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Cohen S, Wainstock T, Sheiner E, Reuveni I, Pariente G. The association between emotion regulation and pain during the immediate postpartum period. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:1081-1088. [PMID: 37804324 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate the association between emotion regulation difficulties and pain perception during the immediate postpartum period. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in women during the immediate postpartum period. Women completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) questionnaire to measure difficulties in emotion regulation. A second analysis was conducted for the six subdomains of the DERS questionnaire. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain intensity. The association between DERS scores and VAS score was assessed. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to control for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 150 women were included in the final analysis, of whom 112 (74.6%) delivered vaginally and 38 (25.4%) had a cesarean delivery. Higher DERS scores, indicating more difficulties in emotion regulation, were significantly associated with higher VAS scores regardless of mode of delivery. Likewise, higher emotion regulation scores in 5 of 6 subdomains were associated with higher VAS scores (p < 0.001). Using multivariate logistic regression models higher DERS scores were independently associated with higher VAS scores. CONCLUSION Difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with higher pain perception during the immediate postpartum period. Interventions designed to improve emotion regulation may improve maternal well-being in the immediate postpartum period and possibly reduce use of pain medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilo Cohen
- Joyce and Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B 151, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gali Pariente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Li M, Li D, Bu J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang H, Wu L, Song K, Liu T. Examining the factors influencing postpartum musculoskeletal pain: a thorough analysis of risk factors and pain assessment indices. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:517-524. [PMID: 38038760 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-08008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders after childbirth are common, but current studies often have a narrow focus, concentrating on particular areas and neglecting a thorough evaluation of pain locations and overall severity. This research aimed to determine the occurrence, spread, severity, and root causes of musculoskeletal discomfort in females during the 6-8 week period after giving birth, focusing on investigating the link between pain and posture. METHODS This study collected data from 432 postpartum women, 6-8 weeks post-delivery, focusing on ten posture angles captured photographically and analysed using Exbody software. Participants also filled out structured questionnaires on pregnancy history, the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) scores, physical activity patterns, and involvement in household and neonatal care tasks. RESULTS In our research, 49.8% of the respondents experienced pain after childbirth in different regions of their bodies. Utilising SF-MPQ, the mean Pain Rating Index was 7.35 (SD = 5.93) and Present Pain Intensity and Visual Analog Scale was 3.13 (SD = 2.09). Among the evaluated postural angles, only the Q-angle exhibited a noteworthy correlation with knee discomfort. Individuals with less involvement in household and newborn care tasks had a significantly lower occurrence of postpartum pain, with a decrease of 76% (OR = 0.243, p = 0.001). Similarly, those who shared these responsibilities had a 53% decreased likelihood (OR = 0.468, p = 0.008) of experiencing postpartum pain. CONCLUSION Many postpartum women experience moderate-intensity pain in various body regions. Pain's correlation with posture was limited. Reducing physical strain during infant care notably decreased postpartum pain, underscoring the need for holistic support for postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Song
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neuro-Informatics and Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Augustino J, Moshi F, Joho A, Faustine J, Mageda K. Dataset comparing the effectiveness of perineal cold pack application over oral paracetamol 1000mg on postpartum perineal pain among women after spontaneous vaginal delivery in Dodoma region. Data Brief 2023; 51:109766. [PMID: 38053594 PMCID: PMC10694064 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The data were collected from the Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital randomized clinical trial among postnatal women. The raw and analyzed data includes 228 postnatal women with the following information: age(years), marital status, education level, occupation, religion, residence, and income. It also includes the number of Antenatal Visits, perineal condition, birth weight of the newborn, and the magnitude of perineal pain at the start(time=zero), at 20,40 and 60 minutes. The participants were randomly allocated to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group received the cold pack, while the control group received the Paracetamol 1000mg start. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and then analyzed using Stata™ software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, US) version 14 and IBM SPSS statistics 25. The outcome was pain intensity measured using a pain rating scale at the interval of 20 minutes up to 60 minutes. The intervention's effect was estimated using an analysis of variance(repeated measure ANOVA). Omega square test was used to establish the effect size. These data will help nurse midwives in health facilities analyze data and demonstrate the effectiveness of cold packs in relieving pain instead of oral paracetamol, hence increasing scaling up its utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Augustino
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, PO Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Fabiola Moshi
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, PO Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Angelina Joho
