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Vasquez-Teuber P, Rouxel T, Mason AS, Soyer JL. Breeding and management of major resistance genes to stem canker/blackleg in Brassica crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:192. [PMID: 39052130 PMCID: PMC11272824 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Blackleg (also known as Phoma or stem canker) is a major, worldwide disease of Brassica crop species, notably B. napus (rapeseed, canola), caused by the ascomycete fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. The outbreak and severity of this disease depend on environmental conditions and management practices, as well as a complex interaction between the pathogen and its hosts. Genetic resistance is a major method to control the disease (and the only control method in some parts of the world, such as continental Europe), but efficient use of genetic resistance is faced with many difficulties: (i) the scarcity of germplasm/genetic resources available, (ii) the different history of use of resistance genes in different parts of the world and the different populations of the fungus the resistance genes are exposed to, (iii) the complexity of the interactions between the plant and the pathogen that expand beyond typical gene-for-gene interactions, (iv) the incredible evolutionary potential of the pathogen and the importance of knowing the molecular processes set up by the fungus to "breakdown' resistances, so that we may design high-throughput diagnostic tools for population surveys, and (v) the different strategies and options to build up the best resistances and to manage them so that they are durable. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of these different points, stressing the differences between the different continents and the current prospects to generate new and durable resistances to blackleg disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vasquez-Teuber
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thierry Rouxel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jessica L Soyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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Berindean IV, Taoutaou A, Rida S, Ona AD, Stefan MF, Costin A, Racz I, Muntean L. Modern Breeding Strategies and Tools for Durable Late Blight Resistance in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1711. [PMID: 38931143 PMCID: PMC11207681 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major crop worldwide. It occupies the second place after cereals (corn, rice, and wheat). This important crop is threatened by the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the agent of late blight disease. This pathogen was first encountered during the Irish famine during the 1840s and is a reemerging threat to potatoes. It is mainly controlled chemically by using fungicides, but due to health and environmental concerns, the best alternative is resistance. When there is no disease, no treatment is required. In this study, we present a summary of the ongoing efforts concerning resistance breeding of potato against this devastating pathogen, P. infestans. This work begins with the search for and selection of resistance genes, whether they are from within or from outside the species. The genetic methods developed to date for gene mining, such as effectoromics and GWAS, provide researchers with the ability to identify genes of interest more efficiently. Once identified, these genes are cloned using molecular markers (MAS or QRL) and can then be introduced into different cultivars using somatic hybridization or recombinant DNA technology. More innovative technologies have been developed lately, such as gene editing using the CRISPR system or gene silencing, by exploiting iRNA strategies that have emerged as promising tools for managing Phytophthora infestans, which can be employed. Also, gene pyramiding or gene stacking, which involves the accumulation of two or more R genes on the same individual plant, is an innovative method that has yielded many promising results. All these advances related to the development of molecular techniques for obtaining new potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans can contribute not only to reducing losses in agriculture but especially to ensuring food security and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Virginia Berindean
- Department of Crops Sciences: Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.V.B.)
| | - Abdelmoumen Taoutaou
- Laboratoire de Phytopathologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Département de Botanique, École Nationale, Supérieure Agronomique, Avenue Pasteur (ENSA-ES 1603), Hassan Badi, El-Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria
| | - Soumeya Rida
- Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie (SNV), Université Chadli Bendjedid, BP N°73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria
| | - Andreea Daniela Ona
- Department of Crops Sciences: Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.D.O.)
| | - Maria Floriana Stefan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet Braşov, Fundaturii Street 2, 500470 Braşov, Romania
| | - Alexandru Costin
- Department of Crops Sciences: Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.D.O.)
| | - Ionut Racz
- Department of Crops Sciences: Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.V.B.)
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Crops Sciences: Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.D.O.)
