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Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang M, Wu Y, Shi Y, Chen Y, Feng R, Yang X, Chen X, Wang B. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of the Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid at ppb Levels in Plant Samples after a Single Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11794-11803. [PMID: 38739902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) is a common analysis technique due to its high versatility and simple operation. In the present study, HPLC-UV detection was integrated with immunoaffinity cleanup (IAC) of the sample extracts. The matrix effect was greatly reduced, and the limit of detection was as low as 1 ng/g of free abscisic acid (ABA) in fresh plant tissues. A monoclonal antibody 3F1 (mAb 3F1) was developed to specifically recognize free ABA but not ABA analogues. The mAb 3F1-immobilized immunoaffinity column exhibited a capacity of 850 ng/mL and an elution efficiency of 88.8-105% for standards. The extraction recoveries of the column for ABA ranged from 80.4 to 108.9%. ABA content was detected in various plant samples with IAC-HPLC-UV. The results were verified with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. IAC-HPLC-UV can be a sensitive and cost-efficient method for plant hormone analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wan H, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhou G, Pan L, Fernie AR, Ruan YL. Evolution of cytosolic and organellar invertases empowered the colonization and thriving of land plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1227-1243. [PMID: 37429000 PMCID: PMC10661998 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular innovation underpinning efficient carbon and energy metabolism during evolution of land plants remains largely unknown. Invertase-mediated sucrose cleavage into hexoses is central to fuel growth. Why some cytoplasmic invertases (CINs) function in the cytosol, whereas others operate in chloroplasts and mitochondria, is puzzling. We attempted to shed light on this question from an evolutionary perspective. Our analyses indicated that plant CINs originated from a putatively orthologous ancestral gene in cyanobacteria and formed the plastidic CIN (α1 clade) through endosymbiotic gene transfer, while its duplication in algae with a loss of its signal peptide produced the β clade CINs in the cytosol. The mitochondrial CINs (α2) were derived from duplication of the plastidic CINs and coevolved with vascular plants. Importantly, the copy number of mitochondrial and plastidic CINs increased upon the emergence of seed plants, corresponding with the rise of respiratory, photosynthetic, and growth rates. The cytosolic CIN (β subfamily) kept expanding from algae to gymnosperm, indicating its role in supporting the increase in carbon use efficiency during evolution. Affinity purification mass spectrometry identified a cohort of proteins interacting with α1 and 2 CINs, which points to their roles in plastid and mitochondrial glycolysis, oxidative stress tolerance, and the maintenance of subcellular sugar homeostasis. Collectively, the findings indicate evolutionary roles of α1 and α2 CINs in chloroplasts and mitochondria for achieving high photosynthetic and respiratory rates, respectively, which, together with the expanding of cytosolic CINs, likely underpin the colonization of land plants through fueling rapid growth and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Limin Wu
- Food and Agriculture, CSIRO, ACT, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Luzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Shen S, Ma S, Wu L, Zhou SL, Ruan YL. Winners take all: competition for carbon resource determines grain fate. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:893-901. [PMID: 37080837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionary strategy, plants overproduce ovaries as a safety net for survival, with those losing in the competition for resources being aborted. Grain abortion is, however, highly detrimental agronomically. The molecular basis of selective abortion of grain siblings remains unknown. In this opinion article we assess the current understanding of the molecular players controlling carbon resource import into ovaries and young grains, followed by an evaluation of the spatial hierarchy of sink capacity among grain siblings, focusing on the roles exerted by sugar transporters and enzymes. We argue that, upon sequential pollination and fertilization, robust activation of the carbon import and sugar signaling system plays a key role in establishing the capacity of grain siblings to acquire enough carbon resources to survive and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Chen G, Peng L, Gong J, Wang J, Wu C, Sui X, Tian Y, Hu M, Li C, He X, Yang H, Zhang Q, Ouyang Y, Lan Y, Li T. Effects of water stress on starch synthesis and accumulation of two rice cultivars at different growth stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133524. [PMID: 37180383 PMCID: PMC10166795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a water intensive crop and soil water conditions affect rice yield and quality. However, there is limited research on the starch synthesis and accumulation of rice under different soil water conditions at different growth stages. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of IR72 (indica) and Nanjing (NJ) 9108 (japonica) rice cultivars under flood-irrigated treatment (CK, 0 kPa), light water stress treatment (L, -20 ± 5 kPa), moderate water stress treatment (M, -40 ± 5 kPa) and severe water stress treatment (S, -60 ± 5 kPa) on the starch synthesis and accumulation and rice yield at booting stage (T1), flowering stage (T2) and filling stage (T3), respectively. Under LT treatment, the total soluble sugar and sucrose contents of both cultivars decreased while the amylose and total starch contents increased. Starch synthesis-related enzyme activities and their peak activities at mid-late growth stage increased as well. However, applying MT and ST treatments produced the opposite effects. The 1000-grain weight of both cultivars increased under LT treatment while the seed setting rate increased only under LT3 treatment. Compared with CK, water stress at booting stage decreased grain yield. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that LT3 got the highest comprehensive score while ST1 got lowest for both cultivars. Furthermore, the comprehensive score of both cultivars under the same water stress treatment followed the trend of T3 > T2 > T1, and NJ 9108 had a better drought-resistant ability than IR72. Compared with CK, the grain yield under LT3 increased by 11.59% for IR72 and 16.01% for NJ 9108, respectively. Overall, these results suggested that light water stress at filling stage could be an effective method to enhance starch synthesis-related enzyme activities, promote starch synthesis and accumulation and increase grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ligong Peng
- College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyue Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Sui
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Tian
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Hu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congmei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingmei He
