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Whitfield JF, Rennie K, Chakravarthy B. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Possible Evolutionary Origin: Hypothesis. Cells 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37371088 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous, 2-3-million-year evolutionary expansion of hominin neocortices to the current enormity enabled humans to take over the planet. However, there appears to have been a glitch, and it occurred without a compensatory expansion of the entorhinal cortical (EC) gateway to the hippocampal memory-encoding system needed to manage the processing of the increasing volume of neocortical data converging on it. The resulting age-dependent connectopathic glitch was unnoticed by the early short-lived populations. It has now surfaced as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in today's long-lived populations. With advancing age, processing of the converging neocortical data by the neurons of the relatively small lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) inflicts persistent strain and high energy costs on these cells. This may result in their hyper-release of harmless Aβ1-42 monomers into the interstitial fluid, where they seed the formation of toxic amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) that initiate AD. At the core of connectopathic AD are the postsynaptic cellular prion protein (PrPC). Electrostatic binding of the negatively charged AβOs to the positively charged N-terminus of PrPC induces hyperphosphorylation of tau that destroys synapses. The spread of these accumulating AβOs from ground zero is supported by Aβ's own production mediated by target cells' Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs). These data suggest that an early administration of a strongly positively charged, AβOs-interacting peptide or protein, plus an inhibitor of CaSR, might be an effective AD-arresting therapeutic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Whitfield
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kerry Rennie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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Sun T, Zeng L, Cai Z, Liu Q, Li Z, Liu R. Comprehensive analysis of dysregulated circular RNAs and construction of a ceRNA network involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in a 5 × FAD mouse model. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1020699. [PMID: 36466608 PMCID: PMC9712785 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes a decline in cognitive function that poses a significant hazard to human health. However, the exact pathogenesis of AD and effective treatment have both proven elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which were initially deemed as meaningless non-coding RNAs, have been shown to participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, the variations and characteristics of circRNAs are not fairly well understood during the occurrence and development of AD. METHODS In this study, we performed RNA sequencing analyses, identified circRNA expression profiles, and explored the circRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) relationship in the hippocampus of five familial AD (5 × FAD) mice with cognitive dysfunction. RESULTS The RNA sequencing results identified 34 dysregulated circRNAs in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice, including 17 upregulated and 17 downregulated circRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA interaction network for the dysregulated circRNAs was generated, and it was found to include 34 circRNAs and 711 miRNAs. Next, 2067 mRNAs potentially modulated by upregulated circRNA-interacting miRNAs and 2297 mRNAs potentially modulated by downregulated circRNA-interacting miRNAs were identified. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network modulated AD development via multiple pathways, such as axon guidance, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and neurotrophin. The associated biological processes were mainly related to neuron projection development, cell morphogenesis, and head development. Their corresponding distributions were especially high in the axon, postsynapse, and neuronal body. We constructed a ceRNA network that included five circRNAs, four miRNAs, and 188 mRNAs. In this network, the differential expressions of three circRNAs (circRNA04655, circRNA00723, and circRNA01891), two miRNAs (miR-3470b and miR-6240), and 13 mRNAs (Vgll3, Nhsl2, Rab7, Tardbp, Vps33b, Fam107a, Tacr1, Ankrd40, Creb1, Snap23, Csnk1a1, Bmi1, and Bfar) in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice using qRT-PCR analyses were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Another one circRNAs (circRNA00747) and two mRNAs (Zfp37 and Polr1e) had similar expression trends to the sequencing data, while circRNA03723 and Mapk10 had deviated expression trends to the sequencing data. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study uncovered dysregulated circRNA expression profiles in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice, stretched comprehension of ceRNA biology, investigated the potential role of this ceRNA network in pathogenesis and progression, and identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdi Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmarcy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect of a Blood-Brain Barrier-Crossing Fusion Protein Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat and Dog. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1497-1507. [PMID: 35704250 PMCID: PMC9246806 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently demonstrated the brain-delivery of an Amyloid-ß oligomer (Aßo)-binding peptide-therapeutic fused to the BBB-crossing single domain antibody FC5. The bi-functional fusion protein, FC5-mFc-ABP (KG207-M) lowered both CSF and brain Aß levels after systemic dosing in transgenic mouse and rat models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For development as a human therapeutic, we have humanized and further engineered the fusion protein named KG207-H. The purpose of the present study was to carry out comparative PK/PD studies of KG207-H in wild type rat and beagle dogs (middle-aged and older) to determine comparability of systemic PK and CSF exposure between rodent species and larger animals with more complex brain structure such as dogs. METHOD Beagle dogs were used in this study as they accumulate cerebral Aß with age, as seen in human AD patients, and can serve as a model of sporadic AD. KG207-H (5 to 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and serum and CSF samples were serially collected for PK studies and to assess target engagement. KG207-H and Aβ levels were quantified using multiplexed selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. RESULTS After systemic dosing, KG207-H demonstrated similar serum pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs. KG207-H appeared in the CSF in a time- and dose-dependent manner with similar kinetics, indicating CNS exposure. Further analyses revealed a dose-dependent inverse relationship between CSF KG207-H and Aß levels in both species indicating target engagement. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates translational attributes of BBB-crossing Aβ-targeting biotherapeutic KG207-H in eliciting a pharmacodynamic response, from rodents to larger animal species.