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Chen X, Liu C, Wang H, Liu Q, Yue Y, Duan Y, Wang Z, Zheng L, Chen X, Wang Y, Huang J, Xu Q, Pan Y. Ustilaginoidea virens-secreted effector Uv1809 suppresses rice immunity by enhancing OsSRT2-mediated histone deacetylation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:148-164. [PMID: 37715970 PMCID: PMC10754013 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is a devastating rice (Oryza sativa) disease worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying U. virens-rice interactions are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a secreted protein, Uv1809, as a key virulence factor. Heterologous expression of Uv1809 in rice enhanced susceptibility to rice false smut and bacterial blight. Host-induced gene silencing of Uv1809 in rice enhanced resistance to U. virens, suggesting that Uv1809 inhibits rice immunity and promotes infection by U. virens. Uv1809 suppresses rice immunity by targeting and enhancing rice histone deacetylase OsSRT2-mediated histone deacetylation, thereby reducing H4K5ac and H4K8ac levels and interfering with the transcriptional activation of defence genes. CRISPR-Cas9 edited ossrt2 mutants showed no adverse effects in terms of growth and yield but displayed broad-spectrum resistance to rice pathogens, revealing a potentially valuable genetic resource for breeding disease resistance. Our study provides insight into defence mechanisms against plant pathogens that inactivate plant immunity at the epigenetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chen Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hailin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yaping Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuhang Duan
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Junbin Huang
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiutao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuemin Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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Yang Z, Ai G, Lu X, Li Y, Miao J, Song W, Xu H, Liu J, Shen D, Dou D. Phytophthora sojae Effector PsCRN108 Targets CAMTA2 to Suppress HSP40 Expression and ROS Burst. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:15-24. [PMID: 37856777 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0058-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous crinkling and necrosis proteins (CRNs) to manipulate plant immunity and promote infection. However, the functional mechanism of CRN effectors is still poorly understood. Previous research has shown that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsCRN108 binds to the promoter of HSP90s and inhibits their expression, resulting in impaired plant immunity. In this study, we found that in addition to HSP90, PsCRN108 also suppressed other Heat Shock Protein (HSP) family genes, including HSP40. Interestingly, PsCRN108 inhibited the expression of NbHSP40 through its promoter, but did not directly bind to its promoter. Instead, PsCRN108 interacted with NbCAMTA2, a negative regulator of plant immunity. NbCAMTA2 was a negative regulator of NbHSP40 expression, and PsCRN108 could promote such inhibition activity of NbCAMTA2. Our results elucidated the multiple roles of PsCRN108 in the suppression of plant immunity and revealed a new mechanism by which the CRN effector hijacked transcription factors to affect immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinlu Miao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinding Liu
- Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Shi J, Zhang F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Ma Y. The cytochrome P450 gene, MdCYP716B1, is involved in regulating plant growth and anthracnose resistance in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111832. [PMID: 37586420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of the main cultivated fruit trees worldwide. Both biotic and abiotic stresses, especially fungal diseases, have serious effects on the growth and fruit quality of apples. Cytochrome P450, the largest protein family in plants, is critical for plant growth and stress responses. However, the function of apple P450 remains poorly understood. In our previous study, 'Hanfu' autotetraploid showed dwarfism and fungal resistance phenotypes compared to 'Hanfu' diploid. Digital gene expression sequencing analysis revealed that the transcript level of MdCYP716B1 was significantly downregulated in the autotetraploid apple cultivar 'Hanfu'. In this study, we identified and cloned the MdCYP716B1 gene from 'Hanfu' apples. The MdCYP716B1 protein fused to a green fluorescent protein was localized in the cytoplasm. We constructed the plant overexpression vector and RNAi vector of MdCYP716B1, and the apple 'GL-3' was transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to obtain transgenic plants. Overexpressing and RNAi silencing transgenic plants exhibited an increase and decrease in plant height to 'GL-3', respectively. RNAi silencing transgenic plants displayed increased resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas overexpression transgenic plants were more sensitive to C. gloeosporioides. According to transcriptome analysis, the transcript levels of gibberellin biosynthesis genes were upregulated in MdCYP716B1-overexpression plants. In contrast with 'GL-3', GA3 accumulation was rose in MdCYP716B1-OE lines and impaired in MdCYP716B1-RNAi lines. Collectively, our data indicate that MdCYP716B1 regulates plant growth and resistance to fungal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yangshu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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6