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuqiu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyuan Ouyang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Li W, Huang L, Liu N, Chen Y, Guo J, Yu B, Luo H, Zhou X, Huai D, Chen W, Yan L, Wang X, Lei Y, Liao B, Jiang H. Identification of a stable major sucrose-related QTL and diagnostic marker for flavor improvement in peanut. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:78. [PMID: 36952020 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An InDel marker closely linked with a major and stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome A08, qSUCA08.2, controlling sucrose content will benefit peanut flavor improvement. Sucrose is the main soluble sugar in mature peanut kernel, and its content is a key determinant of flavor. However, the genetic basis of sucrose content in peanut remains poorly understood, which limits the progress of flavor improvement. In the present study, two genomic regions (qSUCA08a and qSUCB06a) for sucrose content on chromosomes A08 and B06 were identified by QTL-seq in a RIL population derived from a cross between Zhonghua 10 and ICG 12625. In the interval of qSUCB06a, QTL qSUCB06.2 was detected through QTL mapping in a single environment. The qSUCA08a was further dissected into 3 adjacent genomic regions using linkage analysis including a major QTL qSUCA08.2 explaining 5.43-17.84% phenotypic variation across five environments. A 61-bp insertion at position 35,099,320 in the higher sucrose parent ICG 12625 was found in qSUCA08.2. An InDel marker SUC.InDel.A08 based on the insertion/deletion polymorphism was developed and validated within a natural population containing 172 peanut cultivars in two environments. The mean sucrose content of 93 cultivars with ICG 12625 allele was significantly higher than that of 79 cultivars with Zhonghua 10 allele. The qSUCA08.2 corresponding to a 2.11 Mb interval harbored 110 genes. Among these genes, a total of 19 genes were considered as candidate genes including 5 non-synonymous mutation genes and 14 differentially expressed genes during seed development. These results provide new insights into the genetic basis of sucrose regulation in peanut and benefit the breeding program for developing new varieties with excellent flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Bolun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Huaiyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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6
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Gong HL, Liu JB, Igiraneza C, Dusengemungu L. Sucrose Transporter StSUT2 Affects Potato Plants Growth, Flowering Time, and Tuber Yield. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2629-2643. [PMID: 36975542 PMCID: PMC10047837 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose transporters (SUTs) mediate sucrose phloem loading in source tissue and sucrose unloading into sink tissue in potatoes and higher plants, thus playing a crucial role in plant growth and development. In potatoes, the physiological function of the sucrose transporters StSUT1 and StSUT4 has been clarified, whereas the physiological role of StSUT2 is not yet fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzed the relative expression of StSUT2 compared to that of StSUT1 and StSUT4 in different tissues from potatoes and its impact on different physiological characteristics by using StSUT2-RNA interference lines. Here, we report a negative effect of StSUT2-RNA interference on plant height, fresh weight, internodes number, leaf area, flowering time, and tuber yield. However, our data indicate that StSUT2 is not involved in carbohydrate accumulation in potato leaves and tubers. In addition, the data of the RNA-seq between the StSUT2-RNA interference line and WT showed that 152 genes were differentially expressed, of which 128 genes were upregulated and 24 genes were downregulated, and the GO and KEGG analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly related to cell wall composition metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Thus, StSUT2 functions in potato plant growth, flowering time, and tuber yield without affecting carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves and tubers but may be involved in cell wall composition metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Gong
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jin-Bao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Guangdong Hybribio Biotech Co., Ltd., Building 2, National Biomedical Industry Base, Yuzhong Park, Lanzhou 730100, China
| | - Clement Igiraneza
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Leonce Dusengemungu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Hu Z, Tang Z, Yang J, Bao S, Zhang Y, Ma L, Zheng Q, Yang F, Zhang D, Sun S, Hu Y. Knockout of OsSWEET15 Impairs Rice Embryo Formation and Seed-Setting. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:258-268. [PMID: 36525532 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that the knockout of a sugar transporter gene OsSWEET15 led to a significant drop in rice fertility with around half of the knockout mutant's spikelets bearing blighted or empty grains. The rest of the spikelets bore fertile grains with a slightly reduced weight. Notably, the ovaries in the blighted grains of the ossweet15 mutants expanded after flowering but terminated their development before the endosperm cellularization stage and subsequently aborted. β- glucuronidase (GUS) and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter lines representing the OsSWEET15 expression showed that the gene was expressed in the endosperm tissues surrounding the embryo, which supposedly supplies nutrients to sustain embryo development. These results together with the protein's demonstrated sucrose transport capacity and plasma membrane localization suggest that OsSWEET15 plays a prominent role during the caryopsis formation stage, probably by releasing sucrose from the endosperm to support embryo development. By contrast, the empty grains were probably caused by the reduced pollen viability of the ossweet15 mutants. Investigation of ossweet11 mutant grains revealed similar phenotypes to those observed in the ossweet15 mutants. These results indicate that both OsSWEET15 and OsSWEET11 play important and similar roles in rice pollen development, caryopsis formation and seed-setting, in addition to their function in seed-filling that was demonstrated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenjia Tang
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuhui Bao
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lai Ma
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Bio-Technology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, No. 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yibing Hu
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Su J, Jiao T, Liu X, Zhu L, Ma B, Ma F, Li M. Calcyclin-binding protein-promoted degradation of MdFRUCTOKINASE2 regulates sugar homeostasis in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1052-1065. [PMID: 36461944 PMCID: PMC9922394 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructokinase (FRK) activates fructose through phosphorylation, which sends the activated fructose into primary metabolism and regulates fructose signaling capabilities in plants. The apple (Malus × domestica) FRK gene MdFRK2 shows especially high affinity to fructose, and its overexpression decreases fructose levels in the leaves of young plants. However, in the current study of mature plants, fruits of transgenic apple trees overexpressing MdFRK2 accumulated a higher level of fructose than wild-type (WT) fruits (at both young and mature stages). Transgenic apple trees with high mRNA MdFRK2 expression showed no significant differences in MdFRK2 protein abundance or FRK enzyme activity compared to WT in mature leaves, young fruits, and mature fruits. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis identified an skp1, cullin, F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase, calcyclin-binding protein (CacyBP), that interacted with MdFRK2. RNA-sequencing analysis provided evidence for ubiquitin-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of MdFRK2 protein for the maintenance of fructose homeostasis in mature leaves and fruits. Further analyses suggested an MdCacyBP-MdFRK2 regulatory module, in which MdCacyBP interacts with and ubiquitinates MdFRK2 to facilitate its degradation by the 26S proteasome, thus decreasing the FRK enzyme activity to elevate fructose concentration in transgenic apple trees. This result uncovered an important mechanism underlying plant fructose homeostasis in different organs through regulating the MdFRK2 protein level via ubiquitination and degradation. Our study provides usable data for the future improvement of apple flavor and expands our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant fructose content and signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Abstract
