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Ansari MM, Sahu SK, Singh TG, Singh SRJ, Kaur P. Evolving significance of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176816. [PMID: 39038637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative problem with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive function disorders resulting in the imbalance of neurotransmitter activity and signaling progression, which poses the need of the potential therapeutic target to improve the intracellular signaling cascade brought by kinases. Protein kinase plays a significant and multifaceted role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, by targeting pathological mechanisms like tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta production and synaptic dysfunction. In this review, we thoroughly explore the essential protein kinases involved in Alzheimer's disease, detailing their physiological roles, regulatory impacts, and the newest inhibitors and compounds that are progressing into clinical trials. All the findings of studies exhibited the promising role of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. However, it still poses the need of addressing current challenges and opportunities involved with this disorder for the future perspective of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Further study includes the development of biomarkers, combination therapy, and next-generation kinase inhibitors with increased potency and selectivity for its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mustafiz Ansari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sovia R J Singh
- University Language Centre- Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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2
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Dunning EE, Decourt B, Zawia NH, Shill HA, Sabbagh MN. Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:975-1013. [PMID: 38743312 PMCID: PMC11263316 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the deposition of misfolded and neurotoxic forms of tau protein in specific areas of the midbrain, basal ganglia, and cortex. It is one of the most representative forms of tauopathy. PSP presents in several different phenotypic variations and is often accompanied by the development of concurrent neurodegenerative disorders. PSP is universally fatal, and effective disease-modifying therapies for PSP have not yet been identified. Several tau-targeting treatment modalities, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and microtubule-stabilizing agents, have been investigated and have had no efficacy. The need to treat PSP and other tauopathies is critical, and many clinical trials investigating tau-targeted treatments are underway. In this review, the PubMed database was queried to collect information about preclinical and clinical research on PSP treatment. Additionally, the US National Library of Medicine's ClinicalTrials.gov website was queried to identify past and ongoing clinical trials relevant to PSP treatment. This narrative review summarizes our findings regarding these reports, which include potential disease-modifying drug trials, modifiable risk factor management, and symptom treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise E Dunning
- Creighton University School of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Boris Decourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Laboratory on Neurodegeneration and Translational Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Nasser H Zawia
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Holly A Shill
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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3
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, Debsharma S, Bandyopadhyay U. Induction of mitochondrial toxicity by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): The ultimate trade-off governing the therapeutic merits and demerits of these wonder drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116283. [PMID: 38750902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are most extensively used over-the-counter FDA-approved analgesic medicines for treating inflammation, musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, pyrexia and menstrual cramps. Moreover, aspirin is widely used against cardiovascular complications. Owing to their non-addictive nature, NSAIDs are also commissioned as safer opioid-sparing alternatives in acute trauma and post-surgical treatments. In fact, therapeutic spectrum of NSAIDs is expanding. These "wonder-drugs" are now repurposed against lung diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, fungal infections and most notably cancer, due to their efficacy against chemoresistance, radio-resistance and cancer stem cells. However, prolonged NSAID treatment accompany several adverse effects. Mechanistically, apart from cyclooxygenase inhibition, NSAIDs directly target mitochondria to induce cell death. Interestingly, there are also incidences of dose-dependent effects where NSAIDs are found to improve mitochondrial health thereby suggesting plausible mitohormesis. While mitochondria-targeted effects of NSAIDs are discretely studied, a comprehensive account emphasizing the multiple dimensions in which NSAIDs affect mitochondrial structure-function integrity, leading to cell death, is lacking. This review discusses the current understanding of NSAID-mitochondria interactions in the pathophysiological background. This is essential for assessing the risk-benefit trade-offs of NSAIDs for judiciously strategizing NSAID-based approaches to manage pain and inflammation as well as formulating effective anti-cancer strategies. We also discuss recent developments constituting selective mitochondria-targeted NSAIDs including theranostics, mitocans, chimeric small molecules, prodrugs and nanomedicines that rationally optimize safer application of NSAIDs. Thus, we present a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic merits and demerits of NSAIDs with mitochondria at its cross roads. This would help in NSAID-based disease management research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Theodosis-Nobelos P, Marc G, Rekka EA. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and NSAID Derivatives with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Plasma Lipid Lowering Effects. Molecules 2024; 29:1016. [PMID: 38474528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amides containing methyl esters of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-proline and L-tyrosine, and esters containing 3-(pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-ol were synthesized by conjugation with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic, an NSAID (tolfenamic acid), or 3-phenylacrylic (cinnamic, (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic and caffeic) acids. The rationale for the conjugation of such moieties was based on the design of structures with two or more molecular characteristics. The novel compounds were tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. Several compounds were potent antioxidants, comparable to the well-known antioxidant, Trolox. In addition, the radical scavenging activity of compound 6 reached levels that were slightly better than that of Trolox. All the tested compounds demonstrated remarkable activity in the reduction in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, up to 59% (compound 2, a dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, with almost 2.5-times higher activity in this experiment than the parent NSAID). Additionally, the compounds caused a significant decrease in the plasma lipidemic indices in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Compound 2 decreased total cholesterol by 75.1% and compound 3 decreased triglycerides by 79.3% at 150 μmol/kg (i.p.). The hypocholesterolemic effect of the compounds was comparable to that of simvastatin, a well-known hypocholesterolemic drug. Additionally, all compounds lowered blood triglycerides. The synthesized compounds with multiple activities, as designed, may be useful as potential candidates for conditions involving inflammation, lipidemic deregulation and oxygen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, RO-400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eleni A Rekka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Hill J, Shalaby KE, Bihaqi SW, Alansi BH, Barlock B, Parang K, Thompson R, Ouararhni K, Zawia NH. Tolfenamic Acid Derivatives: A New Class of Transcriptional Modulators with Potential Therapeutic Applications for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15216. [PMID: 37894896 PMCID: PMC10607430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has witnessed recent breakthroughs in the development of disease-modifying biologics and diagnostic markers. While immunotherapeutic interventions have provided much-awaited solutions, nucleic acid-based tools represent other avenues of intervention; however, these approaches are costly and invasive, and they have serious side effects. Previously, we have shown in AD animal models that tolfenamic acid (TA) can lower the expression of AD-related genes and their products and subsequently reduce pathological burden and improve cognition. Using TA as a scaffold and the zinc finger domain of SP1 as a pharmacophore, we developed safer and more potent brain-penetrating analogs that interfere with sequence-specific DNA binding at transcription start sites and predominantly modulate the expression of SP1 target genes. More importantly, the proteome of treated cells displayed ~75% of the downregulated products as SP1 targets. Specific levels of SP1-driven genes and AD biomarkers such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau proteins were also decreased as part of this targeted systemic response. These small molecules, therefore, offer a viable alternative to achieving desired therapeutic outcomes by interfering with both amyloid and Tau pathways with limited off-target systemic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaunetta Hill
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.H.); (S.W.B.); (B.H.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Karim E. Shalaby
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (K.E.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Syed W. Bihaqi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.H.); (S.W.B.); (B.H.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Bothaina H. Alansi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.H.); (S.W.B.); (B.H.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Benjamin Barlock
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.H.); (S.W.B.); (B.H.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Richard Thompson
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (K.E.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Khalid Ouararhni
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (K.E.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Nasser H. Zawia
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.H.); (S.W.B.); (B.H.A.); (B.B.)
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (K.E.S.); (K.O.)
