1
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Voerman S, Broersen R, Swagemakers SMA, De Zeeuw CI, van der Spek PJ. Plasticity mechanisms of genetically distinct Purkinje cells. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400008. [PMID: 38697917 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite its uniform appearance, the cerebellar cortex is highly heterogeneous in terms of structure, genetics and physiology. Purkinje cells (PCs), the principal and sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, can be categorized into multiple populations that differentially express molecular markers and display distinctive physiological features. Such features include action potential rate, but also their propensity for synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. However, the precise molecular and genetic factors that correlate with the differential physiological properties of PCs remain elusive. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the cellular mechanisms that regulate PC activity and plasticity. We further perform a pathway analysis to highlight how molecular characteristics of specific PC populations may influence their physiology and plasticity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Voerman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Broersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid M A Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Yang F, Zhao Z, Zhang D, Xiong Y, Dong X, Wang Y, Yang M, Pan T, Liu C, Liu K, Lin Y, Liu Y, Tu Q, Dang Y, Xia M, Mi D, Zhou W, Xu Z. Single-cell multi-omics analysis of lineage development and spatial organization in the human fetal cerebellum. Cell Discov 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38409116 PMCID: PMC10897198 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cerebellum encompasses numerous neurons, exhibiting a distinct developmental paradigm from cerebrum. Here we conducted scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq and spatial transcriptomic analyses of fetal samples from gestational week (GW) 13 to 18 to explore the emergence of cellular diversity and developmental programs in the developing human cerebellum. We identified transitory granule cell progenitors that are conserved across species. Special patterns in both granule cells and Purkinje cells were dissected multidimensionally. Species-specific gene expression patterns of cerebellar lobes were characterized and we found that PARM1 exhibited inconsistent distribution in human and mouse granule cells. A novel cluster of potential neuroepithelium at the rhombic lip was identified. We also resolved various subtypes of Purkinje cells and unipolar brush cells and revealed gene regulatory networks controlling their diversification. Therefore, our study offers a valuable multi-omics landscape of human fetal cerebellum and advances our understanding of development and spatial organization of human cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yashan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Da Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Rodnyy AY, Kondaurova EM, Tsybko AS, Popova NK, Kudlay DA, Naumenko VS. The brain serotonin system in autism. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:1-20. [PMID: 37415576 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are among the most common neurodevelopmental diseases. These disorders are characterized by lack of social interaction, by repetitive behavior, and often anxiety and learning disabilities. The brain serotonin (5-HT) system is known to be crucially implicated in a wide range of physiological functions and in the control of different kinds of normal and pathological behavior. A growing number of studies indicate the involvement of the brain 5-HT system in the mechanisms underlying both ASD development and ASD-related behavioral disorders. There are some review papers describing the role of separate key players of the 5-HT system in an ASD and/or autistic-like behavior. In this review, we summarize existing data on the participation of all members of the brain 5-HT system, namely, 5-HT transporter, tryptophan hydroxylase 2, MAOA, and 5-HT receptors, in autism in human and various animal models. Additionally, we describe the most recent studies involving modern techniques for in vivo regulation of gene expression that are aimed at identifying exact roles of 5-HT receptors, MAOA, and 5-HT transporter in the mechanisms underlying autistic-like behavior. Altogether, results of multiple research articles show that the brain 5-HT system intimately partakes in the control of some types of ASD-related behavior, and that specific changes in a function of a certain 5-HT receptor, transporter, and/or enzyme may normalize this aberrant behavior. These data give hope that some of clinically used 5-HT-related drugs have potential for ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ya Rodnyy
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena M Kondaurova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anton S Tsybko
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nina K Popova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe Highway 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
- Sechenov's University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Naumenko