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Osuna-Caballero S, Olivoto T, Jiménez-Vaquero MA, Rubiales D, Rispail N. RGB image-based method for phenotyping rust disease progress in pea leaves using R. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:86. [PMID: 37605206 PMCID: PMC10440949 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rust is a damaging disease affecting vital crops, including pea, and identifying highly resistant genotypes remains a challenge. Accurate measurement of infection levels in large germplasm collections is crucial for finding new resistance sources. Current evaluation methods rely on visual estimation of disease severity and infection type under field or controlled conditions. While they identify some resistance sources, they are error-prone and time-consuming. An image analysis system proves useful, providing an easy-to-use and affordable way to quickly count and measure rust-induced pustules on pea samples. This study aimed to develop an automated image analysis pipeline for accurately calculating rust disease progression parameters under controlled conditions, ensuring reliable data collection. RESULTS A highly efficient and automatic image-based method for assessing rust disease in pea leaves was developed using R. The method's optimization and validation involved testing different segmentation indices and image resolutions on 600 pea leaflets with rust symptoms. The approach allows automatic estimation of parameters like pustule number, pustule size, leaf area, and percentage of pustule coverage. It reconstructs time series data for each leaf and integrates daily estimates into disease progression parameters, including latency period and area under the disease progression curve. Significant variation in disease responses was observed between genotypes using both visual ratings and image-based analysis. Among assessed segmentation indices, the Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI) proved fastest, analysing 600 leaflets at 60% resolution in 62 s with parallel processing. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between image-based and visual pustule counting showed over 0.98 accuracy at full resolution. While lower resolution slightly reduced accuracy, differences were statistically insignificant for most disease progression parameters, significantly reducing processing time and storage space. NGRDI was optimal at all time points, providing highly accurate estimations with minimal accumulated error. CONCLUSIONS A new image-based method for monitoring pea rust disease in detached leaves, using RGB spectral indices segmentation and pixel value thresholding, improves resolution and precision. It rapidly analyses hundreds of images with accuracy comparable to visual methods and higher than other image-based approaches. This method evaluates rust progression in pea, eliminating rater-induced errors from traditional methods. Implementing this approach to evaluate large germplasm collections will improve our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and aid future breeding for novel pea cultivars with increased rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Olivoto
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nicolas Rispail
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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Prakash S, Kumar M, Kumar S, Jaconis S, Parameswari E, Sharma K, Dhumal S, Senapathy M, Deshmukh VP, Dey A, Lorenzo JM, Sheri V, Zhang B. The resilient cotton plant: uncovering the effects of stresses on secondary metabolomics and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:183. [PMID: 37233833 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important fiber crop cultivated around the world under diverse climate conditions and generates billions of dollars in annual revenue globally. Biotic and abiotic stresses have caused reduction in yield and productivity of cotton crops. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed and summarized the effect of biotic and abiotic stress on secondary metabolite production in cotton. The development of cotton varieties with improved tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress can play an important role in sustainable cotton production. Under stress conditions, plants develop a variety of defense mechanisms such as initiating signaling functions to upregulate defense responsive genes and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Understanding the impact of stress on secondary metabolite production in cotton is crucial for developing strategies to alleviate the negative effects of stress on crop yield and quality. Further, the potential industrial applications of these secondary metabolites in cotton, such as gossypol, could provide new opportunities for sustainable cotton production and the development of value-added products. Additionally, transgenic and genome-edited cotton cultivars can be developed to provide tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stress in cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Prakash
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, 250110, India
| | - Susan Jaconis
- Agricultural & Environmental Research Department, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - E Parameswari
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641 003, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Vishal P Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de La Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ouren-se, Spain
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA.
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Gupta PK, Vasistha NK, Singh S, Joshi AK. Genetics and breeding for resistance against four leaf spot diseases in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1023824. [PMID: 37063191 PMCID: PMC10096043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1023824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, major yield losses are caused by a variety of diseases including rusts, spike diseases, leaf spot and root diseases. The genetics of resistance against all these diseases have been studied in great detail and utilized for breeding resistant cultivars. The resistance against leaf spot diseases caused by each individual necrotroph/hemi-biotroph involves a complex system involving resistance (R) genes, sensitivity (S) genes, small secreted protein (SSP) genes and quantitative resistance loci (QRLs). This review deals with resistance for the following four-leaf spot diseases: (i) Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) caused by Parastagonospora nodorum; (ii) Tan spot (TS) caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; (iii) Spot blotch (SB) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and (iv) Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
- Murdoch’s Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), Dev Prakash Shastri (DPS) Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Vasistha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