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, PO Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Joanes Faustine
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, PO Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Kihulya Mageda
- President's Office, Regional Administrative Secretary and Local Government (PORALG)
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Kwon NY, Lee HY, Hwang SI, Sung SH, Cho SJ, Yoon YJ, Park JK. Herbal Medicine for Postpartum Pain: A Systematic Review of Puerperal Wind Syndrome (Sanhupung). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2743. [PMID: 37893817 PMCID: PMC10606538 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mothers in the postpartum period often experience musculoskeletal disorders and pain, impacting their ability to care for themselves and their infants. Conventional treatments have limitations, prompting interest in alternative options like herbal medicine. This systematic review aimed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine treatment to improve maternal health in patients with postpartum pain (puerperal wind syndrome). We searched eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of herbal medicines on puerperal wind syndrome. Nine RCTs, including 652 patients, were selected. Following a meta-analysis of RCTs, both herbal medicine and combination treatments improved the visual analog scale scores, total effective rate, scores of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes, Oswestry Disability Index, and quality of life in patients with role-emotional puerperal wind syndrome. All adverse events were minor, and the incidence rate was not high compared with that of the control group. In conclusion, herbal medicine supports the improvement in pain, other systemic symptoms, and the quality of life of patients with puerperal wind syndrome. Moreover, no serious side effects were observed; therefore, herbal medicines appear to be safe. It can be the preferred treatment option for puerperal wind syndrome, which is currently managed symptomatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yoen Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Ga-Chon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-In Hwang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Hyun Sung
- Department of Policy Development, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Jin Cho
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Jin Yoon
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jang-Kyung Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea;
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Siereńska J, Sotomska Z, Madej-Łukasiak D, Wąż P, Grzybowska ME. The Use of Capacitive and Resistive Energy Transfer in Postpartum Pain Management in Women after Perineal Trauma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6077. [PMID: 37763017 PMCID: PMC10532265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineal pain occurs in 97% of women with episiotomy or first- and second-degree perineal tears on the first day after delivery. The study aimed to assess the impact of capacitive and resistive energy transfer (TECAR) on perineal pain and discomfort in the first two postpartum days. The prospective randomized double-blind study was performed with the pain and discomfort assessment using the Visual Analogue Scale at baseline and after both TECAR interventions. Characteristics data, delivery information, and the number of painkillers taken were collected. The assumed significance level was α < 0.05. The study included 121 women with a mean age of 30.7 ± 4.2 years and a median BMI of 26.1 kg/m2 (24.1; 28.9). Pain reduction at rest, when walking, and discomfort reduction when walking were significantly higher in the TECAR group compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). After the first TECAR intervention, significant reduction in all measured parameters was observed in the study group (p < 0.03), whereas in the control group, it was observed in pain and discomfort while sitting (p < 0.04). The amount of ibuprofen taken on the second day was significantly reduced in the study group compared to the first day (p = 0.004). TECAR has been shown to provide more immediate and significant reduction in perineal pain and discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siereńska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Zofia Sotomska
- Independent Team of Physiotherapists, University Clinical Center, Al. Zwycięstwa 30, 80-219 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Dorota Madej-Łukasiak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinical Center, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wąż
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Zheng K, Chen B, Sun J. Nalbuphine May Be Superior to Sufentanil in Relieving Postcesarean Uterine Contraction Pain in Multiparas: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1405-1415. [PMID: 37188281 PMCID: PMC10178296 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s394664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postcesarean pain remains a major complaint from puerperium women who have undergone cesarean section, especially uterine contraction induced visceral pain. The optimal opioid for pain relief after cesarean section (CS) is still unclear. The goal of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of Nalbuphine to Sufentanil in patients who underwent CS. Patients and Methods In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we included patients who received Nalbuphine or Sufentanil Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA) after CS between 1 January 2018 and 30 November 2020. Data on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at uterine contraction, at rest, and at movement, analgesic consumption, and side effects were collected. We performed logistic regression to identify predictors of severe uterine contraction pain. Results A total of 674 patients were identified in the unmatched cohort, and 612 patients in the matched one. Compared to the Sufentanil group, lower VAS-contraction was recorded in the Nalbuphine group in both the unmatched and matched cohorts, the mean difference (MD) on POD1 