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Kang MS, Shin M, Ottoy J, Aliaga AA, Mathotaarachchi S, Quispialaya K, Pascoal TA, Collins DL, Chakravarty MM, Mathieu A, Sandelius Å, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Massarweh G, Soucy JP, Cuello AC, Gauthier S, Waterston M, Yoganathan N, Lessard E, Haqqani A, Rennie K, Stanimirovic D, Chakravarthy B, Rosa-Neto P. Preclinical in vivo longitudinal assessment of KG207-M as a disease-modifying Alzheimer's disease therapeutic. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:788-801. [PMID: 34378436 PMCID: PMC9014686 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211035625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vivo biomarker abnormalities provide measures to monitor therapeutic interventions targeting amyloid-β pathology as well as its effects on downstream processes associated with Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Here, we applied an in vivo longitudinal study design combined with imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, mirroring those used in human clinical trials to assess the efficacy of a novel brain-penetrating anti-amyloid fusion protein treatment in the McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rat model. The bi-functional fusion protein consisted of a blood-brain barrier crossing single domain antibody (FC5) fused to an amyloid-β oligomer-binding peptide (ABP) via Fc fragment of mouse IgG (FC5-mFc2a-ABP). A five-week treatment with FC5-mFc2a-ABP (loading dose of 30 mg/Kg/iv followed by 15 mg/Kg/week/iv for four weeks) substantially reduced brain amyloid-β levels as measured by positron emission tomography and increased the cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42/40 ratio. In addition, the 5-week treatment rectified the cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain concentrations, resting-state functional connectivity, and hippocampal atrophy measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, FC5-mFc2a-ABP (referred to as KG207-M) treatment did not induce amyloid-related imaging abnormalities such as microhemorrhage. Together, this study demonstrates the translational values of the designed preclinical studies for the assessment of novel therapies based on the clinical biomarkers providing tangible metrics for designing early-stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su Kang
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monica Shin
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie Ottoy
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arturo Aliaga Aliaga
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sulantha Mathotaarachchi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kely Quispialaya
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Axel Mathieu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Åsa Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Etienne Lessard
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arsalan Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kerry Rennie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Danica Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studying in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Liu WN, Wu KX, Wang XT, Lin LR, Tong ML, Liu LL. LncRNA- ENST00000421645 promotes T cells to secrete IFN-γ by sponging PCM1 in neurosyphilis. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1187-1203. [PMID: 34382410 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Neurosyphilis patients exhibited significant expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. In this study, we further clarified the role of lncRNA-ENST00000421645 in the pathogenic mechanism of neurosyphilis. Methods: lncRNA-ENST00000421645 was transfected into Jurkat-E6-1 cells, namely lentivirus (Lv)-1645 cells. RNA pull-down assay, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, ELISA (Neobioscience Technology Co Ltd, Shenzhen, China) and RNA immunoprecipitation chip assay were used to analyze the function of lncRNA-ENST00000421645. Results: The expression of IFN-γ in Lv-1645 cells was significantly increased compared to that in Jurkat-E6-1 cells stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Then, it was suggested that lncRNA-ENST00000421645 interacts with PCM1 protein. Silencing PCM1 significantly increased the level of IFN-γ in Lv-1645 cells stimulated by PMA. Conclusion: This study revealed that lncRNA-ENST00000421645 mediates the production of IFN-γ by sponging PCM1 protein after PMA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Na Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Man-Li Tong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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Zhang Y, Ren B, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhao C, Zheng J. Design principles and fundamental understanding of biosensors for amyloid-β detection. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6179-6196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aβ as biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drives the significant research efforts for developing different biosensors with different sensing strategies, materials, and mechanisms for Aβ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Alabama
- USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
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7
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Ryan P, Patel B, Makwana V, Jadhav HR, Kiefel M, Davey A, Reekie TA, Rudrawar S, Kassiou M. Peptides, Peptidomimetics, and Carbohydrate-Peptide Conjugates as Amyloidogenic Aggregation Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1530-1551. [PMID: 29782794 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases. For many years, AD causality was attributed to amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregated species. Recently, multiple therapies that target Aβ aggregation have failed in clinical trials, since Aβ aggregation is found in AD and healthy patients. Attention has therefore shifted toward the aggregation of the tau protein as a major driver of AD. Numerous inhibitors of tau-based pathology have recently been developed. Diagnosis of AD has shifted from measuring late stage senile plaques to early stage biomarkers, amyloid-β and tau monomers and oligomeric assemblies. Synthetic peptides and some derivative structures are being explored for use as theranostic tools as they possess the capacity both to bind the biomarkers and to inhibit their pathological self-assembly. Several studies have demonstrated that O-linked glycoside addition can significantly alter amyloid aggregation kinetics. Furthermore, natural O-glycosylation of amyloid-forming proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau, and α-synuclein, promotes alternative nonamyloidogenic processing pathways. As such, glycopeptides and related peptidomimetics are being investigated within the AD field. Here we review advancements made in the last 5 years, as well as the arrival of sugar-based derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ryan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Bhautikkumar Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Hemant R. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Milton Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Andrew Davey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Barr RK, Verdile G, Wijaya LK, Morici M, Taddei K, Gupta VB, Pedrini S, Jin L, Nicolazzo JA, Knock E, Fraser PE, Martins RN. Validation and Characterization of a Novel Peptide That Binds Monomeric and Aggregated β-Amyloid and Inhibits the Formation of Neurotoxic Oligomers. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:547-59. [PMID: 26538562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), the soluble oligomers rather than the mature amyloid fibrils most likely contribute to Aβ toxicity and neurodegeneration. Thus, the discovery of agents targeting soluble Aβ oligomers is highly desirable for early diagnosis prior to the manifestation of a clinical AD phenotype and also more effective therapies. We have previously reported that a novel 15-amino acid peptide (15-mer), isolated via phage display screening, targeted Aβ and attenuated its neurotoxicity (Taddei, K., Laws, S. M., Verdile, G., Munns, S., D'Costa, K., Harvey, A. R., Martins, I. J., Hill, F., Levy, E., Shaw, J. E., and Martins, R. N. (2010) Neurobiol. Aging 31, 203-214). The aim of the current study was to generate and biochemically characterize analogues of this peptide with improved stability and therapeutic potential. We demonstrated that a stable analogue of the 15-amino acid peptide (15M S.A.) retained the activity and potency of the parent peptide and demonstrated improved proteolytic resistance in vitro (stable to t = 300 min, c.f. t = 30 min for the parent peptide). This candidate reduced the formation of soluble Aβ42 oligomers, with the concurrent generation of non-toxic, insoluble aggregates measuring up to 25-30 nm diameter as determined by atomic force microscopy. The 15M S.A. candidate directly interacted with oligomeric Aβ42, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance/Biacore analysis, with an affinity in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, this peptide bound fibrillar Aβ42 and also stained plaques ex vivo in brain tissue from AD model mice. Given its multifaceted ability to target monomeric and aggregated Aβ42 species, this candidate holds promise for novel preclinical AD imaging and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae K Barr
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Alzhyme Pty Ltd., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- the School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Ave., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, the School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009,
| | - Linda K Wijaya
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027
| | - Michael Morici
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027
| | - Kevin Taddei
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Ave., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009
| | - Veer B Gupta
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Alzhyme Pty Ltd., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Ave., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009
| | - Steve Pedrini
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Alzhyme Pty Ltd., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Ave., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009
| | - Liang Jin
- the Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, and
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- the Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, and
| | - Erin Knock
- the University of Toronto, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- the University of Toronto, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ralph N Martins
- From the Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr., Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Alzhyme Pty Ltd., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Ave., Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, the School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009,
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9
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Whitfield JF, Chiarini A, Dal Prà I, Armato U, Chakravarthy B. The Possible Roles of the Dentate Granule Cell's Leptin and Other Ciliary Receptors in Alzheimer's Neuropathology. Cells 2015; 4:253-74. [PMID: 26184316 PMCID: PMC4588035 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentate-gyral granule cells in the hippocampus plus dentate gyrus memory-recording/retrieving machine, unlike most other neurons in the brain, are continuously being generated in the adult brain with the important task of separating overlapping patterns of data streaming in from the outside world via the entorhinal cortex. This "adult neurogenesis" is driven by tools in the mature granule cell's cilium. Here we report our discovery of leptin's LepRb receptor in this cilium. In addition, we discuss how ciliary LepRb signaling might be involved with ciliary p75NTR and SSTR3 receptors in adult neurogenesis and memory formation as well as attenuation of Alzheimer's neuropathology by reducing the production of its toxic amyloid-β-derived drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Whitfield
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 8 Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Venetia 37134, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 8 Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Venetia 37134, Italy.
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 8 Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Venetia 37134, Italy.
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
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10
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Chakravarthy B, Ito S, Atkinson T, Gaudet C, Ménard M, Brown L, Whitfield J. Evidence that a synthetic amyloid-ß oligomer-binding peptide (ABP) targets amyloid-ß deposits in transgenic mouse brain and human Alzheimer’s disease brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:656-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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