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Marian L, Withoeft JA, Fornara MA, Pandolfo GW, D'ambroso Fernandes F, Vogel FSF, Zapala MP, Casagrande RA. Toxoplasmosis outbreak caused by north American genotypes in captive black-tufted marmosets in southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 47:100960. [PMID: 38199681 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we describe an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in an enclosure of five Callithrix penicillata in Southern Brazil. The marmosets were found dead and submitted to necropsy and histopathology. Liver, spleen, and lungs were frozen and sent for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested-PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii. Necropsy revealed a liver with a lobular pattern, along with diffusely congested lungs, spleen, and kidneys, and hemorrhage in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Mild-to-moderate, multifocal, necrotic hepatitis and splenitis, multifocal lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis, and moderate, diffuse necrohemorrhagic lymphadenitis were observed. T. gondii tachyzoites were in all the organs mentioned. The detected strains were closely related with the isolates TgWtdUs10, TgSoUs39, and TgShUs2, which were originally found in non-primate species all in the United States of America. This is an unprecedented report of North American strains causing mortality in captive individuals of the species Callithrix penicillata in the Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Marian
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aline Withoeft
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Augusta Fornara
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Willian Pandolfo
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Milene Pugliese Zapala
- Médica Veterinária, Prefeitura de Brusque, Praça das Bandeiras, 77, Centro 1, Brusque, Santa Catarina 88350-051, Brazil
| | - Renata Assis Casagrande
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina 88520-000, Brazil.
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Schiffler FB, Pereira AHB, Moreira SB, Arruda IF, Moreira FRR, D’arc M, Claro IM, Pissinatti TDA, Cavalcante LTDF, Miranda TDS, Cosentino MAC, de Oliveira RC, Fernandes J, Assis MRDS, de Oliveira JG, da Silva TAC, Galliez RM, Faffe DS, de Jesus JG, Sobreira Bezerra da Silva M, Bezerra MF, Ferreira Junior ODC, Tanuri A, Castiñeiras TM, Aguiar RS, Faria NR, de Almeida AP, Pissinatti A, Sabino EC, Amendoeira MRR, de Lemos ERS, Ubiali DG, Santos AFA. Lessons from a Multilaboratorial Task Force for Diagnosis of a Fatal Toxoplasmosis Outbreak in Captive Primates in Brazil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38138032 PMCID: PMC10745312 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and is especially fatal for neotropical primates. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health is responsible for national epizootic surveillance, but some diseases are still neglected. Here, we present an integrated investigation of an outbreak that occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among eleven neotropical primates housed at a primatology center in Brazil. After presenting non-specific clinical signs, all animals died within four days. A wide range of pathogens were evaluated, and we successfully identified T. gondii as the causative agent within four days after necropsies. The liver was the most affected organ, presenting hemorrhage and hepatocellular necrosis. Tachyzoites and bradyzoite cysts were observed in histological examinations and immunohistochemistry in different organs; in addition, parasitic DNA was detected through PCR in blood samples from all specimens evaluated. A high prevalence of Escherichia coli was also observed, indicating sepsis. This case highlights some of the obstacles faced by the current Brazilian surveillance system. A diagnosis was obtained through the integrated action of researchers since investigation for toxoplasmosis is currently absent in national guidelines. An interdisciplinary investigation could be a possible model for future epizootic investigations in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Bittencourt Schiffler
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica (SAP), Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.H.B.P.); (D.G.U.)
| | - Silvia Bahadian Moreira
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim 25940-000, RJ, Brazil; (S.B.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Igor Falco Arruda
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses (LabTOXO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (I.F.A.); (M.R.R.A.)
| | - Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (F.R.R.M.); (I.M.C.); (N.R.F.)
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular (LVM), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (O.d.C.F.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Mirela D’arc
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (F.R.R.M.); (I.M.C.); (N.R.F.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Thalita de Abreu Pissinatti
- Serviço de Criação de Primatas Não Humanos (SCPrim), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Liliane Tavares de Faria Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Thamiris dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Matheus Augusto Calvano Cosentino
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Matheus Ribeiro da Silva Assis
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Jonathan Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Thayssa Alves Coelho da Silva
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Rafael Mello Galliez
- Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes e Reemergentes (NEEDIER), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (D.S.F.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Debora Souza Faffe
- Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes e Reemergentes (NEEDIER), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (D.S.F.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Marise Sobreira Bezerra da Silva
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Peste, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (M.S.B.d.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.P.d.A.)
| | - Matheus Filgueira Bezerra
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Peste, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (M.S.B.d.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.P.d.A.)
| | - Orlando da Costa Ferreira Junior
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular (LVM), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (O.d.C.F.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular (LVM), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (O.d.C.F.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Terezinha Marta Castiñeiras
- Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes e Reemergentes (NEEDIER), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (D.S.F.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
- Instituto D’OR de Pesquisa e Ensino (ID’or), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nuno Rodrigues Faria
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (F.R.R.M.); (I.M.C.); (N.R.F.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Alzira Paiva de Almeida
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Peste, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (M.S.B.d.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.P.d.A.)