was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.54, p<0.001) and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.47, p<0.001), respectively, and the MD of POD2 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.40, P=0.019) and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.41, P=0.026), respectively. On POD1 but not POD2, VAS-movement was lower in the Nalbuphine group as compared to the Sufentanil group. No difference was found between VAS-rest on POD1 and POD2 in both unmatched and matched cohorts. Less analgesic consumption, and side effects were recorded in the Nalbuphine group. Logistic regression indicated that multipara and analgesic consumption were risk factors for severe uterine contraction pain. In subgroup analysis, VAS-contraction was meaningfully reduced in the Nalbuphine group compared with the Sufentanil group in multipara patients, but not primiparas. Conclusion Compared to Sufentanil, Nalbuphine may provide better analgesia on uterine contraction pain. The superior analgesia may only exhibit in multiparas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Pukou District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Pukou District of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Sun, Department of Anesthesiology, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 25 83262523, Fax +86 25 83262526, Email
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Segal R, Levin I, Many A, Michaan N, Laskov I, Amikam U, Yogev Y, Cohen A. Laparoscopic management of suspected postpartum uterine rupture: a novel approach. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9362-9367. [PMID: 35105254 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2033721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploratory laparotomy is considered the gold standard treatment for women with suspected uterine rupture. We aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy as an alternative for laparotomy for the management of hemodynamically stable women with suspected postpartum uterine rupture. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a case series study including all women who were diagnosed with postpartum uterine rupture following vaginal delivery in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital, between November 2012 and July 2021. Until 2016, all women with suspected post-partum uterine rupture underwent laparotomy. Following 2016, a new tailored protocol based on laparoscopy for the management of postpartum uterine rupture in hemodynamically stable women was implemented. A comparison was made between women who underwent emergent laparoscopy to laparotomy. RESULTS During the study period 17 women were diagnosed with postpartum uterine rupture. From January 2012 to January 2016, four cases of uterine rupture were diagnosed, all of whom underwent laparotomy. Since 2016, thirteen cases of uterine rupture were diagnosed, of whom seven women (54%) underwent laparoscopy and 6 (46%) laparotomy. The median time interval from delivery to surgery was 70.5 min IQR (40-179) in the laparotomy group and 202 min IQR (70-485) in the laparoscopy group. The median operative time for laparoscopic surgery was 80 min (IQR 60-114) and 78 min (IQR 58-114) for the laparotomy group. Four women who underwent laparotomy (40%) and one who underwent laparoscopy (14.2%) were admitted to the intensive care unit following surgery. Blood products transfusion was required in six women who had laparotomy (60%) and one who had laparoscopy (14.2%). Median hospitalization period was 5 d IQR (4-5) in the laparotomy group as compared to 3 d IQR (3-4) in the laparoscopy group. There were no conversions to laparotomy in the laparoscopy group. CONCLUSIONS In hemodynamic stable women laparoscopic surgery for suspected postpartum uterine rupture is feasible and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Segal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ishai Levin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Many
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Michaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Laskov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Amikam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yariv Yogev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviad Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Sharifi N, Bahri N, Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Azizi H, Nezami H, Tohidinik HR. A randomized clinical trial on the effect of foot reflexology performed in the fourth stage of labor on uterine afterpain. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:57. [PMID: 35062899 PMCID: PMC8783404 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine afterpains are among the most prevalent complaints after natural vaginal delivery. Non-pharmacological treatment modalities to relieve afterpains are an important care priority. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of foot reflexology in the fourth stage of labor on afterpains in multiparous women. Methods This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial recruited 80 eligible pregnant women presenting to Allameh Bohlool Hospital in Gonabad and 17-Shahrivar Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, in 2019. In the first and second hours postpartum, the reflexology group received 10 min of general massage and specific reflexology massage on each foot on the uterine, pituitary, and solar plexus points. The control group received 10 min of general massage, and then rotational massage on a neutral point on the lateral side of the heel. The pain was measured every hour up to 4 h postpartum using a visual analogue scale. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS-16 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results The median of the afterpain score in the first hour (P = 0.05) and second hour (P = 0.274) postpartum did not differ significantly between the two groups, but this score was lower in the reflexology group at the third hour (P < 0.001) and fourth hour (P < 0.001) postpartum. The mean total afterpain score in the 4 h postpartum was significantly lower in the reflexology group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The results revealed that foot reflexology in the fourth stage of labor has positive effects on relief from uterine afterpain. Reflexology is therefore recommended as a measure to reduce postpartum uterine afterpains.
