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van Uden L, Tchirikov M. A Study of the Literature on Intrauterine Treatment Options for Chronic Placental Insufficiency with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Using Intrauterine Intravascular Amino Acid Supplementation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1232. [PMID: 37374014 DOI: 10.3390/life13061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a very serious prenatal condition with 3-5% incidence of all pregnancies. It results from numerous factors, including chronic placental insufficiency. IUGR is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity and is considered a major cause of fetal mortality. Currently, treatment options are significantly limited and often result in preterm delivery. Postpartum, IUGR infants also have higher risks of disease and neurological abnormalities. METHODS The PubMed database was searched using the keywords "IUGR", "fetal growth restriction", "treatment", "management" and "placental insufficiency" for the period between 1975 and 2023. These terms were also combined together. RESULTS There were 4160 papers, reviews and articles dealing with the topic of IUGR. In total, only 15 papers directly dealt with a prepartum therapy of IUGR; 10 of these were based on an animal model. Overall, the main focus was on maternal intravenous therapy with amino acids or intraamniotic infusion. Treatment methods have been tested since the 1970s to supplement the fetuses with nutrients lacking due to chronic placental insufficiency in various ways. In some studies, pregnant women were implanted with a subcutaneous intravascular perinatal port system, thus infusing the fetuses with a continuous amino acid solution. Prolongation of pregnancy was achieved, as well as improvement in fetal growth. However, insufficient benefit was observed in infusion with commercial amino acid solution in fetuses below 28 weeks' gestation. The authors attribute this primarily to the enormous variation in amino acid concentrations of the commercially available solutions compared with those observed in the plasma of preterm infants. These different concentrations are particularly important because differences in the fetal brain caused by metabolic changes have been demonstrated in the rabbit model. Several brain metabolites and amino acids were significantly decreased in IUGR brain tissue samples, resulting in abnormal neurodevelopment with decreased brain volume. DISCUSSION There are currently only a few studies and case reports with correspondingly low case numbers. Most of the studies refer to prenatal treatment by supplementation of amino acids and nutrients to prolong pregnancy and support fetal growth. However, there is no infusion solution that matches the amino acid concentrations found in fetal plasma. The commercially available solutions have mismatched amino acid concentrations and have not shown sufficient benefit in fetuses below 28 weeks' gestation. More treatment avenues need to be explored and existing ones improved to better treat multifactorial IUGR fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa van Uden
- University Clinic of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Tchirikov
- University Clinic of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cumberland A, Hale N, Azhan A, Gilchrist CP, Chincarini G, Tolcos M. Excitatory and inhibitory neuron imbalance in the intrauterine growth restricted fetal guinea pig brain: Relevance to the developmental origins of schizophrenia and autism. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:40-53. [PMID: 36373424 PMCID: PMC10953391 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism are thought to involve an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for these disorders, with IUGR onset occurring during critical periods of neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of IUGR on excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the fetal neocortex and hippocampus. Fetal brains (n = 2) were first collected from an unoperated pregnant guinea pig at mid-gestation (32 days of gestation [dg]; term ∼67 dg) to visualize excitatory (Ctip2) and inhibitory (calretinin [CR] and somatostatin [SST]) neurons via immunohistochemistry. Chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) was then induced via radial artery ablation at 30 dg in another cohort of pregnant guinea pigs (n = 8) to generate IUGR fetuses (52 dg; n = 8); control fetuses (52 dg; n = 7) were from sham surgeries with no radial artery ablation. At 32 dg, Ctip2- and CR-immunoreactive (IR) cells had populated the cerebral cortex, whereas SST-IR cells had not, suggesting these neurons were yet to complete migration. At 52 dg, in IUGR versus control fetuses, there was a reduction in SST-IR cell density in the cerebral cortex (p = .0175) and hilus of the dentate gyrus (p = .0035) but not the striatum (p > .05). There was no difference between groups in the density of Ctip2-IR (cortex) or CR-IR (cortex, hippocampus) neurons (p > 0.05). Thus, we propose that an imbalance in inhibitory (SST-IR) and excitatory (Ctip2-IR) neurons in the IUGR fetal guinea pig brain could lead to excitatory/inhibitory dysfunction commonly seen in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cumberland
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nadia Hale
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Aminath Azhan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Courtney P. Gilchrist
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
- Victorian Infant Brain StudiesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ginevra Chincarini
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
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3
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Reduction of In Vivo Placental Amino Acid Transport Precedes the Development of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in the Non-Human Primate. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082892. [PMID: 34445051 PMCID: PMC8401823 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with reduced placental amino acid transport (AAT). However, it remains to be established if changes in AAT contribute to restricted fetal growth. We hypothesized that reduced in vivo placental AAT precedes the development of IUGR in baboons with maternal nutrient restriction (MNR). Baboons were fed either a control (ad libitum) or MNR diet (70% of control diet) from gestational day (GD) 30. At GD 140, in vivo transplacental AA transport was measured by infusing nine (13)C- or (2)H-labeled essential amino acids (EAAs) as a bolus into the maternal circulation at cesarean section. A fetal vein-to-maternal artery mole percent excess ratio for each EAA was measured. Microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) system A and system L transport activity were determined. Fetal and placental weights were not significantly different between MNR and control. In vivo, the fetal vein-to-maternal artery mole percent excess ratio was significantly decreased for tryptophan in MNR. MVM system A and system L activity was markedly reduced in MNR. Reduction of in vivo placental amino acid transport precedes fetal growth restriction in the non-human primate, suggesting that reduced placental amino acid transfer may contribute to IUGR.
