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Zhang T, Zhao SH, He Y. ZmTDM1 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein and is required for meiotic exit in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1517-1527. [PMID: 38047628 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Elaborate cell-cycle control must be adopted to ensure the continuity of the meiotic second division and termination after that. Despite its importance, however, the genetic controls underlying the meiotic cell cycle have not been reported in maize. Here, we characterized a meiotic cell-cycle controller ZmTDM1, which is a homolog of Arabidopsis TDM1 and encodes a canonical tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein in maize. The Zmtdm1 homozygous plants exhibited complete male sterility and severe female abortion. In Zmtdm1 mutants, cell-cycle progression was almost identical to that of wild type from leptotene to anaphase II. However, chromosomes in the tetrad failed meiotic termination at the end of the second division and underwent additional divisions in succession without DNA replication, reducing the ploidy to less than haploid in the product. In addition, two ZmTDM1-like homologs (ZmTDML1 and ZmTDML2) were not functional in meiotic cell-cycle control. Moreover, ZmTDM1 interacted with RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, revealing that it acts as a subunit of the APC/C E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Overall, our results identified a regulator of meiotic cell cycle in maize and demonstrated that ZmTDM1 is essential for meiotic exit after meiosis II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang-Hui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Duan H, Li J, Sun L, Xiong X, Xu S, Sun Y, Ju X, Xue Z, Gao J, Wang Y, Xie H, Ding D, Zhang X, Tang J. Identification of novel loci associated with starch content in maize kernels by a genome-wide association study using an enlarged SNP panel. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:91. [PMID: 38099287 PMCID: PMC10716104 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a major component of cereals, comprising over 70% of dry weight. It serves as a primary carbon source for humans and animals. In addition, starch is an indispensable industrial raw material. While maize (Zea mays) is a key crop and the primary source of starch, the genetic basis for starch content in maize kernels remains poorly understood. In this study, using an enlarged panel, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) value for starch content of 261 inbred lines across three environments. Compared with previous study, we identified 14 additional significant quantitative trait loci (QTL), encompassed a total of 42 genes, and indicated that increased marker density contributes to improved statistical power. By integrating gene expression profiling, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and haplotype analysis, several potential target genes that may play a role in regulating starch content in maize kernels have been identified. Notably, we found that ZmAPC4, associated with the significant SNP chr4.S_175584318, which encodes a WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein and is highly expressed in maize endosperm, might be a crucial regulator of maize kernel starch synthesis. Out of the 261 inbred lines analyzed, they were categorized into four haplotypes. Remarkably, it was observed that the inbred lines harboring hap4 demonstrated the highest starch content compared to the other haplotypes. Additionally, as a significant achievement, we have developed molecular markers that effectively differentiate maize inbred lines based on their starch content. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of starch content and the molecular markers can be useful in breeding programs aimed at developing maize varieties with high starch content, thereby improving breeding efficiency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01437-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Ju
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jionghao Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhucheng Mingjue Tender Company Limited, Weifang, China
| | - Huiling Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Agricultural Road No. 63, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in rose. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1604-1618. [PMID: 36372105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit complex, regulating plant development and cell cycle. In plants, the APC/C gene family has been identified in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. The APC/Cs in rose has not yet been reported. In this study, a total of 19 APC/C genes were identified in rose. Furthermore, we also investigated phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distribution, gene structure, motif analysis, promoter sequence analysis and expression pattern of RhAPC/C genes. Synteny analysis indicated that AtAPC/Cs and RhAPC/Cs show a high degree of conservation. RhAPC/C promoters contains numerous cis-elements involved in plant morphogenesis, hormone response and stress response. Based on the transcription of RhAPC/Cs in different tissues and developmental stages, it appears that RhAPC/Cs may play a variety of roles in rose growth and development. RhAPC/Cs have limitations in the time and space during which they respond to hormones and abiotic stress. RhAPC5, RhAPC11d, RhAPC13a and RhAPC13c may play a role in rose responding to abiotic stress. The expression of RhAPC10 was altered by infection with fungal pathogen. Our study will serve as a basis for determining the functional role of APC/C genes in roses and help future research on woody plants.