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Schütze S, Krepsz J, Lorenz M, Schütze J, Kersten M, Janni W, Deniz M. Impact of postpartum pain and birth pain management on the pelvic floor function. A retrospective study including over 300 mothers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 269:71-76. [PMID: 34971913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is known that pregnancy and childbirth bring biological, psychological and social changes in a woman's life. Studies regarding the pelvic floor function focus on the year after delivery, but unfortunately, long-term studies are rare. Furthermore, an association between postpartum pain and birth pain management on the pelvic floor function has rarely been examined. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the pelvic floor function years after delivery in order to detect possible risk factors. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study. All women who delivered in our hospital between 2015 and 2016 were contacted by mail between 2018 and 2019 and asked to participate. The letters included study information, declaration of consent, the "Pelvic floor questionnaire for pregnant women and women after childbirth" (PFQ), contact information and pre-paid envelopes. Questions about pain after childbirth and the management of birth related fear and pain were particularly of interest in the surveys. The interested participants were asked to return the completed declaration of consent and the questionnaire. Overall, 308 women were included in the analysis. Due to the large number of participants, different subgroups were defined in order to compare influencing factors adequately. RESULTS No significant association between the mode of delivery and the total score of the PFQ was found after 3-4 years in primiparous women (p = 0.688). Our study also showed that recorded pain after childbirth and insufficient pain and fear management after childbirth had a negative impact on the pelvic floor function (total scores: pain after childbirth p = 0.00; no pain management p = 0.04; no fear management p = 0.021). CONCLUSION No association was found between delivery mode and pelvic floor function in primiparous women three to four years after childbirth. On the other hand, a negative impact of birth related pain and fears on the pelvic floor function years after delivery was significant. Therefore, these revealing findings should certainly be considered in postpartum management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schütze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johanna Krepsz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Margarete Lorenz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane Schütze
- Department of Basic Science, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Kersten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Deniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
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A Medical Student Postpartum Telehealth Initiative During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:65-69. [PMID: 34854027 PMCID: PMC8635469 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on our health systems and delivery of care and on the disruption of medical education. It has forced hospitals to move to a telehealth model for prenatal and postpartum visits and expedite discharges for postpartum patients in order to reduce exposure. We describe our medical school and hospital system initiative to employ medical student volunteers for postpartum telehealth calls during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. DESCRIPTION Ten medical students conducted phone interviews with postpartum patients within 72 h of discharge at three hospitals in a large NYC health system, with faculty preceptors at each site who provided daily call assignments and oversight. Students called patients to screen for risk factors for postpartum complications, including preeclampsia and postpartum depression; provide additional contraception counseling; and address newborn care and health. One week and 2 week post-discharge calls were also made for COVID-19 positive patients for ongoing symptom monitoring and counseling. ASSESSMENT We found numerous opportunities for intervention in postpartum health via telehealth, including addressing pharmacy-related needs, patient counseling, improving pain management, and identifying patients in need of emergent re-evaluation. CONCLUSION As this pandemic continues to evolve, our model demonstrates the feasibility of telehealth and medical student involvement in postpartum care and its benefits to patients, medical student learning, and alleviation of burden on obstetric staff.
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Brito APA, Caldeira CF, Salvetti MDG. Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of pain during the postpartum period. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2021; 55:e03691. [PMID: 33886917 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2019023303691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of pain in puerperal women, describe the characteristics of pain and its impacts on the performance of daily life activities, and evaluate satisfaction with received analgesia. METHOD Cross-sectional study which included women who had given birth. These were evaluated within 72 hours postpartum in a public teaching hospital in São Paulo city. Obstetric and clinical data were evaluated, as well as presence and characteristics of pain and its impact on daily activities. RESULTS A total 128 women participated in this study. The prevalence of pain was 36.7% during the interview and 54.6% in the previous 24 hours. The main pain site was the abdominal region (64.7%) and pain intensity was moderate to 48.9% of women, with intermittent frequency in 58% of the cases. There was a significant association between presence of pain and type of delivery (cesarean; p=0.030). Not being able to provide care to the newborn, requiring going to a different unit, increased pain perception (p=0.038). A significant impact of pain on the capacity of walking, eating, sleeping, taking care of the baby, evacuating, breathing deeply, breastfeeding, and sitting was verified. CONCLUSION Pain was frequent during the postpartum period and significantly affected the mothers' activities, indicating a need for improving pain management in puerperium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Almeida Brito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marina de Góes Salvetti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Médico Cirúrgica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sharifi N, Bahri N, Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Azizi