- Department of Genetics-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr Khem Singh Gill, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, India
| | - Sahadev Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Arun Kumar Joshi
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), Dev Prakash Shastri (DPS) Marg, New Delhi, India
- The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), Dev Prakash Shastri (DPS) Marg, New Delhi, India
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9
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Yang K, Yan Q, Wang Y, Zhu W, Wang X, Li X, Peng H, Zhou Y, Jing M, Dou D. Engineering crop Phytophthora resistance by targeting pathogen-derived PI3P for enhanced catabolism. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100460. [PMID: 36217305 PMCID: PMC10030320 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora pathogens lead to numerous economically damaging plant diseases worldwide, including potato late blight caused by P. infestans and soybean root rot caused by P. sojae. Our previous work showed that Phytophthora pathogens may generate abundant phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) to promote infection via direct association with RxLR effectors. Here, we designed a disease control strategy for metabolizing pathogen-derived PI3P by expressing secreted Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 1 (AtPIP5K1), which can phosphorylate PI3P to PI(3,4)P2. We fused AtPIP5K1 with the soybean PR1a signal peptide (SP-PIP5K1) to enable its secretion into the plant apoplast. Transgenic soybean and potato plants expressing SP-PIP5K1 showed substantially enhanced resistance to various P. sojae and P. infestans isolates, respectively. SP-PIP5K1 significantly reduced PI3P accumulation during P. sojae and soybean interaction. Knockout or inhibition of PI3 kinases (PI3Ks) in P. sojae compromised the resistance mediated by SP-PIP5K1, indicating that SP-PIP5K1 action requires a supply of pathogen-derived PI3P. Furthermore, we revealed that SP-PIP5K1 can interfere with the action of P. sojae mediated by the RxLR effector Avr1k. This novel disease control strategy has the potential to confer durable broad-spectrum Phytophthora resistance in plants through a clear mechanism in which catabolism of PI3P interferes with RxLR effector actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Daolong Dou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
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Ai G, Li T, Zhu H, Dong X, Fu X, Xia C, Pan W, Jing M, Shen D, Xia A, Tyler BM, Dou D. BPL3 binds the long non-coding RNA nalncFL7 to suppress FORKED-LIKE7 and modulate HAI1-mediated MPK3/6 dephosphorylation in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:598-616. [PMID: 36269178 PMCID: PMC9806616 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) participate in a diverse set of biological processes in plants, but their functions and underlying mechanisms in plant-pathogen interactions are largely unknown. We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana BPA1-LIKE PROTEIN3 (BPL3) belongs to a conserved plant RBP family and negatively regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death under biotic stress. In this study, we demonstrate that BPL3 suppresses FORKED-LIKE7 (FL7) transcript accumulation and raises levels of the cis-natural antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of FL7 (nalncFL7). FL7 positively regulated plant immunity to Phytophthora capsici while nalncFL7 negatively regulated resistance. We also showed that BPL3 directly binds to and stabilizes nalncFL7. Moreover, nalncFL7 suppressed accumulation of FL7 transcripts. Furthermore, FL7 interacted with HIGHLY ABA-INDUCED PP2C1 (HAI1), a type 2C protein phosphatase, and inhibited HAI1 phosphatase activity. By suppressing HAI1 activity, FL7 increased the phosphorylation levels of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MPK3) and MPK6, thus enhancing immunity responses. BPL3 and FL7 are conserved in all plant species tested, but the BPL3-nalncFL7-FL7 cascade was specific to the Brassicaceae. Thus, we identified a conserved BPL3-nalncFL7-FL7 cascade that coordinates plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianli Li
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuyan Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiye Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Li Q, Hou Z, Zhou D, Jia M, Lu S, Yu J. Antifungal Activity and Possible Mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FX2 Against the Postharvest Apple Ring Rot Pathogen. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2486-2494. [PMID: 35793153 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-22-0047-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dothidea-induced apple ring rot is one of the most serious postharvest diseases in apple production. In our preliminary work, we isolated a bacterial strain (FX2) from an infested apple orchard. Here, we confirmed the strong antifungal activity of FX2 on B. dothidea. Through phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations, we identified FX2 as a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain. We also found that 10% cell-free supernatant (CFS) of FX2 significantly affected mycelial growth and morphology and almost completely inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation in B. dothidea. Furthermore, 10% CFS damaged the cell ultrastructure, resulting in a remarkable increase in cellular leakage in B. dothidea mycelia. Thus, CFS has the potential to effectively reduce in vivo B. dothidea infection, reduced lesion diameters to 64.7% compared with the control group, and reduced disease incidence by 15%. Finally, ultrafiltration, desalting chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography showed that the antifungal constituents in CFS are composed mainly of antifungal proteins. We further characterized these potential antifungal proteins via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Herein, we provide novel insights into the antifungal mechanisms of B. amyloliquefaciens FX2, and we highlight its potential as a novel biocontrol agent for controlling postharvest apple ring rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhaoqi Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongqin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingyun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shipeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinping Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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12