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Shamrov II. Endosperm Development Traits in a Comparative Analysis of Endospermogenesis and Embryogenesis in Angiosperms. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2022; 506:239-255. [PMID: 36301432 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the fertilization process, the nucleus position in the primary cell, specifics of early endosperm development, and the principles of its classification. A new, refined classification was proposed for endosperm development modes to include three hierarchic levels: types, subtypes, and variations. Two types were distinguished by the morphogenetic potentials of the micropylar and chalazal primary cells: cellular (karyokinesis is completed with cytokinesis in both cells) and helobial (only karyokinesis takes place in both cells, and the chalazal cell sometimes remains mononucleate). The nuclear endosperm was considered as a subtype of the helobial type. Subtypes were isolated by the extent to which the micropylar and chalazal cells are involved in forming the endosperm. Variations were recognized within the subtypes by the position of walls during the tetrad or triad formation in the cellular endosperm or the number of nuclei in the chalazal cell in the helobial endosperm. The types of embryogenesis are possible to compare with subtypes or even variations of the cellular endosperm type in a comparative analysis of flowering plants, and both of the traits (the contribution of micropylar and chalazal cell derivatives to the endosperm formation and the pattern of primary cell division with the form of the tetrad) should be considered together. Two subtypes and two variations are possible to consider for the helobial endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Shamrov
- Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Komarov Botanical Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Xiong F, Ren JJ, Wang YY, Zhou Z, Qi HD, Otegui MS, Wang XL. An Arabidopsis Retention and Splicing complex regulates root and embryo development through pre-mRNA splicing. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:621-639. [PMID: 35640107 PMCID: PMC9434225 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is an important step in the posttranscriptional processing of transcripts and a key regulator of development. The heterotrimeric retention and splicing (RES) complex plays vital roles in the growth and development of yeast, zebrafish, and humans by mediating pre-mRNA splicing of multiple genes. However, whether the RES complex is conserved in plants and what specific functions it has remain unknown. In this study, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BUD13 (AtBUD13), GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICING 1 (GDS1), and DAWDLE (DDL) as the counterparts of the yeast RES complex subunits Bud site selection protein 13 (Bud13), U2 snRNP component Snu17 (Snu17), and Pre-mRNA leakage protein 1, respectively. Moreover, we showed that RES is an ancient complex evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes. GDS1 directly interacts with both AtBUD13 and DDL in nuclear speckles. The BUD13 domain of AtBUD13 and the RNA recognition motif domain of GDS1 are necessary and sufficient for AtBUD13-GDS1 interaction. Mutants of AtBUD13, GDS1, and DDL failed to properly splice multiple genes involved in cell proliferation and showed defects in early embryogenesis and root development. In addition, we found that GDS1 and DDL interact, respectively, with the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins auxiliary factor AtU2AF65B and the NineTeen Complex-related splicing factor SKIP, which are essential for early steps of spliceosome assembly and recognition of splice sites. Altogether, our work reveals that the Arabidopsis RES complex is important for root and early embryo development by modulating pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yu-Yi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hao-Dong Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Cheng X, Pan M, E Z, Zhou Y, Niu B, Chen C. The maternally expressed polycomb group gene OsEMF2a is essential for endosperm cellularization and imprinting in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100092. [PMID: 33511344 PMCID: PMC7816080 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellularization is a key event in endosperm development. Polycomb group (PcG) genes, such as Fertilization-Independent Seed 2 (FIS2), are vital for the syncytium-to-cellularization transition in Arabidopsis plants. In this study, we found that OsEMF2a, a rice homolog of the Arabidopsis PcG gene Embryonic Flower2 (EMF2), plays a role similar to that of FIS2 in regard to seed development, although there is limited sequence similarity between the genes. Delayed cellularization was observed in osemf2a, associated with an unusual activation of type I MADS-box genes. The cell cycle was persistently activated in osemf2a caryopses, which was likely caused by cytokinin overproduction. However, the overaccumulation of auxin was not found to be associated with the delayed cellularization. As OsEMF2a is a maternally expressed gene in the endosperm, a paternally inherited functional allele was unable to recover the maternal defects of OsEMF2a. Many imprinted rice genes were deregulated in the defective hybrid seeds of osemf2a (♀)/9311 (♂) (m9). The paternal expression bias of some paternally expressed genes was disrupted in m9 due to either the activation of maternal alleles or the repression of paternal alleles. These findings suggest that OsEMF2a-PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 is necessary for endosperm cellularization and genomic imprinting in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meiyao Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo E
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Baixiao Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Corresponding author
