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Chen J, Yang L, Zhang H, Ruan J, Wang Y. Role of sugars in the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:131. [PMID: 38656568 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The sugar supply in the medium affects the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. In addition, we provided the mechanism insights of this process. Dicotyledonous plants form an apical hook structure to shield their young cotyledons from mechanical damage as they emerge from the rough soil. Our findings indicate that sugar molecules, such as sucrose and glucose, are crucial for apical hook development. The presence of sucrose and glucose allows the apical hooks to be maintained for a longer period compared to those grown in sugar-free conditions, and this effect is dose-dependent. Key roles in apical hook development are played by several sugar metabolism pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. RNA-seq data revealed an up-regulation of genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism in plants grown in sugar-free conditions, while genes associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism were down-regulated. This study underscores the significant role of sugar metabolism in the apical hook development of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hehua Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Junbin Ruan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Qiao J, Quan R, Wang J, Li Y, Xiao D, Zhao Z, Huang R, Qin H. OsEIL1 and OsEIL2, two master regulators of rice ethylene signaling, promote the expression of ROS scavenging genes to facilitate coleoptile elongation and seedling emergence from soil. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100771. [PMID: 37994014 PMCID: PMC10943563 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful emergence from the soil is a prerequisite for survival of germinating seeds in their natural environment. In rice, coleoptile elongation facilitates seedling emergence and establishment, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes cell elongation and inhibits cell expansion in rice coleoptiles, resulting in longer and thinner coleoptiles that facilitate seedlings emergence from the soil. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are upregulated and genes involved in ROS scavenging are downregulated in the coleoptiles of ethylene-signaling mutants. Further investigations showed that soil coverage promotes accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) and OsEIL2 in the upper region of the coleoptile, and both OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 can bind directly to the promoters of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (VTC1) gene OsVTC1-3 and the peroxidase (PRX) genes OsPRX37, OsPRX81, OsPRX82, and OsPRX88 to activate their expression. This leads to increased ascorbic acid content, greater peroxidase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in the upper region of the coleoptile. Disruption of ROS accumulation promotes coleoptile growth and seedling emergence from soil. These findings deepen our understanding of the roles of ethylene and ROS in controlling coleoptile growth, and this information can be used by breeders to produce rice varieties suitable for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Qiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dinglin Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
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Arshad W, Steinbrecher T, Wilhelmsson PK, Fernandez-Pozo N, Pérez M, Mérai Z, Rensing SA, Chandler JO, Leubner-Metzger G. Aethionema arabicum dimorphic seed trait resetting during transition to seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358312. [PMID: 38525145 PMCID: PMC10957558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The transition from germinating seeds to emerging seedlings is one of the most vulnerable plant life cycle stages. Heteromorphic diaspores (seed and fruit dispersal units) are an adaptive bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatiotemporally variable environments. While the roles and mechanisms of seedling traits have been studied in monomorphic species, which produce one type of diaspore, very little is known about seedlings in heteromorphic species. Using the dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae), we identified contrasting mechanisms in the germination responses to different temperatures of the mucilaginous seeds (M+ seed morphs), the dispersed indehiscent fruits (IND fruit morphs), and the bare non-mucilaginous M- seeds obtained from IND fruits by pericarp (fruit coat) removal. What follows the completion of germination is the pre-emergence seedling growth phase, which we investigated by comparative growth assays of early seedlings derived from the M+ seeds, bare M- seeds, and IND fruits. The dimorphic seedlings derived from M+ and M- seeds did not differ in their responses to ambient temperature and water potential. The phenotype of seedlings derived from IND fruits differed in that they had bent hypocotyls and their shoot and root growth was slower, but the biomechanical hypocotyl properties of 15-day-old seedlings did not differ between seedlings derived from germinated M+ seeds, M- seeds, or IND fruits. Comparison of the transcriptomes of the natural dimorphic diaspores, M+ seeds and IND fruits, identified 2,682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during late germination. During the subsequent 3 days of seedling pre-emergence growth, the number of DEGs was reduced 10-fold to 277 root DEGs and 16-fold to 164 shoot DEGs. Among the DEGs in early seedlings were hormonal regulators, in particular for auxin, ethylene, and gibberellins. Furthermore, DEGs were identified for water and ion transporters, nitrate transporter and assimilation enzymes, and cell wall remodeling protein genes encoding enzymes targeting xyloglucan and pectin. We conclude that the transcriptomes of seedlings derived from the dimorphic diaspores, M+ seeds and IND fruits, undergo transcriptional resetting during the post-germination pre-emergence growth transition phase from germinated diaspores to growing seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Arshad
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department Plant Breeding and Physiology, Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Mérai
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan A. Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jake O. Chandler
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Seed Biology and Technology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