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim 25940-000, RJ, Brazil; (S.B.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses (LabTOXO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (I.F.A.); (M.R.R.A.)
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Daniel Guimarães Ubiali
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica (SAP), Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.H.B.P.); (D.G.U.)
| | - André F. A. Santos
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
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Sousa DER, Wilson TM, Macêdo IL, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Passos PHO, Costa GRT, Fonseca VS, Mares-Guia MAMM, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, de Filippis AMB, Paludo GR, Melo CB, Castro MB. Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236384. [PMID: 37670831 PMCID: PMC10475956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-ranging non-human primates (NHP) can live in anthropized areas or urban environments in close contact with human populations. This condition can enable the emergence and transmission of high-impact zoonotic pathogens. For the first time, we detected a coinfection of the yellow fever (YF) virus with Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging NHP in a highly urbanized area of a metropolis in Brazil. Specifically, we observed this coinfection in a black-tufted marmoset found dead and taken for a necropsy by the local health surveillance service. After conducting an epidemiological investigation, characterizing the pathological features, and performing molecular assays, we confirmed that the marmoset developed an acute fatal infection caused by T. gondii in coinfection with a new YF virus South American-1 sub-lineage. As a result, we have raised concerns about the public health implications of these findings and discussed the importance of diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic agents in urbanized NHPs. As competent hosts of zoonotic diseases such as YF and environmental sentinels for toxoplasmosis, NHPs play a crucial role in the One Health framework to predict and prevent the emergence of dangerous human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi E. R. Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tais M. Wilson
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabel L. Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessandro P. M. Romano
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Ramos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. O. Passos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R. T. Costa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Environmental Health Surveillance Directorate of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vagner S. Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria B. de Filippis
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giane R. Paludo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B. Melo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Márcio B. Castro
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Reis Amendoeira MR, Arruda IF, Moreira SB, Ubiali DG, da Silva Barbosa A, Jesus Pena HF, Barbosa Pereira AH, Nascimento da Silveira C, Bonifácio TF, Clemes YS, de Abreu Pissinatti T, Andrade dos Santos AF, Pissinatti A. Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from a captive black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya Humboldt, 1812) in Brazil. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 19:187-190. [PMID: 36204655 PMCID: PMC9530404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii was isolated in mice from different tissues of a captive black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) kept in a colony at the Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and it was genotypically characterized based on using PCR-RFLP and Microsatellite Analysis (MS), later on. T. gondii was successfully isolated from inocula deriving from heart, liver and tissue pool (heart, liver, lungs, axillary lymph nodes and cerebellum) samples. The isolate was named TgBgHmBrRJ1. The high virulence of the aforementioned strain was observed in infected mice. Non-archetypal genotype (ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #206) was obtained through PCR-RFLP. This genotype had been previously described in 12 isolates from different hosts, also in Southeastern Brazil, a fact that indicates likely high circulation of this genotype in this region. The isolate was also classified as non-archetypal, based on MS genotyping, as well as presented genotypic identity close to that of strains isolated from free-range non-symptomatic chickens (TgCkBr244,245,278,279) in Espírito Santo State. It is worth emphasizing that despite the large number of reports about clinical toxoplasmosis in neotropical primates in Brazil, this is just the second isolate of this parasite ever reported in this group of animals. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated in a murine model from Alouatta caraya in captivity. An intermediate virulence of the isolated in the infected murine model was verified. A non-archetypal genotype (ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #206) was obtained by PCR-RFLP. This is the second isolation of T. gondii from a non-human primate in Brazil. For the first time, this genotype was associated with clinical disease in a host.