H, Nezami H. The effect of foot reflexology in the fourth stage of labor on postpartum hemorrhage and after pain: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Abu-Zaid A, Alomar O, Abuzaid M, Baradwan S, Kadah KA, Magzoub D, Al-Badawi IA, Salem H. Ropivacaine versus lidocaine infiltration for postpartum perineal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102074. [PMID: 33515853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically and meta-analytically examine the efficacy of ropivacaine versus lidocaine infiltration for controlling postpartum perineal pain secondary to spontaneous tear or selective episiotomy. METHODS We searched four databases from inception to 20-September-2020. We included all relevant randomized and nonrandomized studies and assessed their risk of bias. We pooled data as standardized mean difference (SMD), weighted mean difference (WMD), or odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). RESULTS Four studies met the inclusion criteria (one and three studies were nonrandomized and randomized, respectively). There were 405 patients; 205 and 200 patients received lidocaine and ropivacaine, respectively. There was no significant difference between ropivacaine and lidocaine groups with regard to visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at suturing (WMD = -0.04, 95 % CI [-0.41, 0.32], P = 0.82), 2 h (SMD = -1.50, 95 % CI [-3.50, 0.50], P = 0.14), and 24 h (SMD = -0.40, 95 % CI [-1.15, 0.34], P = 0.29) post repair of perineal trauma. Proportion of patients with mild VAS pain score ≤3 at 24 h was significantly higher in the ropivacaine group (OR = 4.34, 95 % CI [2.03, 9.29], P < 0.001). Proportion of patients who did not require additional analgesia during the first 24 h post perineal repair did not significantly differ between both groups (OR = 2.44, 95 % CI [0.09, 68.21], P = 0.60). Ropivacaine group achieved higher maternal satisfaction (OR = 7.13, 95 % CI [3.63, 13.99], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS During repair of postpartum perineal trauma, pain efficacy is relatively longer with ropivacaine but safety is not well investigated. High-quality and large-sized studies are needed to consolidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osama Alomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Abuzaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HealthPlus Fertility and Women's Health Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Ali Kadah
- Department of Anesthesia, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Duha Magzoub
- School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hany Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Pozo-Cano MD, Martín-Salvador A, Pérez-Morente MÁ, Martínez-García E, Luna del Castillo JDD, Gázquez-López M, Fernández-Castillo R, García-García I. Validation of the Women's Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire (WOMBLSQ4) in the Spanish Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5582. [PMID: 32748884 PMCID: PMC7432014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The satisfaction of women with the birth experience has implications for the health and wellness of the women themselves and also of their newborn baby. The objectives of this study were to determine the factor structure of the Women's Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire (WOMBLSQ4) questionnaire on satisfaction with the attention received during birth delivery in Spanish women and to compare the level of satisfaction of pregnant women during the birth process with that in other studies that validated this instrument. A cross-sectional study using a self-completed questionnaire of 385 Spanish-speaking puerperal women who gave birth in the Public University Hospitals of Granada (Spain) was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis of the WOMBLSQ4 questionnaire was performed to identify the best fit model. Those items that showed commonalities higher than 0.50 were kept in the questionnaire. Using the principal components method, nine factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted after merging pain-related factors into a single item. These factors explain 90% of the global variance, indicating the high internal consistency of the full scale. In the model resulting from the WOMBLSQ4 questionnaire, its nine dimensions measure the levels of satisfaction of puerperal women with childbirth care. Average scores somewhat higher than those of the original questionnaire and close to those achieved in the study carried out in Madrid (Spain) were obtained. In clinical practice, this scale may be relevant for measuring the levels of satisfaction during childbirth of Spanish-speaking women.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Pozo-Cano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.D.P.-C.); (E.M.-G.); (R.F.-C.); (I.G.-G.)
| | | | | | - Encarnación Martínez-García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.D.P.-C.); (E.M.-G.); (R.F.-C.); (I.G.-G.)
| | | | | | - Rafael Fernández-Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.D.P.-C.); (E.M.-G.); (R.F.-C.); (I.G.-G.)
| | - Inmaculada García-García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.D.P.-C.); (E.M.-G.); (R.F.-C.); (I.G.-G.)
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Neonatal Admission and Its Relationship to Maternal Pain: Pain Scores and Analgesia. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 34:66-71. [PMID: 31996647 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether postnatal women whose babies required neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission self-reported lower pain scores and required less analgesia than women whose babies remained with them. A prospective matched audit comparing pain scores and analgesia requirements where every woman with a baby admitted to the NICU was matched to 2 women whose babies remained on the ward was undertaken. Matches were based on age, number of previous births, type of birth, episiotomy, and epidural or spinal analgesia use. Data were collected on pain scores and analgesia administered in the first 72 hours postbirth. A total of 150 women were recruited and matched from November 2015 to May 2017. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups for opiate analgesia use (P = .91) or pain scores (P = .89). Regardless of NICU admission, significantly higher pain scores were reported in participants who had episiotomies (P = .03). Birth via cesarean birth resulted in significantly higher pain scores (P < .01) and greater opiate administration (P < .01). This study found no statistically significant difference between pain scores or analgesia use of mothers whose babies required NICU admission and mothers whose babies remained with them.