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Zhang J, Chen W, Li X, Shi H, Lv M, He L, Bai W, Cheng S, Chu J, He K, Gou X, Li J. Jasmonates regulate apical hook development by repressing brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1561-1579. [PMID: 37467431 PMCID: PMC10517256 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
An apical hook is a special structure formed during skotomorphogenesis in dicotyledonous plant species. It is critical for protecting the shoot apical meristem from mechanical damage during seed germination and hypocotyl elongation in soil. Brassinosteroid (BR) and jasmonate (JA) phytohormones antagonistically regulate apical hook formation. However, the interrelationship between BRs and JAs in this process has not been well elucidated. Here, we reveal that JAs repress BRs to regulate apical hook development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) repressed the expression of the rate-limiting BR biosynthetic gene DWARF4 (DWF4) in a process relying on 3 key JA-dependent transcription factors, MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4. We demonstrated that MYC2 interacts with the critical BR-activated transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), disrupting the association of BZR1 with its partner transcription factors, such as those of the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family and downregulating the expression of their target genes, such as WAVY ROOT GROWTH 2 (WAG2), encoding a protein kinase essential for apical hook development. Our results indicate that JAs not only repress the expression of BR biosynthetic gene DWF4 but, more importantly, attenuate BR signaling by inhibiting the transcriptional activation of BZR1 by MYC2 during apical hook development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weiyue Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongyong Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghui Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liming He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenhua Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li J, Sheng Y, Xu H, Li Q, Lin X, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Song X, Wang J. Transcriptome and hormone metabolome reveal the mechanism of stem bending in water lily ( Nymphaea tetragona) cut-flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1195389. [PMID: 37746018 PMCID: PMC10515221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1195389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Water lilies are popular ornamental cut-flowers with significant economic and cultural value. However, stem bending affects the preservation of cut-flowers during their vase life. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms of stem bending, transcriptome profiling, hormone measurement, and morphological analysis were performed using the stems of the 'Blue Bird' water lily. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 607 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the dorsal and ventral stems of the water lily, of which 247 were up-regulated and 360 were down-regulated. Significant differences in genes associated with plant hormones, calcium ions, glucose metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways genes involved in the dorsal and ventral areas of the curved stem. In particular, DEGs were associated with the hormone synthesis, gravity response, starch granules, Ca2+ ions, and photosynthesis. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with that of the transcriptome sequence analysis. A total of 12 hormones were detected, of which abscisic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-carboxaldehyde and jasmonic acid were significantly differentially expressed in the dorsal and ventral stems, and were significantly higher in the dorsal stem than in the ventral stem. The cell morphology in the dorsal and ventral areas of the curved stem clearly changed during vase life. The direction of starch granule settlement was consistent with the bending direction of the water lily stem, as well as the direction of gravity. In conclusion, stem bending in water lily cut-flowers is regulated by multiple factors and genes. This study provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the complex regulatory mechanism of water lily stem bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuhui Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
- College of Agricultural, Hengxing University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huixian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiuya Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Guo R, Wen X, Zhang W, Huang L, Peng Y, Jin L, Han H, Zhang L, Li W, Guo H. Arabidopsis EIN2 represses ABA responses during germination and early seedling growth by inactivating HLS1 protein independently of the canonical ethylene pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1514-1527. [PMID: 37269223 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathways for the phytohormones ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have antagonistic effects on seed germination and early seedling establishment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); although its biochemical function is unknown, it connects the ethylene signal with the key transcription factors EIN3 and EIN3-LIKE 1 (EIL1), leading to the transcriptional activation of ethylene-responsive genes. In this study, we uncovered an EIN3/EIL1-independent role for EIN2 in regulating the ABA response. Epistasis analysis demonstrated that this distinct role of EIN2 in the ABA response depends on HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1), the putative histone acetyltransferase acting as a positive regulator of ABA responses. Protein interaction assays supported a direct physical interaction between EIN2 and HLS1 in vitro and in vivo. Loss of EIN2 function resulted in an alteration of HLS1-mediated histone acetylation at the ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI5 loci, which promotes gene expression and the ABA response during seed germination and early seedling growth, indicating that the EIN2-HLS1 module contributes to ABA responses. Our study thus revealed that EIN2 modulates ABA responses by repressing HLS1 function, independently of the canonical ethylene pathway. These findings shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms underling the antagonistic interactions between ethylene and ABA signaling, with significant implications for our understanding of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkang Guo
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lian Jin
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huihui Han
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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