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Li GB, He JX, Wu JL, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu J, Hu XH, Zhu Y, Shen S, Bai YF, Yao ZL, Liu XX, Zhao JH, Li DQ, Li Y, Huang F, Huang YY, Zhao ZX, Zhang JW, Zhou SX, Ji YP, Pu M, Qin P, Li S, Chen X, Wang J, He M, Li W, Wu XJ, Xu ZJ, Wang WM, Fan J. Overproduction of OsRACK1A, an effector-targeted scaffold protein promoting OsRBOHB-mediated ROS production, confers rice floral resistance to false smut disease without yield penalty. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1790-1806. [PMID: 36245122 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses. Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which specifically infects rice floral organs, disrupting fertilization and seed formation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U. virens-rice interaction and the genetic basis of floral resistance. Here, we report that U. virens secretes a cytoplasmic effector, UvCBP1, to facilitate infection of rice flowers. Mechanistically, UvCBP1 interacts with the rice scaffold protein OsRACK1A and competes its interaction with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase OsRBOHB, leading to inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although the analysis of natural variation revealed no OsRACK1A variants that could avoid being targeted by UvCBP1, expression levels of OsRACK1A are correlated with field resistance against U. virens in rice germplasm. Overproduction of OsRACK1A restores the OsRACK1A-OsRBOHB association and promotes OsRBOHB phosphorylation to enhance ROS production, conferring rice floral resistance to U. virens without yield penalty. Taken together, our findings reveal a new pathogenic mechanism mediated by an essential effector from a flower-specific pathogen and provide a valuable genetic resource for balancing disease resistance and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zong-Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yun-Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xian-Jun Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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13
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Chen X, Duan Y, Qiao F, Liu H, Huang J, Luo C, Chen X, Li G, Xie K, Hsiang T, Zheng L. A secreted fungal effector suppresses rice immunity through host histone hypoacetylation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1977-1994. [PMID: 35592995 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a critical epigenetic modification that regulates plant immunity. Fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection, but whether fungal pathogens have evolved effectors that directly target plant histone acetylation remains unknown. Here, we identified a secreted protein, UvSec117, from the rice false smut fungus, Ustilaginoidea virens, as a key effector that can target the rice histone deacetylase OsHDA701 and negatively regulates rice broad-spectrum resistance against rice pathogens. UvSec117 disrupts host immunity by recruiting OsHDA701 to the nucleus and enhancing OsHDA701-modulated deacetylation, thereby reducing histone H3K9 acetylation levels in rice plants and interfering with defense gene activation. Host-induced gene silencing of UvSec117 promotes rice resistance to U. virens, thus providing an alternative way for developing rice false smut-resistant plants. This is the first direct evidence demonstrating that a fungal effector targets a histone deacetylase to suppress plant immunity. Our data provided insight into a counter-defense mechanism in a plant pathogen that inactivates host defense responses at the epigenetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fugang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kabin Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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14
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Wang Y, Luo X, Zou Q. Effector-GAN: prediction of fungal effector proteins based on pretrained deep representation learning methods and generative adversarial networks. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:3541-3548. [PMID: 35640972 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Phytopathogenic fungi secrete effector proteins to subvert host defenses and facilitate infection. Systematic analysis and prediction of candidate fungal effector proteins is crucial for experimental validation and biological control of plant disease. However, two problems are still considered intractable to be solved in fungal effector prediction: one is the high-level diversity in effector sequences that increases the difficulty of protein feature learning, and the other is the class imbalance between effector and non-effector samples in the training dataset. RESULTS In our study, pretrained deep representation learning methods are presented to represent multiple characteristics of sequences for predicting fungal effectors and generative adversarial networks are adapted to create synthetic feature samples to address the data imbalance problem. Compared with the state-of-the-art fungal effector prediction methods, Effector-GAN shows an overall improvement in accuracy in the independent test set. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Effector-GAN offers a user-friendly interface to inspect potential fungal effector proteins (http://lab.malab.cn/~wys/webserver/Effector-GAN). The Python script can be downloaded from http://lab.malab.cn/~wys/gitlab/effector-gan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ximei Luo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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15