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Low-level laser therapy improves pain in postcesarean section: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:1095-1102. [PMID: 31659541 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on immediate postpartum pain relief during cesarean section. A randomized, parallel controlled trial was carried out. In total, 88 women with immediate postpartum were divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 22), placebo group (n = 22), experimental group I (n = 22, dose of 4 J/cm2), and experimental group II (n = 22, dose of 2 J/cm2). The pain measured by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), algometry, and Global Change Perception Scale (GCPS) was assessed at 12, 20-24, and 44-48 h postpartum. Two LLLT sessions were performed at 12 and 24 h postpartum. A significant interaction was observed between time versus group for NRS F (2.40) = 36.80, p < 0.001 and algometry F (1.70) = 27.18, p < 0.001. GCPS revealed a significant difference between the groups during second (p = 0.04) and third evaluation (p = 0.04). The NRS and algometry presented a large effect size for the experimental groups. LLLT is an efficient method to reduce pain and enhance the GCP in postcesarean section. No significant clinical differences were found between the laser doses.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyse the perineal outcomes in childbirth and post-partum perineal care in a freestanding birth centre. Method: a cross-sectional study, with data collection performed in the women’s birth records forms from Casa Angela, a freestanding birth centre, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2016-2017 (n=415). The following data was analysed: occurrence and perineal tear degree; maternal, neonatal and birth care-related variables; perineal suture prevalence; complications in wound healing and natural methods on perineal care. Data were subjected to descriptive, inferential and multiple analyses. Results: in 11.8% of women, the perineum was kept intact, 61.9% had spontaneous first-degree tear and 26.3% had second-degree tear. The variables related to the occurrence and higher spontaneous degree tears were maternal age and second period of childbirth >2 hours. The protective factors against the occurrence and higher degree tears were number of previous vaginal childbirths and maternal position different from vertical during childbirth. Perineal suture was performed in 16.0% and 70.6% of women with spontaneous first- and second-degree tears, respectively. The main perineal complications after birth were edema (53.6%) and pain (29.4%); and the perineal suture increased the chance for these complications (OR=2.5; 95%CI 1.5-4.3). Perineum icepack compress was used in 53.8% of women during post-partum period. Conclusion: maternal and health-care related factors were associated to the prevalence and degree of spontaneous perineal tear. First-degree spontaneous perineal tears were prevalent and sutured in a low number of women. There were more complications in the wound healing process when the perineal suture was performed, regardless the tear degree. The number of natural methods in post-partum perineal care was higher than the use of medicines.
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Bisson DL, Newell SD, Laxton C. Antenatal and Postnatal Analgesia: Scientific Impact Paper No. 59. BJOG 2018; 126:e114-e124. [PMID: 30548570 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abbas AM, Mohamed AA, Mattar OM, El Shamy T, James C, Namous LO, Yosef AH, Khamis Y, Samy A. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus local infiltration anesthesia in pain relief during repair of perineal trauma after vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1064-1071. [PMID: 30107755 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Perineal trauma is a common problem that may affect women during vaginal delivery; this trauma can be either spontaneous (tear) or intentional (episiotomy). When repair of perineal trauma is required, adequate analgesics must be obtained. Topical products as lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream is one of the suggested methods, but still there is lack of evidence with regard to its efficacy and safety.Objective: The aim of this review is to assess the evidence of utilizing EMLA cream in comparison to local perineal infiltration anesthesia for pain control during perineal repair after vaginal delivery.Data sources: Medline, Embase, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane Library were searched electronically from January 2006 to May 2018 for studies investigating the effect of lidocaine-prilocaine cream in relieving pain during repair of perineal trauma.Methods of study selection: All randomized controlled trials assessing effect of lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus local infiltration anesthesia in relieving pain during repair of perineal trauma were considered for this meta-analysis. Fifteen studies were identified of which four studies deemed eligible for this review. Quality and risk of bias assessment was performed for all studies.Data extraction: Two researchers independently extracted the data from the individual articles and entered into RevMan software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Statistical heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the Higgins chi-square and (I2) statistics. When heterogeneity was significant, a random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Otherwise, the fixed effect meta-analysis was used when there was no significant heterogeneity.Results: Pooled analysis of result in "pain score" was insignificant between the two groups (WMD -1.11; 95% CI (-2.55 to 0.33); p = .13). Furthermore, the use of additional analgesia showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (WMD 1.34; 95% CI (0.66-2.71), p = .42). Regarding patient satisfaction, an overall analysis of three studies showed significant results favoring EMLA cream group users (WMD 4.65; 95% CI (1.96-11.03), p = .0005). The pooled analysis of the outcome "duration of repair" showed the significantly shorter duration of repair in EMLA cream users (n = 92) than local infiltration anesthesia (n = 95) (1.72 min; 95% CI (-2.76 to -0.67), p = .001).Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream gives comparable results in reducing pain during perineal repair after vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abbas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Omar M Mattar
- Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek El Shamy
- Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn James
- Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Lubaba O Namous
- Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali H Yosef
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser Khamis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abbas AM, Abdel Hafiz HA, Abdelhafez AM, Michael A, Ismail AM. Topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus lidocaine infiltration for pain relief during repair of perineal tears after vaginal delivery: randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2182-2187. [PMID: 29334290 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1428304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to compare the analgesic effect of lidocaine-prilocaine (LP) cream with lidocaine infiltration during repair of perineal tears after vaginal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single center open-labeled randomized clinical trial was carried out in a tertiary University Hospital between October 2016 and May 2017 (Clinical Trials.Gov: NCT02883179). We included parous women, who delivered at gestational age >37 weeks with first- or second-degree perineal tears. The participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either lidocaine infiltration (Group I); or application of LP cream (Group II) for pain relief during perineal repair. The primary outcome was the difference in mean pain score during perineal repair. Secondary outcomes included the participants' satisfaction, the need for additional anesthesia, the duration of perineal repair, and the rate of adverse effects of both medications. RESULTS The study included 144 participants randomized to both groups. The mean pain score during perineal repair was significantly lower in the LP cream group (3.86 ± 1.59) than the lidocaine infiltration group (5.99 ± 1.47) [p = .001]. The duration of repair was significantly shorter in the LP group than the lidocaine infiltration group (6.37 ± 3.68 versus 8.17 ± 2.75 min, respectively, p = .001). The need for additional anesthesia was quite similar in both groups (p = .371). More women in the LP cream group were satisfied than the other group with statistical significant difference (76.4 versus 30.6%, p = .000). No difference between side effects in both groups (p = .171) Conclusions: Topical application of lidocaine-prilocaine cream is an effective analgesic during repair of perineal tears with no harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abbas
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hamida A Abdel Hafiz
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aya M Abdelhafez
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Armia Michael
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Ismail
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
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The Effects of Cold Application to the Perineum on Pain Relief After Vaginal Birth. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2017; 11:276-282. [PMID: 29290275 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Perineal pain developing during the postpartum period affects women's relationships with their families and infants. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of cold gel pad application for relieving perineal pain and possibly increasing mothers' comfort after vaginal delivery. METHODS This experimental randomized controlled study was conducted in the postpartum department of obstetrics and gynecology hospital. A total of 200 mothers were included in the study. Cold gel pads were applied to the perineum of mothers in the experimental group for 20 minutes in the postpartum first 2 hours and 4 hours after the first application. All the data were collected by using an information form, the visual analog scale, and the postpartum comfort questionnaire. RESULTS In the experimental group, the first visual analog scale score was 6.73 ± 1.68; after cold gel pad application, the pain levels decreased to 2.59 ± 1.20 in both primiparous and multiparous mothers. In addition, the postpartum comfort questionnaire score increased from 2.58 ± 0.14 to 2.69 ± 0.14 in the second assessment after the cold gel pad application and the difference was statistically significant (p < .001). CONCLUSION The application of the cold gel pad to the perineum relieved perineal pain and increased postpartum comfort in all the women. The pain felt by the women during the recovery and the daily activities decreased. Postpartum perineal pain adversely affected daily activities such as lying down, sitting, and walking; infant care, breastfeeding, and urination; and comfort levels of the postpartum women.