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Zhang L, Wei X. SynCAMs in Normal Vertebrate Neural Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: from the Perspective of the OCAs. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:358-371. [PMID: 37607992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal synaptic junctions connect neurons to enable neuronal signal transmission in the nervous system. The proper establishment of synaptic connections required many adhesion molecules. Malfunctions of these adhesion molecules can result in neural development disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. How specific synapses are established by various adhesion molecules for proper neural circuitry is a fundamental question of neuroscience. SynCAMs, also named CADMs, Necl, etc., are among the many adhesion proteins found in synapses. Here, we review the current understanding of the physical properties of SynCAMs and their roles in axon pathfinding, myelination, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. In addition, we discuss the involvement of SynCAMs in neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we propose that SynCAM functions can be better viewed and understood from the perspective of orientational cell adhesions (OCAs). In particular, we discuss the possibilities of how SynCAMs can be regulated at the cell-type specific expression, transcription variants, posttranslational modification, and subcellular localization to modulate the diversity of SynCAMs as OCA molecules. Being major components of the synapses, SynCAMs continue to be an important research topic of neuroscience, and many outstanding questions are waiting to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiangyun Wei
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Developmental Biology, and Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Terada N, Saitoh Y, Saito M, Yamada T, Kamijo A, Yoshizawa T, Sakamoto T. Recent Progress on Genetically Modified Animal Models for Membrane Skeletal Proteins: The 4.1 and MPP Families. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1942. [PMID: 37895291 PMCID: PMC10606877 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein 4.1 and membrane palmitoylated protein (MPP) families were originally found as components in the erythrocyte membrane skeletal protein complex, which helps maintain the stability of erythrocyte membranes by linking intramembranous proteins and meshwork structures composed of actin and spectrin under the membranes. Recently, it has been recognized that cells and tissues ubiquitously use this membrane skeletal system. Various intramembranous proteins, including adhesion molecules, ion channels, and receptors, have been shown to interact with the 4.1 and MPP families, regulating cellular and tissue dynamics by binding to intracellular signal transduction proteins. In this review, we focus on our previous studies regarding genetically modified animal models, especially on 4.1G, MPP6, and MPP2, to describe their functional roles in the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system, the testis, and bone formation. As the membrane skeletal proteins are located at sites that receive signals from outside the cell and transduce signals inside the cell, it is necessary to elucidate their molecular interrelationships, which may broaden the understanding of cell and tissue functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Terada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- School of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
| | - Tomoki Yamada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akio Kamijo
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Basic & Clinical Medicine, Nagano College of Nursing, Komagane City, Nagano 399-4117, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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6
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Apte M, Kumar A. Correlation of Mutated gene and Signalling pathways in ASD. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:384-392. [PMID: 37101819 PMCID: PMC10123338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a complicated spectrum of neurodevelopmental illnesses characterized by repetitive and constrained behaviors and interests, as well as social interaction and communication difficulties that are first shown in infancy. More than 18 million Indians, according to the National Health Portal of India, and 1 in 160 children worldwide, according to the WHO, are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. This review aims to discuss the complex genetic architecture that underlies autism and summarizes the role of proteins likely to play in the development of autism. We also consider how genetic mutations can affect convergent signaling pathways and hinder the development of brain circuitry and the role of cognition development and theory of mind with Cognition-behavior therapy benefits in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Apte
- Quality Assurance and Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle, 400056 Mumbai, India
- Correspondence to: SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mithibai Campus, V.M. Road, Vile Parle West, 400056 Mumbai, India.
| | - Aayush Kumar
- Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle, 400056 Mumbai, India
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7
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Abstract
Mechanical forces have emerged as essential regulators of cell organization, proliferation, migration, and polarity to regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis. Changes in forces or loss of the cellular response to them can result in abnormal embryonic development and diseases. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been put in deciphering the molecular mechanisms that convert forces into biochemical signals, allowing for the identification of many mechanotransducer proteins. Here we discuss how PDZ proteins are emerging as new mechanotransducer proteins by altering their conformations or localizations upon force loads, leading to the formation of macromolecular modules tethering the cell membrane to the actin cytoskeleton.