Sugar, an osmoregulatory substance used by plants to adapt to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, is one of the most important indexes of fruit quality. In this study, 0–150 mM saline–alkali solutions (NaCl:NaHCO3 = 3:1) were used to irrigate the roots of 10-year-old “Junzao” fruit trees during the growth period to explore the regulation mechanism of different concentrations of saline–alkali stress on sugar and reactive oxygen metabolism in jujube fruit at maturity. The results showed that under low stress (0~90 mM), the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in the jujube fruit and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase decomposition direction (SS-I), and sucrose synthase synthesis direction (SS-II) increased with increases in stress concentration, results that were consistent with the relative expression trends of the SPS and SS genes; however, the results were reversed under high concentrations (120 and 150 mM). The soluble acid invertase (S-AI) activity decreased with increases in stress concentration under low stress, and the results were reversed with high stress, which was consistent with the relative expression trends of the ZjcINV3, ZjnINV1, and ZjnINV3. Research regarding the response of antioxidant enzymes in fruits under saline–alkali stress showed that only the differences in peroxidase (POD) activity under saline–alkali stress were consistent with sugar accumulation; the proline (PRO), catalase (CAT) decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with increases in saline–alkali stress. These results indicate that the sugar metabolism and antioxidase jointly promote and regulate sugar accumulation in jujube fruits in a low saline–alkali environment.
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10
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Liu Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Qin A, Yu X, Zhao Z, Wu R, Guo C, Bawa G, Rochaix J, Sun X. Identification of novel regulators required for early development of vein pattern in the cotyledons by single-cell RNA-sequencing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:7-22. [PMID: 35218590 PMCID: PMC9310732 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The leaf veins of higher plants contain a highly specialized vascular system comprised of xylem and phloem cells that transport water, organic compounds and mineral nutrients. The development of the vascular system is controlled by phytohormones that interact with complex transcriptional regulatory networks. Before the emergence of true leaves, the cotyledons of young seedlings perform photosynthesis that provides energy for the sustainable growth and survival of seedlings. However, the mechanisms underlying the early development of leaf veins in cotyledons are still not fully understood, in part due to the complex cellular composition of this tissue. To better understand the development of leaf veins, we analyzed 14 117 single cells from 3-day-old cotyledons using single-cell RNA sequencing. Based on gene expression patterns, we identified 10 clusters of cells and traced their developmental trajectories. We discovered multiple new marker genes and developmental features of leaf veins. The transcription factor networks of some cell types indicated potential roles of CYCLING DOF FACTOR 5 (CDF5) and REPRESSOR OF GA (RGA) in the early development and function of the leaf veins in cotyledons. These new findings lay a foundation for understanding the early developmental dynamics of cotyledon veins. The mechanisms underlying the early development of leaf veins in cotyledons are still not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the early differentiation and development of leaf veins in 3-day-old cotyledons based on single-cell transcriptome analysis. We identified the cell types and novel marker genes of leaf veins and characterized the novel regulators of leaf vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Xiaole Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Jean‐David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant BiologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
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11
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Mao X, Wan Y, Huang S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhou S, Feng X, Gao C, Wu C. High-sugar high-fat treatment induces autophagy of retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:22-28. [PMID: 35182971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of high-sugar high-fat treatment in inducing autophagy of rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS The optimal concentrations and time points of glucose and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in inducing rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells were determined by examining the proliferate rate by CCK-8 assay. They were divided into control group (blank control), model group (treatment of 50 mM glucose and 10 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h), chloroquine group (treatment of 20 μM chloroquine, 50 mM glucose and 10 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h), resveratrol group (treatment of 50 μM resveratrol, 50 mM glucose and 10 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h) and MITO-Tempol group (treatment of 20 μM MITO-Tempol, 50 mM glucose and 10 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells induced with high sugar high-fat treatment was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, protein levels of cathepsin B and cathepsin D in rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells induced with high sugar high-fat treatment were examined by immunofluorescence, and protein levels of LC3 A/B and the autophagy substrate P62 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. ROS level was significantly higher in model group than that of control group (P < 0.05). Compared with that of model group, ROS level was significantly reduced in chloroquine group and MITO-Tempol group, which was significantly elevated in resveratrol group (P < 0.05). Positive expressions of cathepsin B and cathepsin D were significantly reduced in model group than those of control group (P < 0.05). They were significantly elevated in chloroquine group and MITO-Tempol group, and reduced in resveratrol group than those of model group (P < 0.05). LC3 A/B and P62 were significantly upregulated in model group than those of control group (P < 0.05). Compared with those of model group, LC3 A/B and P62 were significantly downregulated in chloroquine group and MITO-Tempol group, and upregulated in resveratrol group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION High-sugar high-fat treatment induces autophagy of rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells, which can be intervened to a certain extent by chloroquine and MITO-Tempol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbang Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuwen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Sidan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shenghong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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12
