial cell irradiation and time-lapse video recording under infrared light to study chloroplast movement. These studies have revealed precise chloroplast behavior, and identified photoreceptors, other relevant protein components, and novel actin filament structures required for chloroplast movement. In this review, our findings regarding chloroplast and nuclear movements are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu WADA
- Department Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Higa T, Wada M. Clues to the signals for chloroplast photo-relocation from the lifetimes of accumulation and avoidance responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:120-126. [PMID: 25376644 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast photo-relocation movement is crucial for plant survival; however, the mechanism of this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Especially, the signal that goes from photoreceptor to chloroplast is unknown, although the photoreceptors (phototropin 1 and 2) have been identified and an actin structure (chloroplast actin filaments) has been characterized that is specific for chloroplast movement. Here, in gametophytes of the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, gametophores of the moss Physcomiterella patens, and leaves of the seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we sought to characterize the signaling system by measuring the lifetime of the induced response. Chloroplast movements were induced by microbeam irradiation with high-intensity blue light and recorded. The lifetime of the avoidance state was measured as a lag time between switching off the beam and the loss of avoidance behavior, and that of the accumulation state was measured as the duration of accumulation behavior following the extinction of the beam. The lifetime for the avoidance response state is approximately 3-4 min and that for the accumulation response is 19-28 min. These data suggest that the two responses are based on distinct signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Higa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Baskin TI. Upward organelle motility. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:2-3. [PMID: 25494628 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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