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8
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Baliova M, Jursky F. Comparison of SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ interactions with MUPP1 using mammalian and bacterial pull-down systems. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01587. [PMID: 32108449 PMCID: PMC7177587 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM1) also known as cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a transmembrane cell adhesion protein that operates in a variety of physiological and pathological cellular contexts, and its interaction with the PDZ signalling protein MUPP1 have been previously implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We used in vitro pull-down systems based on the bacterial and mammalian extracts to study SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ interactions with MUPP1 at various conditions. RESULTS So far, the investigated interaction of SynCAM1/CADM1 with MUPP1 has been mostly attributed to an unspecified region of MUPP1 PDZ domains 1-5 or exclusively to domain 2, using a yeast two-hybrid system. We also confirmed the single interaction of native synaptosomal CADM1 with PDZ domain 2. However, in this work, using recombinant proteins overexpressed in bacteria, we found an in vitro pull-down conditions in which all first five domains and, to a much lesser extent, MUPP1 domains 7 and 11 significantly interacted with the whole C-terminal domain of SynCAM1/CADM1. These PDZ interactions were confirmed by a pull-down assay using the last seven amino acids of the SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ motif and using two fusion partners. Multiple interactions were additionally replicated using the continuous N-terminal MUPP1 protein fragment, which included first five PDZ domains, containing either intact or mutated domain 2. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that multiple interactions might exist in vivo, representing transient low-affinity interactions or alternative binding sites on MUPP1 when domain 2 is occupied or occluded by the interaction with other ligands. This newly identified interactions extend the potential genetic mutations, possibly affecting SynCAM1/CADM1/MUPP1 function. Possible reasons for the absence of some of the identified CADM1 PDZ interactions in mammalian extracts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baliova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Jursky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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9
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Dillon J, Holden-Dye L, O'Connor V. Yeast two-hybrid screening identifies MPZ-1 and PTP-1 as candidate scaffolding proteins of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:16. [PMID: 30417267 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-018-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a class of G-protein-coupled receptor that undergo extensive interactions with scaffolding proteins, and this is intrinsic to their function as an important group of neuromodulators at glutamatergic synapses. The Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system expresses three metabotropic glutamate receptors, MGL-1, MGL-2 and MGL-3. Relatively little is known about how the function and signalling of these receptors is organised in C. elegans. To identify proteins that scaffold the MGL-1 receptor, we have conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen. Three of the interacting proteins, MPZ-1, NRFL-1 and PTP-1, displayed motifs characteristic of mammalian mGluR scaffolding proteins. Using cellular co-expression criterion, we show mpz-1 and ptp-1 exhibited overlapping expression patterns with subsets of mgl-1 neurons. This included neurones in the pharyngeal nervous system that control the feeding organ of the worm. The mGluR agonist L-CCG-I inhibits the activity of this network in wild-type worms, in an MGL-1 and dose-dependent manner. We utilised L-CCG-I to identify if MGL-1 function was disrupted in mutants with deletions in the mpz-1 gene. The mpz-1 mutants displayed a largely wild-type response to L-CCG-I, suggesting MGL-1 signalling is not overtly disrupted consistent with a non-obligatory modulatory function in receptor scaffolding. The selectivity of the protein interactions and overlapping expression identified here warrant further investigation of the functional significance of scaffolding of metabotropic glutamate receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dillon
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Vincent O'Connor
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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10
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Tordjman S, Cohen D, Anderson G, Botbol M, Canitano R, Coulon N, Roubertoux P. Repint of “Reframing autism as a behavioral syndrome and not a specific mental disorder: Implications of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity”. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:132-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Copy number variations and expression of MPDZ are prognostic biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78713-78725. [PMID: 29108259 PMCID: PMC5667992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vital copy number variation (CNV) plays a crucial role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MPDZ inhibit cell polarity associate with osmotic pressure response and cancer-related biological processes. In order to clarify the role of the CNV of MPDZ in the progression of ccRCC, we analyzed the CNV and expression of MPDZ and prognosis in ccRCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. Notably, we found that the deletion of MPDZ was the common CNV, which was present in 28.65% of ccRCC patients. With the development of tumors, the percentage of MPDZ deletion increased significantly (19.38% in stage I; 20.00% in stage II; 40.94% in stage III; and 45.00% in stage IV). The deletion of MPDZ significantly increased ccRCC risk (P=0.0025). Low MPDZ expression associated with its deletion was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in ccRCC patients (P=0.0342). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis by tissue microarray showed that MPDZ was expressed at lower levels in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P<0.01). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that ccRCC patients with low MPDZ expression had significantly shorter survival than those with high MPDZ expression (P=0.002). These results indicated that low MPDZ expression associated with CNV is a potential biomarker for the prognosis of ccRCC patients.