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Collie J, Granela O, Brown EB, Keene AC. Aggression Is Induced by Resource Limitation in the Monarch Caterpillar. iScience 2020; 23:101791. [PMID: 33376972 PMCID: PMC7756136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food represents a limiting resource for the growth and developmental progression of many animal species. As a consequence, competition over food, space, or other resources can trigger territoriality and aggressive behavior. In the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, caterpillars feed predominantly on milkweed, raising the possibility that access to milkweed is critical for growth and survival. Here, we characterize the role of food availability on aggression in monarch caterpillars and find that monarch caterpillars display stereotyped aggressive lunges that increase during development, peaking during the fourth and fifth instar stages. The number of lunges toward a conspecific caterpillar was significantly increased under conditions of low food availability, suggesting resource defense may trigger aggression. These findings establish monarch caterpillars as a model for investigating interactions between resource availability and aggressive behavior under ecologically relevant conditions and set the stage for future investigations into the neuroethology of aggression in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Collie
- Department of Biological Sciences, and the Program in Neurogenetics, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Odelvys Granela
- Department of Biological Sciences, and the Program in Neurogenetics, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, and the Program in Neurogenetics, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Alex C. Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, and the Program in Neurogenetics, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Corresponding author
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5
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Li C, Jenkins S, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW. Effect of maternal baboon (Papio sp.) dietary mismatch in pregnancy and lactation on post-natal offspring early life phenotype. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:226-235. [PMID: 31025367 PMCID: PMC6610582 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primate models of developmental programing by maternal mismatch between pregnancy and lactation diets are needed for translation to human programing outcomes. We present baboon offspring morphometry from birth to 3 years, and blood cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from 2 to 24 months. METHODS Control mothers ate chow; mismatch mothers ate 30% less than controls during pregnancy and high-fat high-energy diet through lactation. RESULTS Mismatch mothers lost weight during pregnancy. At birth, there were trends toward lower weight in mismatch offspring of both sexes (P = 0.06). From 0-3 years, catch-up growth occurred. Mismatch offspring male and female body weight increased faster than controls (P < 0.001). Mismatch female offspring showed greater increase in BMI (P < 0.001) and abdominal circumference (P = 0.008) vs controls. ACTH and cortisol slopes from 2 to 24 months of age were similar between groups in both sexes. Cortisol and ACTH increased after weaning in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Mismatch produces sexually dimorphic post-natal growth phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Gandhi K, Montoya‐Uribe V, Martinez S, David S, Jain B, Shim G, Li C, Jenkins S, Nathanielsz P, Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch N. Ontogeny and programming of the fetal temporal cortical endocannabinoid system by moderate maternal nutrient reduction in baboons (Papio spp.). Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14024. [PMID: 30912236 PMCID: PMC6434170 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor nutrition during pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. Maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) is associated with maternal and fetal stress and a sex-dependent decrease in nonhuman primate (NHP) cognitive performance. Early life stress potentiates epileptogenesis in a sex-specific manner, and temporal lobe (TL) epilepsy is associated with neurocognitive disorders. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) demonstrates remarkable developmental changes and plays a key role in aging-related diseases (e.g., dementia). Baboons have been studied as a natural model of epilepsy and express all ECS system components. We therefore evaluated baboon fetal temporal cortex ECS ontogenic and MNR-dependent changes. At 120 days gestational age (dGA) (term 185 days), maternal, fetal, and placental morphometry were similar between control and MNR pregnancies. MNR maternal weight gain was decreased compared with controls at 165 dGA independent of fetal sex. In male fetuses, expression of ECS synthesizing and degrading enzymes was gestational age-dependent, with the exception of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). MNR had a sex-specific effect on the protein expression of CB1R during development: CB1R protein expression was decreased in fetal temporal cortex of male fetuses at 120 and 140 dGA. Our data reveal that the MNR has sex-specific effects on temporal cortical expression of the ECS in baboon offspring and shows vulnerability of ECS in male fetuses during gestation.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/genetics
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Animals
- Caloric Restriction
- Endocannabinoids/genetics
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Female