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Mishra BS, Sharma M, Laxmi A. Role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13546. [PMID: 34480799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the natural environment, nutrient signals interact with phytohormones to coordinate and reprogram plant growth and survival. Sugars are important molecules that control almost all morphological and physiological processes in plants, ranging from seed germination to senescence. In addition to their functions as energy resources, osmoregulation, storage molecules, and structural components, sugars function as signaling molecules and interact with various plant signaling pathways, such as hormones, stress, and light to modulate growth and development according to fluctuating environmental conditions. Auxin, being an important phytohormone, is associated with almost all stages of the plant's life cycle and also plays a vital role in response to the dynamic environment for better growth and survival. In the previous years, substantial progress has been made that showed a range of common responses mediated by sugars and auxin signaling. This review discusses how sugar signaling affects auxin at various levels from its biosynthesis to perception and downstream gene activation. On the same note, the review also highlights the role of auxin signaling in fine-tuning sugar metabolism and carbon partitioning. Furthermore, we discussed the crosstalk between the two signaling machineries in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, cell cycle, development, root system architecture, and shoot growth. In conclusion, the review emphasized the role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in the regulation of several agriculturally important traits. Thus, engineering of sugar and auxin signaling pathways could potentially provide new avenues to manipulate for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra, Ram Gulam Rai P. G. College Banktashiv, Affiliated to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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13
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Ruan YL. CWIN-sugar transporter nexus is a key component for reproductive success. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153572. [PMID: 34839101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive development is critical for completion of plant life cycle and realization of crop yield potential. Reproductive organs comprise multiple distinctive or even transgenerational tissues, which are symplasmically disconnected from each other for protection and better control of nutrition and development. Cell wall invertases (CWINs) and sugar transporters are often specifically or abundantly expressed in these apoplasmic interfaces to provide carbon nutrients and sugar signals to developing pollens, endosperm and embryo. Emerging evidence shows that some of those genes were indeed targeted for selection during crop domestication. In this Opinion paper, I discuss the functional significance of the localized expression of CWINs and sugar transporters in reproductive organs followed by an analysis on how their spatial patterning may be regulated at the molecular levels and how the localized CWIN activity may be exploited for improvement of reproductive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre of Plant Reproductive and Stress Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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14
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Schogolev AS, Raievska IM. Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen deficiency is a limiting factor in increasing efficiency of crop production in terrestrial ecosystems, and the transformation of inert nitrogen to forms that can be assimilated by plants is mediated by soil microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and roots depend on each other and have developed various mechanisms for symbiotic coexistence. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): short-day (SD) line with genotype Е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7), and photoperiodic insensitive (PPI) line with genotype е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7) grown from seeds inoculated with active strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum against the background of local populations of diazotrophs of the genus Azotobacter spp. and establish how the soybean – Bradyrhizobium symbiosis will develop as the genes of both microsymbionts and macrosymbionts are responsible for the formation of the symbiotic complex. Plants were grown in a vegetation chamber, in sand culture. To assess the quantitative composition of microorganisms in the rhizosphere and rhizoplanes, 6 plants were selected from each soybean line, then separation of the zones of the rhizosphere and rhizoplanes was performed using the method of washing and the resulting suspension was used for inoculation on dense nutrient media (mannitol-yeast agar medium and Ashby medium). The results of study showed that seed inoculation and co-inoculation provides faster formation of the symbiotic soybean – Bradyrhizobium complex. Differences in nodulation rates between the short-day line with genotype Е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7), and a photoperiodic insensitive line with genotype е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7) were identified. Determination of the amount of B. japonicum on the medium of mannitol-yeast agar in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane showed that inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b caused a significant increase in the amount B. japonicum in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in both soybean lines, comparison with non-inoculated seeds. Then, co-inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b + Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased the amount of B. japonicum only in the rhizoplane and decreased their number in the rhizosphere. Determination of the amount of A. chroococcum on the Ashby elective medium in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane showed that the inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b caused a significant decrease in the amount of A. chroococcum both in the rhizosphere and in the rhizoplane of the PPI line of soybean, and in the rhizosphere the SD line, in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. That can testify to the competitive interaction of these microorganisms. However, the co-inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b + A. chroococcum in the SD line significantly increased the number of A. chroococcum in the rhizoplane and decreased their number in the rhizosphere, in the PPI line their number decreased in the rhizoplane and increased in the rhizosphere, in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. Probably, the E genes (their dominant or recessive state) of soybean isogenic lines affect the regulation of the content and distribution of sugars. It was established that the nitrogen deficiency stimulated development of the root system of plants and the synthesized sugars were distributed predominantly to the root system growth. We suppose that the seeds’ inoculation had extended sugar consumption to the symbiont, due to which it compensates the lack of nitrogen, but leads to a slower growth of the root system.