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Abstract
Pain has been documented as a major concern for women in the postpartum period. Management of postpartum pain, however, is a relatively neglected area of clinical research. As a result, evidence to support interventions to alleviate the discomforts associated with childbirth is sparse. This paucity of research on postpartum pain management is particularly surprising given that in the United States alone nearly 4 million women give birth each year. Inadequate pain relief in the hours to months following childbirth can interfere with maternal-newborn bonding and feeding and, by impeding mobility, can increase the risk of postpartum complications. In addition, pain that is not adequately managed may increase the risk of chronic pain that lasts beyond the postpartum period. In this article, the more common causes of pain following childbirth are reviewed and recommendations for pain management based on available evidence are outlined. Considerations for pain management in lactating women and for hospital discharge are discussed.
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Wong AMW, Zaidi STR. Patients' understanding and use of analgesia for postnatal pain following hospital discharge. Int J Clin Pharm 2016; 39:133-138. [PMID: 27933489 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Postnatal pain is one of the limiting factors in the recovery of women from child birth. Despite the routine prescribing of analgesics for postnatal pain, limited research is available on the use of analgesics by the women in postnatal period. Objective To measure the utilisation and effectiveness of prescribed oral analgesics, the incidence and severity of pain, and factors associated with poor pain control on the fifth-day post-hospital discharge in postnatal women. Setting A tertiary referral women's hospital of Western Australia. Method Prospective cohort follow-up study of 400 postnatal women at a tertiary referral women's hospital during May and July 2014. All eligible subjects were contacted for a telephone survey 5 days after their discharge from the hospital. Additional clinical data was collected from the hospital medical records. Main outcome measure Pain at discharge, analgesics prescribed on discharge, patient understanding and adherence, and postnatal pain management. Results 197 of 400 recruited women completed the telephone survey yielding a response rate of around 50%. 131 Women (66%) reported to be in pain at the fifth-day post-hospital discharge. Older women (p = 0.003) and women who reported to be in pain at hospital discharge were more likely to experience pain at home (p = 0.001). Women were more likely to seek consultation from a healthcare professional (p = 0.001) prior to their scheduled follow up visit, purchase over the counter analgesics from pharmacy (p = 0.012) and seek non-drug alternative (p = 0.019) if they experienced pain at home. Conclusion Pain at hospital discharge was found to be a strong predictor of pain at home among the postnatal women in this study. We propose pain at the time of hospital discharge as a useful clinical indicator to identify postnatal women who need additional support to manage their pain at home thus minimising potential harm related to inappropriate use of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M W Wong
- Department of Pharmacy Services, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Syed Tabish R Zaidi
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Hastings V, McCallister AM, Curtis SA, Valant RJ, Yao S. Efficacy of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Management of Postpartum Pain. J Osteopath Med 2016; 116:502-9. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context: Pain is one of the most common postpartum complaints by women in the United States, and the pain varies in its location. Research on intervention strategies for postpartum pain has focused primarily on the lower back, but pain management for other types of postpartum pain remains unclear.
Objective: To investigate the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on postpartum pain; the location, quality, and timing of pain; and the difference in pain between vaginal and cesarean delivery.
Methods: Postpartum patients who reported having pain were recruited at St Barnabas Hospital in Bronx, New York. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was administered along with a screening questionnaire. Second- or third-year residents in neuromusculoskeletal medicine and osteopathic manipulative medicine examined patients and then diagnosed and managed somatic dysfunction with OMT for approximately 25 minutes. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was again administered after OMT. Paired t tests and McNemar tests were used to analyze changes before and after OMT for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Differences in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores between patients who had vaginal vs cesarean delivery were tested using analysis of variance, and group differences in pain location were tested using a Pearson χ2 test.
Results: A total of 59 patients were included in the study. The mean VAS score for pain was 5.0 before OMT and 2.9 after OMT (P<.001). The VAS scores before OMT significantly differed between patients who had a vaginal delivery and those who had a cesarean delivery (P<.001), but the mean decrease in VAS score was similar in both groups. Decreases in low back pain (34 [57.6%] before and 16 [27.1%] after OMT), abdominal pain (32 [54.2%] before and 22 [37.3%] after OMT), and vaginal pain (11 [18.6%] before and 5 [8.5%] after OMT) were reported after OMT (P<.05).
Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrate that OMT is efficacious for postpartum pain management. The lack of a control group precludes the ability to make causal claims. Future studies are needed to solidify OMT efficacy and generalizability.
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de Souza Bosco Paiva C, Junqueira Vasconcellos de Oliveira SM, Amorim Francisco A, da Silva RL, de Paula Batista Mendes E, Steen M. Length of perineal pain relief after ice pack application: A quasi-experimental study. Women Birth 2016; 29:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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