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12
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Abstract
The degree to which adaptation in recent human evolution shapes genetic variation remains controversial. This is in part due to the limited evidence in humans for classic "hard selective sweeps", wherein a novel beneficial mutation rapidly sweeps through a population to fixation. However, positive selection may often proceed via "soft sweeps" acting on mutations already present within a population. Here, we examine recent positive selection across six human populations using a powerful machine learning approach that is sensitive to both hard and soft sweeps. We found evidence that soft sweeps are widespread and account for the vast majority of recent human adaptation. Surprisingly, our results also suggest that linked positive selection affects patterns of variation across much of the genome, and may increase the frequencies of deleterious mutations. Our results also reveal insights into the role of sexual selection, cancer risk, and central nervous system development in recent human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Schrider
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Andrew D. Kern
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
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13
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Robert C, Pasquier L, Cohen D, Fradin M, Canitano R, Damaj L, Odent S, Tordjman S. Role of Genetics in the Etiology of Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Towards a Hierarchical Diagnostic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E618. [PMID: 28287497 PMCID: PMC5372633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in epidemiological, molecular and clinical genetics with the development of new techniques has improved knowledge on genetic syndromes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of this article is to show the diversity of genetic disorders associated with ASD (based on an extensive review of single-gene disorders, copy number variants, and other chromosomal disorders), and consequently to propose a hierarchical diagnostic strategy with a stepwise evaluation, helping general practitioners/pediatricians and child psychiatrists to collaborate with geneticists and neuropediatricians, in order to search for genetic disorders associated with ASD. The first step is a clinical investigation involving: (i) a child psychiatric and psychological evaluation confirming autism diagnosis from different observational sources and assessing autism severity; (ii) a neuropediatric evaluation examining neurological symptoms and developmental milestones; and (iii) a genetic evaluation searching for dysmorphic features and malformations. The second step involves laboratory and if necessary neuroimaging and EEG studies oriented by clinical results based on clinical genetic and neuropediatric examinations. The identification of genetic disorders associated with ASD has practical implications for diagnostic strategies, early detection or prevention of co-morbidity, specific treatment and follow up, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Robert
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (PHUPEA), University of Rennes 1 and Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 35200 Rennes, France.
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement (Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest: CLAD Ouest), Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France.
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement (Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest: CLAD Ouest), Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France.
| | - David Cohen
- Hospital-University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris 6 University, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement (Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest: CLAD Ouest), Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France.
| | - Roberto Canitano
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Léna Damaj
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement (Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest: CLAD Ouest), Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France.
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement (Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest: CLAD Ouest), Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France.
| | - Sylvie Tordjman
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (PHUPEA), University of Rennes 1 and Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 35200 Rennes, France.
- Laboratory of Psychology of Perception, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris, France.
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14
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Tordjman S, Cohen D, Coulon N, Anderson GM, Botbol M, Canitano R, Roubertoux PL. Reframing autism as a behavioral syndrome and not a specific mental disorder: Implications of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:210. [PMID: 28153685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and molecular genetics have advanced current knowledge on genetic disorders associated with autism. A review of diverse genetic disorders associated with autism is presented and for the first time discussed extensively with regard to possible common underlying mechanisms leading to a similar cognitive-behavioral phenotype of autism. The possible role of interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including epigenetic mechanisms, is in particular examined. Finally, the pertinence of distinguishing non-syndromic autism (isolated autism) from syndromic autism (autism associated with genetic disorders) will be reconsidered. Given the high genetic and etiological heterogeneity of autism, autism can be viewed as a behavioral syndrome related to known genetic disorders (syndromic autism) or currently unknown disorders (apparent non-syndromic autism), rather than a specific categorical mental disorder. It highlights the need to study autism phenotype and developmental trajectory through a multidimensional, non-categorical approach with multivariate analyses within autism spectrum disorder but also across mental disorders, and to conduct systematically clinical genetic examination searching for genetic disorders in all individuals (children but also adults) with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tordjman
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Université de Rennes 1 and Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 154 rue de Châtillon, 35200 Rennes, France; Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes and CNRS UMR 8158, Paris, France.