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15
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Li J, Foster R, Ma S, Liao SJ, Bliss S, Kartika D, Wang L, Wu L, Eamens AL, Ruan YL. Identification of transcription factors controlling cell wall invertase gene expression for reproductive development via bioinformatic and transgenic analyses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1058-1074. [PMID: 33650173 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall invertase (CWIN) hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellular matrix and plays crucial roles in assimilate partitioning and sugar signalling. However, the molecular regulators controlling CWIN gene transcription remain unknown. As the first step to address this issue, we performed bioinformatic and transgenic studies, which identified a cohort of transcription factors (TFs) modulating CWIN gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses identified 18 TFs as putative regulators of the expression of AtCWIN2 and AtCWIN4 that are predominantly expressed in Arabidopsis reproductive organs. Among them, MYB21, ARF6, ARF8, AP3 and CRC were subsequently shown to be the most likely regulators of CWIN gene expression based on molecular characterization of the respective mutant of each candidate TF. More specifically, the obtained data indicate that ARF6, ARF8 and MYB21 regulate CWIN2 expression in the anthers and CWIN4 in nectaries, anthers and petals, whereas AP3 and CRC were determined primarily to regulate the transcriptional activity of CWIN4. TF-promoter interaction assays demonstrated that ARF6 and ARF8 directly control CWIN2 and CWIN4 transcription with AP3 activating CWIN4. The involvement of ARF8 in regulating CWIN4 expression was further supported by the finding that enhanced CWIN4 expression partially recovered the short silique phenotype displayed by the arf8-3 mutant. The identification of the five TFs regulating CWIN expression serves as a launching pad for future studies to dissect the upstream molecular network underpinning the transcription of CWINs and provides a new avenue, potentially, to engineer assimilate allocation and reproductive development for improving seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ryan Foster
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Si Ma
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Jin Liao
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Samuel Bliss
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Dewi Kartika
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Limin Wu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew L Eamens
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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16
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Salam BB, Barbier F, Danieli R, Teper-Bamnolker P, Ziv C, Spíchal L, Aruchamy K, Shnaider Y, Leibman D, Shaya F, Carmeli-Weissberg M, Gal-On A, Jiang J, Ori N, Beveridge C, Eshel D. Sucrose promotes stem branching through cytokinin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1708-1721. [PMID: 33793932 PMCID: PMC8133652 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important aspect of plant architecture because it substantially affects plant biology and agricultural performance. Sugars play an important role in the induction of shoot branching in several species, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, the mechanism by which sugars affect shoot branching remains mostly unknown. In the present study, we addressed this question using sugar-mediated induction of bud outgrowth in potato stems under etiolated conditions. Our results indicate that sucrose feeding to detached stems promotes the accumulation of cytokinin (CK), as well as the expression of vacuolar invertase (VInv), an enzyme that contributes to sugar sink strength. These effects of sucrose were suppressed by CK synthesis and perception inhibitors, while CK supplied to detached stems induced bud outgrowth and VInv activity in the absence of sucrose. CK-induced bud outgrowth was suppressed in vinv mutants, which we generated by genome editing. Altogether, our results identify a branching-promoting module, and suggest that sugar-induced lateral bud outgrowth is in part promoted by the induction of CK-mediated VInv activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji Babajide Salam
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francois Barbier
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Raz Danieli
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic (L.S.)
| | - Kalaivani Aruchamy
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yula Shnaider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christine Beveridge
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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The Cysteine-Rich Peptide Snakin-2 Negatively Regulates Tubers Sprouting through Modulating Lignin Biosynthesis and H 2O 2 Accumulation in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052287. [PMID: 33669030 PMCID: PMC7956376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato tuber dormancy is critical for the post-harvest quality. Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA) family genes are involved in the plants’ defense against pathogens and in growth and development, but the effect of Snakin-2 (SN2) on tuber dormancy and sprouting is largely unknown. In this study, a transgenic approach was applied to manipulate the expression level of SN2 in tubers, and it demonstrated that StSN2 significantly controlled tuber sprouting, and silencing StSN2 resulted in a release of dormancy and overexpressing tubers showed a longer dormant period than that of the control. Further analyses revealed that the decrease expression level accelerated skin cracking and water loss. Metabolite analyses revealed that StSN2 significantly down-regulated the accumulation of lignin precursors in the periderm, and the change of lignin content was documented, a finding which was consistent with the precursors’ level. Subsequently, proteomics found that cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and peroxidase (Prx), the key proteins for lignin synthesis, were significantly up-regulated in silencing lines, and gene expression and enzyme activity analyses also supported this effect. Interestingly, we found that StSN2 physically interacts with three peroxidases catalyzing the oxidation and polymerization of lignin. In addition, SN2 altered the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that StSN2 negatively regulates lignin biosynthesis and H2O2 accumulation, and ultimately inhibits the sprouting of potato tubers.