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Ma D, Wang G, Zhu J, Mu W, Dou D, Liu F. Green Leaf Volatile Trans-2-Hexenal Inhibits the Growth of Fusarium graminearum by Inducing Membrane Damage, ROS Accumulation, and Cell Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5646-5657. [PMID: 35481379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the main agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), can cause serious yield loss and secrete mycotoxins to contaminate grain. Here, the biological activity of trans-2-hexenal (T2H) against F. graminearum was determined and its mode of action (MOA) was investigated. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPR-LC-MS/MS), bioinformatic analysis, and gene knockout technique were combined to identify the binding proteins of T2H in F. graminearum cells. T2H exhibited satisfactory inhibitory activity against F. graminearum in vitro. Good lipophilicity greatly enhanced the affinity of T2H to F. graminearum mycelia and further caused membrane damage. The FgTRR (thioredoxin reductase) gene negatively regulates the sensitivity of F. graminearum to T2H by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by T2H. Two mutant strains with FgSLX1 (structure-specific endonuclease subunit) and FgCOPB (coatomer subunit β) genes knockout showed decreased sensitivity to T2H, suggesting that these two genes may be involved in the antimicrobial activity of T2H. Taken together, T2H can inhibit F. graminearum growth by multiple MOAs and can be used as a biofumigant to control the occurrence of FHB in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicheng Ma
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxian Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jiamei Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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16
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Cheng X, Dai T, Hu Z, Cui T, Wang W, Han P, Hu M, Hao J, Liu P, Liu X. Cytochrome P450 and Glutathione S-Transferase Confer Metabolic Resistance to SYP-14288 and Multi-Drug Resistance in Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:806339. [PMID: 35387083 PMCID: PMC8977892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.806339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SYP-14288 is a fungicide as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, which is effective in controlling fungal pathogens like Rhizoctonia solani. To determine whether R. solani can develop SYP-14288 resistance and possibly multi-drug resistance (MDR), an SYP-14288-resistant mutant of R. solani X19-7 was generated from wild-type strain X19, and the mechanism of resistance was studied through metabolic and genetic assays. From metabolites of R. solani treated with SYP-14288, three compounds including M1, M2, and M3 were identified according to UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and M1 accumulated faster than M2 and M3 in X19-7. When X19-7 was treated by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibitor diethyl maleate (DEM) and SYP-14288 together, or by DEM plus one of tested fungicides that have different modes of action, a synergistic activity of resistance occurred, implying that GSTs promoted metabolic resistance against SYP-14288 and therefore led to MDR. By comparing RNA sequences between X19-7 and X19, six cytochrome P450s (P450s) and two GST genes were selected as a target, which showed a higher expression in X19-7 than X19 both before and after the exposure to SYP-14288. Furthermore, heterologous expression of P450 and GST genes in yeast was conducted to confirm genes involved in metabolic resistance. In results, the P450 gene AG1IA_05136 and GST gene AG1IA_07383 were related to fungal resistance to multiple fungicides including SYP-14288, fluazinam, chlorothalonil, and difenoconazole. It was the first report that metabolic resistance of R. solani to uncouplers was associated with P450 and GST genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongshan Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Han
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maolin Hu
- Shenzhen Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Ma A, Zhang D, Wang G, Wang K, Li Z, Gao Y, Li H, Bian C, Cheng J, Han Y, Yang S, Gong Z, Qi J. Verticillium dahliae effector VDAL protects MYB6 from degradation by interacting with PUB25 and PUB26 E3 ligases to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3675-3699. [PMID: 34469582 PMCID: PMC8643689 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a severe plant disease that causes massive losses in multiple crops. Increasing the plant resistance to Verticillium wilt is a critical challenge worldwide. Here, we report that the hemibiotrophic Verticillium dahliae-secreted Asp f2-like protein VDAL causes leaf wilting when applied to cotton leaves in vitro but enhances the resistance to V. dahliae when overexpressed in Arabidopsis or cotton without affecting the plant growth and development. VDAL protein interacts with Arabidopsis E3 ligases plant U-box 25 (PUB25) and PUB26 and is ubiquitinated by PUBs in vitro. However, VDAL is not degraded by PUB25 or PUB26 in planta. Besides, the pub25 pub26 double mutant shows higher resistance to V. dahliae than the wild-type. PUBs interact with the transcription factor MYB6 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. MYB6 promotes plant resistance to Verticillium wilt while PUBs ubiquitinate MYB6 and mediate its degradation. VDAL competes with MYB6 for binding to PUBs, and the role of VDAL in increasing Verticillium wilt resistance depends on MYB6. Taken together, these results suggest that plants evolute a strategy to utilize the invaded effector protein VDAL to resist the V. dahliae infection without causing a hypersensitive response (HR); alternatively, hemibiotrophic pathogens may use some effectors to keep plant cells alive during its infection in order to take nutrients from host cells. This study provides the molecular mechanism for plants increasing disease resistance when overexpressing some effector proteins without inducing HR, and may promote searching for more genes from pathogenic fungi or bacteria to engineer plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dingpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Guangxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hengchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jinkui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Junsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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