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Fan X, Sun H. Exploring Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation methods and its applications in Lilium. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:120. [PMID: 39123215 PMCID: PMC11313100 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
As a typical bulb flower, lily is widely cultivated worldwide because of its high ornamental, medicinal and edible value. Although breeding efforts evolved over the last 10000 years, there are still many problems in the face of increasing consumer demand. The approach of biotechnological methods would help to solve this problem and incorporate traits impossible by conventional breeding. Target traits are dormancy, development, color, floral fragrance and resistances against various biotic and abiotic stresses, so as to improve the quality of bulbs and cut flowers in planting, cultivation, postharvest, plant protection and marketing. Genetic transformation technology is an important method for varietal improvement and has become the foundation and core of plant functional genomics research, greatly assisting various plant improvement programs. However, achieving stable and efficient genetic transformation of lily has been difficult worldwide. Many gene function verification studies depend on the use of model plants, which greatly limits the pace of directed breeding and germplasm improvement in lily. Although significant progress has been made in the development and optimization of genetic transformation systems, shortcomings remain. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used in lily. However, severe genotypic dependence is the main bottleneck limiting the genetic transformation of lily. This review will summarizes the research progress in the genetic transformation of lily over the past 30 years to generate the material including a section how genome engineering using stable genetic transformation system, and give an overview about recent and future applications of lily transformation. The information provided in this paper includes ideas for optimizing and improving the efficiency of existing genetic transformation methods and for innovation, provides technical support for mining and identifying regulatory genes for key traits, and lays a foundation for genetic improvement and innovative germplasm development in lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Karthik S, Chae J, Han SJ, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Chung YS, Kim HU, Heo JB. Improving the Traits of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt Using Gene Editing Technology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1466. [PMID: 38891275 PMCID: PMC11174989 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant breeding has evolved significantly over time with the development of transformation and genome editing techniques. These new strategies help to improve desirable traits in plants. Perilla is a native oil crop grown in Korea. The leaves contain many secondary metabolites related to whitening, aging, antioxidants, and immunity, including rosmarinic acid, vitamin E, luteolin, anthocyanins, and beta-carotene. They are used as healthy and functional food ingredients. It is an industrially valuable cosmetics crop. In addition, perilla seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. They are known to be effective in improving neutral lipids in the blood, improving blood circulation, and preventing dementia and cardiovascular diseases, making them excellent crops whose value can be increased through improved traits. This research will also benefit perilla seeds, which can increase their stock through various methods, such as the increased production of functional substances and improved productivity. Recently, significant attention has been paid to trait improvement research involving gene-editing technology. Among these strategies, CRISPR/Cas9 is highly adaptable, enabling accurate and efficient genome editing, targeted mutagenesis, gene knockouts, and the regulation of gene transcription. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has enormous potential for improving perilla; however, the regulation of genome editing is still at an early stage. Therefore, this review summarizes the enhancement of perilla traits using genome editing technology and outlines future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivabalan Karthik
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Jia Chae
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Seong Ju Han
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Jee Hye Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.J.H.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
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Adedeji OS, Naing AH, Kang H, Xu J, Chung MY, Kim CK. Editing of the ethylene biosynthesis gene in carnation using CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:20. [PMID: 38308305 PMCID: PMC10835871 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to edit ethylene (ET) biosynthesis genes [1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthetase 1 (ACS1) and ACC oxidase 1 (ACO1)] in carnation using the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex system. Initially, the conserved regions of the target genes (ACS1 and ACO1) were validated for the generation of different single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), followed by the use of an in vitro cleavage assay to confirm the ability of the sgRNAs to cleave the target genes specifically. The in vitro cleavage assay revealed that the sgRNAs were highly effective in cleaving their respective target regions. The complex of sgRNA: Cas9 was directly delivered into the carnation protoplast, and the target genes in the protoplast were deep-sequenced. The results revealed that the sgRNAs were applicable for editing the ET biosynthesis genes, as the mutation frequency ranged from 8.8 to 10.8% for ACO1 and 0.2-58.5% for ACS1. When sequencing the target genes in the callus derived from the protoplasts transformed with sgRNA: Cas9, different indel patterns (+ 1, - 1, and - 8 bp) in ACO1 and (- 1, + 1, and + 11) in ACS1 were identified. This study highlighted the potential application of CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex system in facilitating precise gene editing for ET biosynthesis in carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