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Tarelkina TV, Galibina NA, Moshchenskaya YL, Novitskaya LL. In Silico Analysis of Regulatory cis-Elements in the Promoters of Genes Encoding Apoplastic Invertase and Sucrose Synthase in Silver Birch. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Ru L, He Y, Zhu Z, Patrick JW, Ruan YL. Integrating Sugar Metabolism With Transport: Elevation of Endogenous Cell Wall Invertase Activity Up-Regulates SlHT2 and SlSWEET12c Expression for Early Fruit Development in Tomato. Front Genet 2020; 11:592596. [PMID: 33193736 PMCID: PMC7604364 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.592596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early fruit development is critical for determining crop yield. Cell wall invertase (CWIN) and sugar transporters both play important roles in carbon allocation and plant development. However, there is little information about the relationship between CWIN and those functionally related sugar transporters during fruit development. By using transgenic tomato with an elevated CWIN activity, we investigated how an increase in CWIN activity may regulate the expression of sugar transporter genes during fruit development. Our analyses indicate that CWIN activity may be under tight regulation by multiple regulators, including two invertase inhibitors (INVINHs) and one defective CWIN (deCWIN) in tomato ovaries prior to anthesis. Among the sugar transporters, expression of SlSWEET12c for sucrose efflux and SlHT2 for hexose uptake was enhanced by the elevated CWIN activity at 10 and 15 days after anthesis of tomato fruit development, respectively. The findings show that some specific sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) and hexose transporters (HTs) respond to elevate CWIN activity probably to promote rapid fruit expansion when sucrose efflux from phloem and hexose uptake by parenchyma cell are in high demand. The analyses provide new leads for improving crop yield by manipulating CWIN-responsive sugar transporters, together with CWIN itself, to enhance fruit development and sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ru
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong He
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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20
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Jammer A, Albacete A, Schulz B, Koch W, Weltmeier F, van der Graaff E, Pfeifhofer HW, Roitsch TG. Early-stage sugar beet taproot development is characterized by three distinct physiological phases. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00221. [PMID: 32766510 PMCID: PMC7395582 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the agronomic importance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), the early-stage development of its taproot has only been poorly investigated. Thus, the mechanisms that determine growth and sugar accumulation in sugar beet are largely unknown. In the presented study, a physiological characterization of early-stage sugar beet taproot development was conducted. Activities were analyzed for fourteen key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in developing taproots over the first 80 days after sowing. In addition, we performed in situ localizations of selected carbohydrate-metabolic enzyme activities, anatomical investigations, and quantifications of soluble carbohydrates, hexose phosphates, and phytohormones. Based on the accumulation dynamics of biomass and sucrose, as well as on anatomical parameters, the early phase of taproot development could be subdivided into three stages-prestorage, transition, secondary growth and sucrose accumulation stage-each of which was characterized by distinct metabolic and phytohormonal signatures. The enzyme activity signatures corresponding to these stages were also shown to be robustly reproducible in experiments conducted in two additional locations. The results from this physiological phenotyping approach contribute to the identification of the key regulators of sugar beet taproot development and open up new perspectives for sugar beet crop improvement concerning both physiological marker-based breeding and biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jammer
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Crop SciencesUFT TullnUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Present address:
Department of Plant Production and AgrotechnologyInstitute for Agri‐Food Research and Development of Murcia (IMIDA)MurciaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Eric van der Graaff
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesCopenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenTaastrupDenmark
- Present address:
Koppert Cress B.V.MonsterThe Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas G. Roitsch
- Department of Crop SciencesUFT TullnUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesCopenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenTaastrupDenmark
- Department of Adaptive BiotechnologiesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
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OsINV3 and Its Homolog, OsINV2, Control Grain Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062199. [PMID: 32209971 PMCID: PMC7139340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar invertase is involved in sugar metabolism and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, thus regulating seed size. However, information linking vacuolar invertase and seed size in rice is limited. Here we characterized a small grain mutant sg2 (grain size on chromosome 2) that showed a reduced in grain size and 1000-grain weight compared to the wild type. Map-based cloning and genetic complementation showed that OsINV3 is responsible for the observed phenotype. Loss-of-function of OsINV3 resulted in grains of smaller size when compared to the wild type, while overexpression showed increased grain size. We also obtained a T-DNA insertion mutant of OsINV2, which is a homolog of OsINV3 and generated double knockout (KO) mutants of OsINV2 and OsINV3 using CRISPR/Cas9. Genetic data showed that OsINV2, that has no effect on grain size by itself, reduces grain length and width in the absence of OsINV3. Altered sugar content with increased sucrose and decreased hexose levels, as well as changes vacuolar invertase activities and starch constitution in INV3KO, INV2KO, INV3KOINV2KO mutants indicate that OsINV2 and OsINV3 affect sucrose metabolism in sink organs. In summary, we identified OsINV3 as a positive regulator of grain size in rice, and while OsINV2 has no function on grain size by itself. In the absence of OsINV3, it is possible to detect a role of OsINV2 in the regulation of grain size. Both OsINV3 and OsINV2 are involved in sucrose metabolism, and thus regulate grain size. Our findings increase our understanding of the role of OsINV3 and its homolog, OsINV2, in grain size development and also suggest a potential strategy to improve grain yield in rice.