| | - D Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, CNRS FRE 2987, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - N Coulon
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes and CNRS UMR 8158, Paris, France
| | - G M Anderson
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Botbol
- Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - R Canitano
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P L Roubertoux
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Inserm, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France
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15
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Rademacher N, Schmerl B, Lardong JA, Wahl MC, Shoichet SA. MPP2 is a postsynaptic MAGUK scaffold protein that links SynCAM1 cell adhesion molecules to core components of the postsynaptic density. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35283. [PMID: 27756895 PMCID: PMC5069480 DOI: 10.1038/srep35283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At neuronal synapses, multiprotein complexes of trans-synaptic adhesion molecules, scaffold proteins and neurotransmitter receptors assemble to essential building blocks required for synapse formation and maintenance. Here we describe a novel role for the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein MPP2 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 2) at synapses of rat central neurons. Through interactions mediated by its C-terminal SH3-GK domain module, MPP2 binds to the abundant postsynaptic scaffold proteins PSD-95 and GKAP and localises to postsynaptic sites in hippocampal neurons. MPP2 also colocalises with the synaptic adhesion molecule SynCAM1. We demonstrate that the SynCAM1 C-terminus interacts directly with the MPP2 PDZ domain and that MPP2 does not interact in this manner with other highly abundant postsynaptic transmembrane proteins. Our results highlight a previously unexplored role for MPP2 at postsynaptic sites as a scaffold that links SynCAM1 cell adhesion molecules to core proteins of the postsynaptic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rademacher
- Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmerl
- Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Lardong
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus C. Wahl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah A. Shoichet
- Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Donaldson R, Sun Y, Liang DY, Zheng M, Sahbaie P, Dill DL, Peltz G, Buck KJ, Clark JD. The multiple PDZ domain protein Mpdz/MUPP1 regulates opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:313. [PMID: 27129385 PMCID: PMC4850636 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are a mainstay for the treatment of chronic pain. Unfortunately, therapy-limiting maladaptations such as loss of treatment effect (tolerance), and paradoxical opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) can occur. The objective of this study was to identify genes responsible for opioid tolerance and OIH. RESULTS These studies used a well-established model of ascending morphine administration to induce tolerance, OIH and other opioid maladaptations in 23 strains of inbred mice. Genome-wide computational genetic mapping was then applied to the data in combination with a false discovery rate filter. Transgenic mice, gene expression experiments and immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the functional roles of the most strongly linked gene. The behavioral data processed using computational genetic mapping and false discovery rate filtering provided several strongly linked biologically plausible gene associations. The strongest of these was the highly polymorphic Mpdz gene coding for the post-synaptic scaffolding protein Mpdz/MUPP1. Heterozygous Mpdz +/- mice displayed reduced opioid tolerance and OIH. Mpdz gene expression and Mpdz/MUPP1 protein levels were lower in the spinal cords of low-adapting 129S1/Svlm mice than in high-adapting C57BL/6 mice. Morphine did not alter Mpdz expression levels. In addition, association of Mpdz/MUPP1 with its known binding partner CaMKII did not differ between these high- and low-adapting strains. CONCLUSIONS The degrees of maladaptive changes in response to repeated administration of morphine vary greatly across inbred strains of mice. Variants of the multiple PDZ domain gene Mpdz may contribute to the observed inter-strain variability in tolerance and OIH by virtue of changes in the level of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Donaldson
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - De-Yong Liang
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David L Dill
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari J Buck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Mosconi MW, Wang Z, Schmitt LM, Tsai P, Sweeney JA. The role of cerebellar circuitry alterations in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:296. [PMID: 26388713 PMCID: PMC4555040 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has been repeatedly implicated in gene expression, rodent model and post-mortem studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). How cellular and molecular anomalies of the cerebellum relate to clinical manifestations of ASD remains unclear. Separate circuits of the cerebellum control different sensorimotor behaviors, such as maintaining balance, walking, making eye movements, reaching, and grasping. Each of these behaviors has been found to be impaired in ASD, suggesting that multiple distinct circuits of the cerebellum may be involved in the pathogenesis of patients' sensorimotor impairments. We will review evidence that the development of these circuits is disrupted in individuals with ASD and that their study may help elucidate the pathophysiology of sensorimotor deficits and core symptoms of the disorder. Preclinical studies of monogenetic conditions associated with ASD also have identified selective defects of the cerebellum and documented behavioral rescues when the cerebellum is targeted. Based on these findings, we propose that cerebellar circuits may prove to be promising targets for therapeutic development aimed at rescuing sensorimotor and other clinical symptoms of different forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Mosconi
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA ; Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lauren M Schmitt
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter Tsai
