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Curlin JZ, Schmitt K, Remling-Mulder L, Tibbitts CV, O’Connor S, Marx P, Akkina R. Viral evolution of SIV chimpanzee toward HIV-1 using humanized mice. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:294-297. [PMID: 37658595 PMCID: PMC10635509 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 emerged from SIVcpz evolving in humans. Humanized mice are an effective tool for assessing viral evolution via measuring viral loads, CD4+ T cell decline, and analyzing genetic changes. Four serial passages showed many non-synonymous mutations important for the adaptation and evolution of SIVcpz to human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z. Curlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- ADEAR Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Leila Remling-Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Corina Valencia Tibbitts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shelby O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Preston Marx
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Ramesh Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Curlin JZ, Schmitt K, Remling-Mulder L, Tibbitts CV, Connor SO, Marx P, Akkina R. Characterizing the phenotypic and genetic changes of pre-epidemic HIV-2 group F virus following serial passage in humanized mice. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:290-293. [PMID: 37658590 PMCID: PMC10635500 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
HIV-2 Group F virus with an origin in NHPs was isolated from only two individuals. Two serial passages in hu-mice showed increased viral loads, CD4+ T cell decline and nonsynonymous genetic changes showing its capacity for further evolution, and spread in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z. Curlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- ADEAR Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Leila Remling-Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Corina Valencia Tibbitts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shelby O’ Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Preston Marx
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States and
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Ramesh Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Schmitt K, Curlin J, Remling‐Mulder L, Morrison J, Moriarty R, Goff K, Stenglein M, O'Connor S, Marx P, Akkina R. Long-term evolutionary adaptation of SIVcpz toward HIV-1 using a humanized mouse model. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:288-291. [PMID: 36030391 PMCID: PMC9536748 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Critical genetic adaptations needed for SIV chimpanzee to evolve into HIV-1 are not well understood. Using humanized mice, we mimicked the evolution of SIVcpzLB715 into HIV-1 Group M over the course of four generations. Higher initial viral load, increased CD4+ T-cell decline, and nonsynonymous substitutions arose suggesting viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - James Curlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- ADEAR Training Program, Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Leila Remling‐Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jared Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Ryan Moriarty
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kelly Goff
- Tulane National Primate Research CenterCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Shelby O'Connor
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Preston Marx
- Tulane National Primate Research CenterCovingtonLouisianaUSA
- Department of Tropical MedicineSchool Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Ramesh Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Curlin JZ, Schmitt K, Remling‐Mulder L, Morrison J, Baczenas JJ, Tibbits CV, Goff K, O'Connor S, Stenglein M, Marx P, Akkina R. Evolution of SIVmac239 following serial passaging in humanized mice. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:284-287. [PMID: 36030392 PMCID: PMC9536747 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serial passage of SIVmac239 allows for greater understanding of the genetic changes necessary for cross-species transmission of primate lentiviruses into humans. Using humanized mice, we show that adaptive mutations continue to accumulate in SIVmac239 during four serial passages, with persistent CD4+ T cell decline and increases in plasma viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z. Curlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- ADEAR Training Program, Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Leila Remling‐Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jared Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corina Valencia Tibbits
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kelly Goff
- Department of Tropical MedicineSchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Shelby O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Preston Marx
- Department of Tropical MedicineSchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane National Primate Research CenterCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Ramesh Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Curlin JZ, Schmitt K, Remling-Mulder L, Moriarty R, Baczenas JJ, Goff K, O’Connor S, Stenglein M, Marx PA, Akkina R. In vivo infection dynamics and human adaptive changes of SIVsm-derived viral siblings SIVmac239, SIV B670 and SIVhu in humanized mice as a paralog of HIV-2 genesis. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 1:813606. [PMID: 37168442 PMCID: PMC10168645 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.813606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus native to sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) is believed to have given rise to HIV-2 through cross-species transmission and evolution in the human. SIVmac239 and SIVB670, pathogenic to macaques, and SIVhu, isolated from an accidental human infection, also have origins in SIVsm. With their common ancestral lineage as that of HIV-2 from the progenitor SIVsm, but with different passage history in different hosts, they provide a unique opportunity to evaluate cross-species transmission to a new host and their adaptation/evolution both in terms of potential genetic and phenotypic changes. Using humanized mice with a transplanted human system, we evaluated in vivo replication kinetics, CD4+ T cell dynamics and genetic adaptive changes during serial passage with a goal to understand their evolution under human selective immune pressure. All the three viruses readily infected hu-mice causing chronic viremia. While SIVmac and SIVB670 caused CD4+ T cell depletion during sequential passaging, SIVhu with a deletion in nef gene was found to be less pathogenic. Deep sequencing of the genomes of these viruses isolated at different times revealed numerous adaptive mutations of significance that increased in frequency during sequential passages. The ability of these viruses to infect and replicate in humanized mice provides a new small animal model to study SIVs in vivo in addition to more expensive macaques. Since SIVmac and related viruses have been indispensable in many areas of HIV pathogenesis, therapeutics and cure research, availability of this small animal hu-mouse model that is susceptible to both SIV and HIV viruses is likely to open novel avenues of investigation for comparative studies using the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z. Curlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Antiviral Discovery, Evaluation and Application Research (ADEAR) Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Leila Remling-Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ryan Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly Goff
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shelby O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Preston A. Marx
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Ramesh Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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