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22
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Genome-wide identification, expression, and association analysis of the monosaccharide transporter (MST) gene family in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:130. [PMID: 32154043 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported the genome-wide analysis of the whole sugar transporter gene family of a legume species, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), including the chromosome locations, gene structures, phylogeny, expression patterns, as well as comparative genomic analysis with Arabidopsis, rice, grape, and soybean. A total of 76 AhMST genes (AhMST1-76) were identified from the peanut genome and located unevenly in 20 chromosomes. Phylogeny analysis indicated that the AhMSTs can be divided into eight groups including two undefined peanut-specific groups. Transcriptional profiles revealed that many AhMST genes showed tissue-specific expression, the majority of the AhMST genes mainly expressed in sink organs and floral organ of peanut. Chromosome distribution pattern and synteny analysis strongly indicated that genome-wide segmental and tandem duplication contributed to the expansion of peanut MST genes. Four common orthologs (AhMST9, AhMST13, AhMST40, and AhMST43) between peanut and the other four species were identified by comparative genomic analysis, which might play important roles in maintaining the growth and development of plant. Furthermore, four polymorphic sites in AhMST11, AhMST13, and AhMST60 were significantly correlated with hundred pod weight (HPW) and hundred seed weight (HSW) by association analysis. In a word, these results will provide new insights for understanding the functions of AhMST family members to sugar transporting and the potential for yield improvement in peanut.
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23
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Lu MZ, Snyder R, Grant J, Tegeder M. Manipulation of sucrose phloem and embryo loading affects pea leaf metabolism, carbon and nitrogen partitioning to sinks as well as seed storage pools. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:217-236. [PMID: 31520495 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seed development largely depends on the long-distance transport of sucrose from photosynthetically active source leaves to seed sinks. This source-to-sink carbon allocation occurs in the phloem and requires the loading of sucrose into the leaf phloem and, at the sink end, its import into the growing embryo. Both tasks are achieved through the function of SUT sucrose transporters. In this study, we used vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.), harvested for human consumption as immature seeds, as our model crop and simultaneously overexpressed the endogenous SUT1 transporter in the leaf phloem and in cotyledon epidermal cells where import into the embryo occurs. Using this 'Push-and-Pull' approach, the transgenic SUT1 plants displayed increased sucrose phloem loading and carbon movement from source to sink causing higher sucrose levels in developing pea seeds. The enhanced sucrose partitioning further led to improved photosynthesis rates, increased leaf nitrogen assimilation, and enhanced source-to-sink transport of amino acids. Embryo loading with amino acids was also increased in SUT1-overexpressors resulting in higher protein levels in immature seeds. Further, transgenic plants grown until desiccation produced more seed protein and starch, as well as higher seed yields than the wild-type plants. Together, the results demonstrate that the SUT1-overexpressing plants with enhanced sucrose allocation to sinks adjust leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and amino acid partitioning in order to accommodate the increased assimilate demand of growing seeds. We further provide evidence that the combined Push-and-Pull approach for enhancing carbon transport is a successful strategy for improving seed yields and nutritional quality in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Rachel Snyder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jan Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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24
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Wang S, Pei J, Li J, Tang G, Zhao J, Peng X, Nie S, Ding Y, Wang C. Sucrose and starch metabolism during Fargesia yunnanensis shoot growth. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:188-204. [PMID: 30746708 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants in the world, but their shoot buds develop very slowly. Information about the sugar storage and metabolism during the shoot growth is lacking. In the present study, we determined the activity of sucrose and starch metabolizing enzymes during the developmental period of Fargesia yunnanensis from shoot buds to the young culms that have achieved their full height. The soluble sugars and starch contents were also determined and analyzed in shoot buds and shoots at different developmental stages. The results showed that there were higher sucrose contents in shoot buds than shoots, which coincides with the sweeter taste of shoot buds. As the shoot buds sprouted out of the ground, the starch and sucrose were depleted sharply. Coupled with this, the activity of soluble acid invertase (SAI), cell wall-bound invertase (CWI), sucrose synthase at cleavage direction (SUSYC) and starch phosphorylase (STP) increased significantly in the rapidly elongating internodes. These enzymes dominated the rapid elongation of internodes. The activities of SAI, CWI, SUSYC and STP and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase were higher as compared to other enzymes in the shoot buds, but were far lower than those in the developing shoots. The slow growth of shoot buds was correlated with the low activity of these enzymes. These results complement our understanding of the physiological differences between shoot buds and elongating shoots and ascertain the physiological mechanism for the rapid growth of bamboo shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P.R. China
| | - Jialong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P.R. China
| | - Guojian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Changming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P.R. China
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25
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Testone G, Sobolev A, Gonnella M, Renna M, Mannina L, Capitani D, Arnesi G, Biancari T, Giannino D. Insights into sucrose pathway of chicory stems by integrative transcriptomic and metabolic analyses. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 167:112086. [PMID: 31450092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide-cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) produces food and beneficial compounds, and young pre-flowering inflorescence stems are newly marketed vegetables. These sink-organs undergo growth by metabolizing sugars of leaf origin; the carbohydrate content and sweetness are crucial aspects for consumers' nutrition and acceptance. NMR profiling of 31 hydrosoluble phytochemicals showed that stem contents varied as influenced by genotype, environment and interaction, and that higher sucrose levels were associated with the sweeter of two landraces. Integrative analyses of metabolic and transcriptomic profile variations allowed the dissection of sucrose pathway. Overall, 427 and 23 unigenes respectively fell into the categories of sucrose metabolism and sugar carriers. Among 10 differentially expressed genes, the 11474/sucrose synthase, 53458/fructokinase, 9306 and 17035/hexokinases, and 20171/SWEET-type genes significantly associated to sugar content variation, and deduced proteins were characterised in silico. Correlation analyses encompassing sugar level variation, expressions of the former genes and of computationally assigned transcription factors (10938/NAC, 14712/bHLH, 40133/TALE and 17846/MIKC) revealed a gene network. The latter was minimally affected by the environment and accomplished with markers, representing a resource for biological studies and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Testone