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Tanabe Y, Fujita-Jimbo E, Momoi MY, Momoi T. CASPR2 forms a complex with GPR37 via MUPP1 but not with GPR37(R558Q), an autism spectrum disorder-related mutation. J Neurochem 2015; 134:783-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tanabe
- International University of Health and Welfare; Otawara Tochigi Japan
| | - Eriko Fujita-Jimbo
- International University of Health and Welfare; Otawara Tochigi Japan
- Department of Pediatrics; Jichi Medical University School of Medicine; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Mariko Y. Momoi
- International University of Health and Welfare; Otawara Tochigi Japan
| | - Takashi Momoi
- International University of Health and Welfare; Otawara Tochigi Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology; Tokyo Medical University Shinjuku Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Fujita-Jimbo E, Tanabe Y, Yu Z, Kojima K, Mori M, Li H, Iwamoto S, Yamagata T, Momoi MY, Momoi T. The association of GPR85 with PSD-95-neuroligin complex and autism spectrum disorder: a molecular analysis. Mol Autism 2015; 6:17. [PMID: 25780553 PMCID: PMC4360946 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a complex genetic etiology. Some symptoms and mutated genes, including neuroligin (NLGN), neurexin (NRXN), and SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein (SHANK), are shared by schizophrenia and ASD. Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of ASD. One of the possible molecular pathogenesis is an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory receptors linked with the NLGN-PSD-95-SHANK complex via postsynaptic density protein/Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor/zonula occludens-1 protein (PDZ) binding. In the present study, we focused on GPR85 as a candidate gene for ASD because the C-terminal amino acid sequence of GPR85 [Thr-Cys-Val-Ile (YCVI)] is classified as a type II PDZ-binding motif, and GPR85 is a risk factor for schizophrenia. GPR85 is an orphan receptor that regulates neural and synaptic plasticity and modulates diverse behaviors, including learning and memory. While searching for molecules that associate with GPR85, we found that GPR85 was associated with postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 linked with NLGN in the brain. Methods We examined the proteins that associate with the C-terminal sequence of GPR85 by pull-down assay and immunoblot analysis and searched for a mutation of the GPR85 gene in patients with ASD. We used immunostaining to examine the intracellular localization of mutated GPR85 and its influence on the morphology of cells and neurons. Results The C-terminal sequence of GPR85 interacted with PSD-95 at PDZ1, while NLGN interacted with PSD-95 at PDZ3. Two male patients with ASD from independent Japanese families possessed inherited missense mutations at conserved sites in GPR85: one had T1033C (M152T) and the other had G1239T (V221L). These mutations were located in a domain related to G protein interaction and signal transduction. In contrast to wild-type GPR85, mutated GPR85 was more preferentially accumulated, causing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and disturbed the dendrite formation of hippocampal neurons. Conclusions GPR85 associated with the PSD-95 linked with NLGN, which is related to ASD. GPR85 carrying the mutations detected in ASD patients disturbed dendrite formation that could be the candidate for molecular pathogenesis of ASD through the associated NLGN-PSD-95 receptor complex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-015-0012-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Fujita-Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan.,Medical Research Center, International University of Welfare and Health, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, 3248501 Japan
| | - Yuko Tanabe
- Medical Research Center, International University of Welfare and Health, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, 3248501 Japan
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 100004 Liaoning China
| | - Karin Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan
| | - Masato Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan.,Medical Biochemical Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan
| | - Mariko Y Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 3290498 Japan.,Medical Research Center, International University of Welfare and Health, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, 3248501 Japan
| | - Takashi Momoi
- Medical Research Center, International University of Welfare and Health, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, 3248501 Japan
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20
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Kitagishi Y, Minami A, Nakanishi A, Ogura Y, Matsuda S. Neuron membrane trafficking and protein kinases involved in autism and ADHD. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3095-115. [PMID: 25647412 PMCID: PMC4346882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A brain-enriched multi-domain scaffolding protein, neurobeachin has been identified as a candidate gene for autism patients. Mutations in the synaptic adhesion protein cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) are also associated with autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder of uncertain molecular origin. Potential roles of neurobeachin and CADM1 have been suggested to a function of vesicle transport in endosomal trafficking. It seems that protein kinase B (AKT) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) have key roles in the neuron membrane trafficking involved in the pathogenesis of autism. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is documented to dopaminergic insufficiencies, which is attributed to synaptic dysfunction of dopamine transporter (DAT). AKT is also essential for the DAT cell-surface redistribution. In the present paper, we summarize and discuss the importance of several protein kinases that regulate the membrane trafficking involved in autism and ADHD, suggesting new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ogura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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21
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Frei JA, Stoeckli ET. SynCAMs extend their functions beyond the synapse. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1752-60. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine A. Frei