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Rodrigues Oliveira A, Ritter JM, Oliveira dos Santos D, Pizzolato de Lucena F, Aquino de Mattos S, Parente de Carvalho T, Bullock H, Giannini Alves Moreira L, Magalhães Arthuso Vasconcelos I, Barroso Costa F, Alves da Paixão T, Santos RL. Pathology and epidemiology of fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging marmosets (Callithrix spp.) from the Brazilian atlantic forest. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010782. [PMID: 36108088 PMCID: PMC9514648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of warm-blooded host species. Neotropical primates (New World Primates; NWP) are highly susceptible, developing a lethal acute systemic disease. Toxoplasmosis in free-ranging NWP is poorly described, with only a few studies based on serosurveys. Herein we performed a retrospective study focusing on the epidemiology and pathology of toxoplasmosis among 1,001 free-ranging marmoset (Callithrix spp.) deaths from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study included marmosets necropsied at the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman (IJV) from January 2017 to July 2019, which were found dead from all regions in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to better characterize toxoplasmosis in this free-ranging population. All samples were also tested for Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) RT-qPCR by the official diagnostic service. A total of 1,001 free-ranging marmosets were included in this study, with 16 (1.6%) cases of lethal Toxoplasma gondii infections identified both as individual cases and in outbreaks. Presence of infection was not associated with sex, age, geographical distribution, or year of death, and no co-infection with YFV was observed. The main pathological feature in these cases was random necrotizing hepatitis with detection of intralesional T. gondii zoites in all infected cases. Interstitial pneumonia rich in alveolar foamy macrophages and fibrin deposition, necrotizing myocarditis and necrotizing splenitis were also pathological features in affected marmosets. Therefore, toxoplasmosis was considered the cause of death in 1.6% of free-ranging marmosets in this retrospective series, including some cases associated with outbreaks. Necrotizing random hepatitis was a consistent pathological finding in affected cases and sampling of liver should be ensured from Callitrichid post mortem cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayisa Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jana M. Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Oliveira dos Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pizzolato de Lucena
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaistman, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Aquino de Mattos
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaistman, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Parente de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hannah Bullock
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Synergy America Inc., Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larissa Giannini Alves Moreira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Barroso Costa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves da Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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6
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Moreira SB, Pereira AHB, Pissinatti TDA, Arruda IF, de Azevedo RRM, Schiffler FB, Amendoeira MRR, Dos Santos AFA, Pissinatti A, Ubiali DG. Subacute multisystemic toxoplasmosis in a captive black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) indicates therapy challenging. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:392-395. [PMID: 35670089 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old black howler monkey presented with a 36-day subacute clinicopathological picture of fever, prostration, inappetence, intestinal hypomotility, and emaciation. Therapy was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with streptomycin. The liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen presented lesions. Toxoplasma gondii isolation and PCR determined the diagnosis, and indirect fluorescent antibody tests confirmed an increase in antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Thalita de Abreu Pissinatti
- Primatology Sector (SCPrim), Institute of Science and Technology in Biomodels (ICTB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Falco Arruda
- Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoan Diseases Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Bittencourt Schiffler
- Laboratory of Viral Diversity and Diseases, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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- Rio de Janeiro Primatology Center (CPRJ/INEA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - André Felipe Andrade Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Viral Diversity and Diseases, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Guimarães Ubiali
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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7
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Cândido SL, Fonseca MJDOR, Pacheco RDC, Campos CGD, Morgado TO, Colodel EM, Nakazato L, Dutra V. Molecular detection of
Toxoplasma gondii
and
Neospora caninum
in neotropical primates. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:149-154. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéfhano Luís Cândido
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Molecular Biology Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Maria Julia de Oliveira Rosa Fonseca
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Richard de Campos Pacheco
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of Domestic and Wild Animals Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Camila Gonçalves de Campos
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Thais Oliveira Morgado
- Wild Animals Sector Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Molecular Biology Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Molecular Biology Veterinary Hospital – HOVET Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – FAVET Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT Cuiabá Brazil
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8
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Rondón S, Cavallero S, Renzi E, Link A, González C, D’Amelio S. Parasites of Free-Ranging and Captive American Primates: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2546. [PMID: 34946149 PMCID: PMC8706906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity, spread, and evolution of parasites in non-human primates (NHPs) is a relevant issue for human public health as well as for NHPs conservation. Although previous reviews have recorded information on parasites in NHPs (Platyrrhines) in the Americas, the increasing number of recent studies has made these inventories far from complete. Here, we summarize information about parasites recently reported in Platyrrhines, attempting to build on earlier reviews and identify information gaps. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ninety-three studies were included after the screening process. Records for 20 genera of NHPs, including 90 species were found. Most of the studies were conducted on captive individuals (54.1%), and morphological approaches were the most used for parasite identification. The most commonly collected biological samples were blood and stool, and Protozoa was the most frequent parasite group found. There is still scarce (if any) information on the parasites associated to several Platyrrhine species, especially for free-ranging populations. The use of molecular identification methods can provide important contributions to the field of NHPs parasitology in the near future. Finally, the identification of parasites in NHPs populations will continue to provide relevant information in the context of pervasive habitat loss and fragmentation that should influence both human public health and wildlife conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rondón
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Serena Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Erika Renzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Andrés Link
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18a-12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, CIMPAT, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18a-12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Stefano D’Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.R.); (S.D.)
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