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology - Unit of Rome, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoly Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, "Annalaura Segre" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gonnella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Renna
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Institute for Biological Systems, "Annalaura Segre" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Institute for Biological Systems, "Annalaura Segre" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arnesi
- Enza Zaden Italia, Strada Statale Aurelia km. 96.400, 01016, Tarquinia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tiziano Biancari
- Enza Zaden Italia, Strada Statale Aurelia km. 96.400, 01016, Tarquinia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Donato Giannino
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology - Unit of Rome, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Luo T, Shuai L, Liao L, Li J, Duan Z, Guo X, Xue X, Han D, Wu Z. Soluble Acid Invertases Act as Key Factors Influencing the Sucrose/Hexose Ratio and Sugar Receding in Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Pulp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:352-363. [PMID: 30541284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soluble acid invertases (SAIs) cleave sucrose into hexose in vacuoles and play important roles in influencing fruit quality. However, their potential roles in regulating sugar composition and the "sugar receding" process of longan fruits lacked systematic investigations. Our results showed that sucrose/hexose ratios and sugar receding rates of longan pulp varied among cultivars. Analysis of enzymes for sucrose synthesis and cleavage indicated that DlSAI showed the highest negative correlation with sucrose/hexose ratio at both of activity and expression level. Moreover, high SAI activity and DlSAI expression resulted in extremely low sucrose/hexose ratio in 'Luosanmu' longan from development to mature stages and a remarkable loss of sugar in 'Shixia' longan fruits during on-tree preservation. In conclusion, DlSAIs act as key factors influencing sucrose/hexose ratio and sugar receding through transcriptional and enzymatic regulations. These results might help improve the quality of on-tree preserved longan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology , Hezhou University , Hezhou 542899 , Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology , Hezhou University , Hezhou 542899 , Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology , Hezhou University , Hezhou 542899 , Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Xue
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou 510640 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
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27
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Zhang N, Shi J, Zhao H, Jiang J. Activation of small heat shock protein (SlHSP17.7) gene by cell wall invertase inhibitor (SlCIF1) gene involved in sugar metabolism in tomato. Gene 2018; 679:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Wan H, Wu L, Yang Y, Zhou G, Ruan YL. Evolution of Sucrose Metabolism: The Dichotomy of Invertases and Beyond. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:163-177. [PMID: 29183781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, invertases hydrolyze sucrose (Suc), the major end product of photosynthesis, into glucose (Glc) and fructose (Fru), which are used as nutrients, energy sources, and signaling molecules for plant growth, yield formation, and stress responses. The invertase enzymes, named CWINs, VINs, and CINs, are located in the cell wall, vacuole, and cytosol, respectively. We hypothesize, based on their distinctive subcellular locations and physiological roles, that invertases may have undergone different modes during evolution with important functional implications. Here, we provide phylogenetic and functional genomic evidence that CINs are evolutionarily and functionally more stable compared with CWINs and VINs, possibly reflecting their roles in maintaining cytosolic sugar homeostasis for cellular function, and that CWINs have coevolved with the vasculature, likely as a functional component of phloem unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wan
- Institute of Vegetables and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Limin Wu
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yuejian Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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29
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Saha I, De AK, Ghosh A, Sarkar B, Dey N, Adak MK. Preliminary Variations in Physiological Modules When <i>sub</i>1<i>A</i> QTL Is under Soil-Moisture Deficit Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2018.94058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Julius BT, Leach KA, Tran TM, Mertz RA, Braun DM. Sugar Transporters in Plants: New Insights and Discoveries. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1442-1460. [PMID: 28922744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate partitioning is the process of carbon assimilation and distribution from source tissues, such as leaves, to sink tissues, such as stems, roots and seeds. Sucrose, the primary carbohydrate transported long distance in many plant species, is loaded into the phloem and unloaded into distal sink tissues. However, many factors, both genetic and environmental, influence sucrose metabolism and transport. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of sugar transporters and sucrose metabolic enzymes is key to improving agriculture. In this review, we highlight recent findings that (i) address the path of phloem loading of sucrose in rice and maize leaves; (ii) discuss the phloem unloading pathways in stems and roots and the sugar transporters putatively involved; (iii) describe how heat and drought stress impact carbohydrate partitioning and phloem transport; (iv) shed light on how plant pathogens hijack sugar transporters to obtain carbohydrates for pathogen survival, and how the plant employs sugar transporters to defend against pathogens; and (v) discuss novel roles for sugar transporters in plant biology. These exciting discoveries and insights provide valuable knowledge that will ultimately help mitigate the impending societal challenges due to global climate change and a growing population by improving crop yield and enhancing renewable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Julius
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristen A Leach
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thu M Tran
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Plant Imaging Consortium, USA
| | - Rachel A Mertz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Plant Imaging Consortium, USA
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31
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Lucas WJ, Liu CM. The plant vascular system I: From resource allocation, inter-organ communication and defense, to evolution of the monocot cambium. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:290-291. [PMID: 28328106 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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