- Fetal Development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gestational Age
- Male
- Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Papio
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Temporal Lobe/growth & development
- Temporal Lobe/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Gandhi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTexas Tech University Health sciences Center at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
| | | | - Stacy Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTexas Tech University Health sciences Center at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
| | - Samuel David
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Texas at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
| | - Bobby Jain
- Department of PsychiatryTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
| | - Grace Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTexas Tech University Health sciences Center at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
| | - Cun Li
- University of WyomingLaramieWyoming
- Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas
| | - Susan Jenkins
- University of WyomingLaramieWyoming
- Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas
| | - Peter Nathanielsz
- University of WyomingLaramieWyoming
- Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas
| | - Natalia Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTexas Tech University Health sciences Center at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at the Permian BasinOdessaTexas
- Department of Neurobiology and PharmacologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTexas
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7
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Abstract
The prevalence of age-associated disease is increasing at a striking rate globally and there is evidence to suggest that the ageing process may actually begin before birth. It has been well-established that the status of both the maternal and early postnatal environments into which an individual is exposed can have huge implications for the risk of developing age-associated disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in later life. Therefore, the dissection of underlying molecular mechanisms to explain this phenomenon, known as 'developmental programming' is a highly investigated area of research. This book chapter will examine the epidemiological evidence and the animal models of suboptimal maternal and early postnatal environments and will discuss the progress being made in the development of safe and effective intervention strategies which ultimately could target those 'programmed' individuals who are known to be at-risk of age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Huber HF, Considine MM, Jenkins S, Li C, Nathanielsz PW. Reproductive cycling in adult baboons (Papio species) that were intrauterine growth restricted at birth implies normal fertility but increased psychosocial stress. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:427-429. [PMID: 29956833 PMCID: PMC6342511 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated menstrual cycles in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR, 7-10 years, n = 8) and age-matched control (n = 10) baboons. Cycle duration and plasma anti-Mullerian hormone were similar. IUGR spent more days per cycle swollen and had elevated early morning fasted serum cortisol, suggesting normal fertility in the presence of increased psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Jenkins
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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9
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Light LEO, Bartlett TQ, Poyas A, Nijland MJ, Huber HF, Li C, Keenan K, Nathanielsz PW. Maternal activity, anxiety, and protectiveness during moderate nutrient restriction in captive baboons (Papio sp.). J Med Primatol 2018; 47:10.1111/jmp.12350. [PMID: 29749628 PMCID: PMC6230519 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction (NR) would increase activity and behavioral indicators of anxiety (self-directed behaviors, SDBs) in captive baboons (Papio sp.) and result in more protective maternal styles. METHODS Our study included 19 adult female baboons. Seven females ate ad libitum (control group), and eight females ate 30% less (NR group) and were observed through pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS Control females engage in higher rates of SDB than NR females overall (P ≤ .018) and during the prenatal period (P ≤ .001) and engage in more aggressive behavior (P ≤ .033). Control females retrieved infants more than NR females during weeks 5-8 postpartum (P ≤ .019). CONCLUSIONS Lower SDB rates among prenatal NR females reduce energy expenditure and increase available resources for fetal development when nutritionally restricted. Higher infant retrieval rates by controls may indicate more infant independence rather than maternal style differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E. O. Light
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223-0001, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Thad Q. Bartlett
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Annica Poyas
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Mark J. Nijland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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10