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Esther T. Stoeckli
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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22
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Nguyen M, Roth A, Kyzar EJ, Poudel MK, Wong K, Stewart AM, Kalueff AV. Decoding the contribution of dopaminergic genes and pathways to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neurochem Int 2014; 66:15-26. [PMID: 24412511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a debilitating brain illness causing social deficits, delayed development and repetitive behaviors. ASD is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with poorly understood and complex etiology. The central dopaminergic system is strongly implicated in ASD pathogenesis. Genes encoding various elements of this system (including dopamine receptors, the dopamine transporter or enzymes of synthesis and catabolism) have been linked to ASD. Here, we comprehensively evaluate known molecular interactors of dopaminergic genes, and identify their potential molecular partners within up/down-steam signaling pathways associated with dopamine. These in silico analyses allowed us to construct a map of molecular pathways, regulated by dopamine and involved in ASD. Clustering these pathways reveals groups of genes associated with dopamine metabolism, encoding proteins that control dopamine neurotransmission, cytoskeletal processes, synaptic release, Ca(2+) signaling, as well as the adenosine, glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric systems. Overall, our analyses emphasize the important role of the dopaminergic system in ASD, and implicate several cellular signaling processes in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Andrew Roth
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood Street, Room 165 CME, M/C 783, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manoj K Poudel
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Keith Wong
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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23
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Shevelkin AV, Ihenatu C, Pletnikov MV. Pre-clinical models of neurodevelopmental disorders: focus on the cerebellum. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:177-94. [PMID: 24523305 PMCID: PMC4052755 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor behaviors. Abnormalities in the cerebellar structure have been demonstrated to produce changes in emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors resembling clinical manifestations observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Several animal models have been used to evaluate the effects of relevant environmental and genetic risk factors on the cerebellum development and function. However, very few models of ASD and schizophrenia selectively target the cerebellum and/or specific cell types within this structure. In this review, we critically evaluate the strength and weaknesses of these models. We will propose that the future progress in this field will require time- and cell type-specific manipulations of disease-relevant genes, not only selectively in the cerebellum, but also in frontal brain areas connected with the cerebellum. Such information can advance our knowledge of the cerebellar contribution to non-motor behaviors in mental health and disease.
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24
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Genetic deletion of Cadm4 results in myelin abnormalities resembling Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. J Neurosci 2013; 33:10950-61. [PMID: 23825401 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0571-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between myelinating Schwann cells and the axons they ensheath is mediated by cell adhesion molecules of the Cadm/Necl/SynCAM family. This family consists of four members: Cadm4/Necl4 and Cadm1/Necl2 are found in both glia and axons, whereas Cadm2/Necl3 and Cadm3/Necl1 are expressed by sensory and motor neurons. By generating mice lacking each of the Cadm genes, we now demonstrate that Cadm4 plays a role in the establishment of the myelin unit in the peripheral nervous system. Mice lacking Cadm4 (PGK-Cre/Cadm4(fl/fl)), but not Cadm1, Cadm2, or Cadm3, develop focal hypermyelination characterized by tomacula and myelin outfoldings, which are the hallmark of several Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. The absence of Cadm4 also resulted in abnormal axon-glial contact and redistribution of ion channels along the axon. These neuropathological features were also found in transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of Cadm4 lacking its cytoplasmic domain in myelinating glia Tg(mbp-Cadm4dCT), as well as in mice lacking Cadm4 specifically in Schwann cells (DHH-Cre/Cadm4(fl/fl)). Consistent with these abnormalities, both PGK-Cre/Cadm4(fl/fl) and Tg(mbp-Cadm4dCT) mice exhibit impaired motor function and slower nerve conduction velocity. These findings indicate that Cadm4 regulates the growth of the myelin unit and the organization of the underlying axonal membrane.
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25
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Tanabe Y, Fujita E, Hayashi YK, Zhu X, Lubbert H, Mezaki Y, Senoo H, Momoi T. Synaptic adhesion molecules in Cadm family at the neuromuscular junction. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:731-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tanabe
- Center for Medical Science; International University of Health and Welfare; Kitakanamaru, Otawara, Tochigi; Japan
| | | | - Yukiko K. Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo; Japan
| | - Xinran Zhu
- Department of Animal Physiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum; Germany
| | - Hermann Lubbert
- Department of Animal Physiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum; Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Mezaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Hondo, Akita; Japan
| | - Haruki Senoo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Hondo, Akita; Japan
| | - Takashi Momoi
- Center for Medical Science; International University of Health and Welfare; Kitakanamaru, Otawara, Tochigi; Japan
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