| | - Hyunhee Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Junping Xu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Mi Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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Duan AQ, Deng YJ, Tan SS, Liu SS, Liu H, Xu ZS, Shu S, Xiong AS. DcGST1, encoding a glutathione S-transferase activated by DcMYB7, is the main contributor to anthocyanin pigmentation in purple carrot. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1069-1083. [PMID: 37947285 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The color of purple carrot taproots mainly depends on the anthocyanins sequestered in the vacuoles. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are key enzymes involved in anthocyanin transport. However, the precise mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuoles in carrots remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the carrot genome, leading to the identification of a total of 41 DcGST genes. Among these, DcGST1 emerged as a prominent candidate, displaying a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin pigmentation in carrot taproots. It was highly expressed in the purple taproot tissues of purple carrot cultivars, while it was virtually inactive in the non-purple taproot tissues of purple and non-purple carrot cultivars. DcGST1, a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA 19 (TT19), belongs to the GSTF clade and plays a crucial role in anthocyanin transport. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we successfully knocked out DcGST1 in the solid purple carrot cultivar 'Deep Purple' ('DPP'), resulting in carrots with orange taproots. Additionally, DcMYB7, an anthocyanin activator, binds to the DcGST1 promoter, activating its expression. Compared with the expression DcMYB7 alone, co-expression of DcGST1 and DcMYB7 significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation in carrot calli. However, overexpression of DcGST1 in the two purple carrot cultivars did not change the anthocyanin accumulation pattern or significantly increase the anthocyanin content. These findings improve our understanding of anthocyanin transport mechanisms in plants, providing a molecular foundation for improving and enhancing carrot germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Research Institute of Suqian, Suqian Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Research Institute of Suqian, Suqian Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
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Partap M, Verma V, Thakur M, Bhargava B. Designing of future ornamental crops: a biotechnological driven perspective. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad192. [PMID: 38023473 PMCID: PMC10681008 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
With a basis in human appreciation of beauty and aesthetic values, the new era of ornamental crops is based on implementing innovative technologies and transforming symbols into tangible assets. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have attracted considerable scientific and industrial interest, particularly in terms of modifying desired plant traits and developing future ornamental crops. By utilizing omics approaches, genomic data, genetic engineering, and gene editing tools, scientists have successively explored the underlying molecular mechanism and potential gene(s) behind trait regulation such as floral induction, plant architecture, stress resistance, plasticity, adaptation, and phytoremediation in ornamental crop species. These signs of progress lay a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and enhancing the efficiency of ornamental plants for a wide range of applications. In this review, we briefly summarized the existing literature and advances in biotechnological approaches for the improvement of vital traits in ornamental plants. The future ornamental plants, such as light-emitting plants, biotic/abiotic stress detectors, and pollution abatement, and the introduction of new ornamental varieties via domestication of wild species are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ma Z, Ma L, Zhou J. Applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in economically important fruit crops: recent advances and future directions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37789479 PMCID: PMC10515014 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops, consist of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, are the major sources of nutrients and fiber for human diet. Since 2013, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-Associated Protein) genome editing system has been widely employed in different plants, leading to unprecedented progress in the genetic improvement of many agronomically important fruit crops. Here, we summarize latest advancements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing of fruit crops, including efforts to decipher the mechanisms behind plant development and plant immunity, We also highlight the potential challenges and improvements in the application of genome editing tools to fruit crops, including optimizing the expression of CRISPR/Cas cassette, improving the delivery efficiency of CRISPR/Cas reagents, increasing the specificity of genome editing, and optimizing the transformation and regeneration system. In addition, we propose the perspectives on the application of genome editing in crop breeding especially in fruit crops and highlight the potential challenges. It is worth noting that efforts to manipulate fruit crops with genome editing systems are urgently needed for fruit crops breeding and demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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