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Baison J, Zhou L, Forsberg N, Mörling T, Grahn T, Olsson L, Karlsson B, Wu HX, Mellerowicz EJ, Lundqvist SO, García-Gil MR. Genetic control of tracheid properties in Norway spruce wood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18089. [PMID: 33093525 PMCID: PMC7581746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapping it is possible to establish the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. Our GWAS study presents the first such effort in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L). Karst.) for the traits related to wood tracheid characteristics. The study employed an exome capture genotyping approach that generated 178 101 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from 40 018 probes within a population of 517 Norway spruce mother trees. We applied a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) based association mapping method using a functional multi-locus mapping approach, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). The analysis has provided 30 significant associations, the majority of which show specific expression in wood-forming tissues or high ubiquitous expression, potentially controlling tracheids dimensions, their cell wall thickness and microfibril angle. Among the most promising candidates based on our results and prior information for other species are: Picea abies BIG GRAIN 2 (PabBG2) with a predicted function in auxin transport and sensitivity, and MA_373300g0010 encoding a protein similar to wall-associated receptor kinases, which were both associated with cell wall thickness. The results demonstrate feasibility of GWAS to identify novel candidate genes controlling industrially-relevant tracheid traits in Norway spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baison
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linghua Zhou
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Forsberg
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Mörling
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Grahn
- RISE Bioeconomy, Box 5604, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olsson
- RISE Bioeconomy, Box 5604, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Karlsson
- Skogforsk, Ekebo 2250, 268 90, Svalov, Sweden
| | - Harry X Wu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sven-Olof Lundqvist
- RISE Bioeconomy, Box 5604, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- IIC, Rosenlundsgatan 48B, 11863, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Rosario García-Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden.
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Li J, Ye C, Chang C. Comparative transcriptomics analysis revealing flower trichome development during flower development in two Lonicera japonica Thunb. cultivars using RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 32680457 PMCID: PMC7368687 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying, broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-virus, etc. More than 70% of anti-inflammatory and cold Chinese patent medicines contain L. japonica. Trichomes comprise specialized multicellular structures that have the capacity to synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The extraction of trichome secretions has great commercial value. However, little is known about the trichome formation mechanism in L. japonica. Therefore, the study of trichome development between different varieties provides a basis for selecting suitable planting resources. RESULTS Here, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between two L. japonica cultivars, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during flowering stage trichome development. In this study, the density and average lengths of flower trichomes were at their highest during three-green periods (S2). Using the Illumina RNA-Seq method, we obtained 134,304 unigenes, 33,733 of which were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 40 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in trichome development, 29 of these were transcription factors. The DEGs analysis of plant hormone signal transduction indicated that plant growth and development may be independent of gibberellin (GA) and cytokinine (CTK) signaling pathways, and plant stress may be independent of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. We screened several genes involved in the floral biosynthesis of odors, tastes, colors, and plant hormones, and proposed biosynthetic pathways for sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoid, and plant hormones. Furthermore, 82 DEGs were assigned to cell cycles and 2616 were predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of flower development during the seven developmental stages of L. japonica, thereby offering valuable insights into the molecular networks that underly flower development in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Chenglin Ye
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome regulates RdDM activity by degrading DMS3 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3899-3908. [PMID: 30760603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816652116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), the DDR complex, composed of DRD1, DMS3, and RDM1, is responsible for recruiting DNA polymerase V (Pol V) to silence transposable elements (TEs) in plants. However, how the DDR complex is regulated remains unexplored. Here, we show that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) regulates the assembly of the DDR complex by targeting DMS3 for degradation. We found that a substantial set of RdDM loci was commonly de-repressed in apc/c and pol v mutants, and that the defects in RdDM activity resulted from up-regulated DMS3 protein levels, which finally caused reduced Pol V recruitment. DMS3 was ubiquitinated by APC/C for degradation in a D box-dependent manner. Competitive binding assays and gel filtration analyses showed that a proper level of DMS3 is critical for the assembly of the DDR complex. Consistent with the importance of the level of DMS3, overaccumulation of DMS3 caused defective RdDM activity, phenocopying the apc/c and dms3 mutants. Moreover, DMS3 is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings provide direct evidence as to how the assembly of the DDR complex is regulated and uncover a safeguarding role of APC/C in the regulation of RdDM activity.
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