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Huber HF, Li C, Nathanielsz PW. 2D:4D digit ratio is not a biomarker of developmental programming in baboons (Papio hamadryas species). J Med Primatol 2018; 47:78-80. [PMID: 29034475 PMCID: PMC5771970 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized second-to-fourth hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is a biomarker of developmental programming in 3 baboon groups: intrauterine growth restriction (7 females, 8 males), exposure during fetal life to synthetic glucocorticoids (4 females, 5 males), and controls (66 females, 20 males). 2D:4D was similar between sexes and groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F. Huber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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11
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Smith BL, Reyes TM. Offspring neuroimmune consequences of maternal malnutrition: Potential mechanism for behavioral impairments that underlie metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:109-122. [PMID: 28736323 PMCID: PMC8600507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition significantly increases offspring risk for both metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models of maternal malnutrition have identified behavioral changes in the adult offspring related to executive function and reward processing. Together, these changes in executive and reward-based behaviors likely contribute to the etiology of both metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with maternal malnutrition. Concomitant with the behavioral effects, maternal malnutrition alters offspring expression of reward-related molecules and inflammatory signals in brain pathways that control executive function and reward. Neuroimmune pathways and microglial interactions in these specific brain circuits, either in early development or later in adulthood, could directly contribute to the maternal malnutrition-induced behavioral phenotypes. Understanding these mechanisms will help advance treatment strategies for metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders, especially noninvasive dietary supplementation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - T M Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA.
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12
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Li C, Jenkins S, Mattern V, Comuzzie AG, Cox LA, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW. Effect of moderate, 30 percent global maternal nutrient reduction on fetal and postnatal baboon phenotype. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:293-303. [PMID: 28744866 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most developmental programming studies on maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) are in altricial rodents whose maternal nutritional burden and offspring developmental trajectory differ from precocial non-human primates and humans. METHODS Control (CTR) baboon mothers ate ad libitum; MNR mothers ate 70% global control diet in pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS We present offspring morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) during second half of gestation (G) and first three postnatal years. Moderate MNR produced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR males (n=43) and females (n=28) were smaller than CTR males (n=50) and females (n=47) in many measurements at many ages. In CTR, fetal ACTH increased 228% and cortisol 48% between 0.65G and 0.9G. IUGR ACTH was elevated at 0.65G and cortisol at 0.9G. 0.9G maternal gestational weight gain, fetal weight, and placenta weight were correlated. CONCLUSIONS Moderate IUGR decreased body weight and morphometric measurements at key time points and altered hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Vicki Mattern
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura A Cox
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Muralimanoharan S, Li C, Nakayasu ES, Casey CP, Metz TO, Nathanielsz PW, Maloyan A. Sexual dimorphism in the fetal cardiac response to maternal nutrient restriction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28641979 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); however, its effects on fetal cardiac development are unclear. We have developed a baboon model of moderate maternal undernutrition, leading to IUGR. We hypothesized that the IUGR affects fetal cardiac structure and metabolism. Six control pregnant baboons ate ad-libitum (CTRL)) or 70% CTRL from 0.16 of gestation (G). Fetuses were euthanized at C-section at 0.9G under general anesthesia. Male but not female IUGR fetuses showed left ventricular fibrosis inversely correlated with birth weight. Expression of extracellular matrix protein TSP-1 was increased (p<0.05) in male IUGR. Expression of cardiac fibrotic markers TGFβ, SMAD3 and ALK-1 were downregulated in male IUGRs with no difference in females. Autophagy was present in male IUGR evidenced by upregulation of ATG7 expression and lipidation LC3B. Global miRNA expression profiling revealed 56 annotated and novel cardiac miRNAs exclusively dysregulated in female IUGR, and 38 cardiac miRNAs were exclusively dysregulated in males (p<0.05). Fifteen (CTRL) and 23 (IUGR) miRNAs, were differentially expressed between males and females (p<0.05) suggesting sexual dimorphism, which can be at least partially explained by differential expression of upstream transcription factors (e.g. HNF4α, and NFκB p50). Lipidomics analysis of fetal cardiac tissue exhibited a net increase in diacylglycerol and plasmalogens and a decrease in triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines. In summary, IUGR resulting from decreased maternal nutrition is associated with sex-dependent dysregulations in cardiac structure, miRNA expression, and lipid metabolism. If these changes persist postnatally, they may program offspring for higher later life cardiac risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Cameron P Casey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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