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Division, College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
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6
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Stopschinski BE, Weideman RA, McMahan D, Jacob DA, Little BB, Chiang HS, Saez Calveras N, Stuve O. Microglia as a cellular target of diclofenac therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231156674. [PMID: 36875711 PMCID: PMC9974624 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231156674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an untreatable cause of dementia, and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. AD pathology is defined by extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Research of the past decades has suggested that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD. This has led to the idea that anti-inflammatory treatments might be beneficial. Early studies investigated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as indomethacin, celecoxib, ibuprofen, and naproxen, which had no benefit. More recently, protective effects of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group have been reported. Diclofenac decreased the frequency of AD significantly compared to other NSAIDs in a large retrospective cohort study. Diclofenac and fenamates share similar chemical structures, and evidence from cell and mouse models suggests that they inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from microglia with leads to the reduction of AD pathology. Here, we review the potential role of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group for targeting AD pathology with a focus on its potential effects on microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Stopschinski
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Danni McMahan
- Pharmacy Service, Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A Jacob
- Veterans Integrated Service Network 17, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Bertis B Little
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nil Saez Calveras
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Neurology Section, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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7
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Islam M, Shen F, Regmi D, Du D. Therapeutic strategies for tauopathies and drug repurposing as a potential approach. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114979. [PMID: 35219701 PMCID: PMC9159505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau in the brain. To date, there are no disease-modifying therapies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the treatment of tauopathies. In the past decades, extensive efforts have been provided to develop disease-modifying therapies to treat tauopathies. Specifically, exploring existing drugs with the intent of repurposing for the treatment of tauopathies affords a reasonable alternative to discover potent drugs for treating these formidable diseases. Drug repurposing will not only reduce formulation and development stage effort and cost but will also take a key advantage of the established toxicological studies, which is one of the main causes of clinical trial failure of new molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of the current treatment strategies for tauopathies and the recent progress in drug repurposing as an alternative approach to treat tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - Fengyun Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Deepika Regmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
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8
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Mitochondrial dynamics in the neonatal brain - a potential target following injury? Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231001. [PMID: 35319070 PMCID: PMC8965818 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of birth asphyxia and its sequelae, hypoxic–ischaemic (HI) brain injury, is long-lasting and significant, both for the infant and for their family. Treatment options are limited to therapeutic hypothermia, which is not universally successful and is unavailable in low resource settings. The energy deficits that accompany neuronal death following interruption of blood flow to the brain implicate mitochondrial dysfunction. Such HI insults trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation leading to release of pro-apoptotic proteins into the cytosol and cell death. More recently, key players in mitochondrial fission and fusion have been identified as targets following HI brain injury. This review aims to provide an introduction to the molecular players and pathways driving mitochondrial dynamics, the regulation of these pathways and how they are altered following HI insult. Finally, we review progress on repurposing or repositioning drugs already approved for other indications, which may target mitochondrial dynamics and provide promising avenues for intervention following brain injury. Such repurposing may provide a mechanism to fast-track, low-cost treatment options to the clinic.
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9
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Role of the Abcg2 transporter in plasma levels and tissue accumulation of the anti-inflammatory tolfenamic acid in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109537. [PMID: 34062171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter that is expressed in the apical membrane of cells from relevant tissues involved in drug pharmacokinetics such as liver, intestine, kidney, testis, brain and mammary gland, among others. Tolfenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic in humans and animals. Recently, tolfenamic acid has been repurposed as an antitumoral drug and for use in chronic human diseases such as Alzheimer. The aim of this work was to study whether tolfenamic acid is an in vitro Abcg2 substrate, and to investigate the potential role of Abcg2 in plasma exposure, secretion into milk and tissue accumulation of this drug. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with Abcg2, we showed that tolfenamic acid is an in vitro substrate of Abcg2. The in vivo effect of this transporter was tested using wild-type and Abcg2-/- mice, showing that after oral and intravenous administration of tolfenamic acid, its area under the plasma concentration-time curve in Abcg2-/- mice was between 1.7 and 1.8-fold higher compared to wild-type mice. Abcg2-/- mice also showed higher liver and testis accumulation of tolfenamic acid after intravenous administration. In this study, we demonstrate that tolfenamic acid is transported in vitro by Abcg2 and that its plasma levels as well as its tissue distribution are affected by Abcg2, with potential pharmacological and toxicological consequences.
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Giunta M, Solje E, Gardoni F, Borroni B, Benussi A. Experimental Disease-Modifying Agents for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:359-376. [PMID: 33790662 PMCID: PMC8005747 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s262352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, enclosing a wide range of different pathological entities, associated with the accumulation of proteins such as tau and TPD-43. Characterized by a high hereditability, mutations in three main genes, MAPT, GRN and C9orf72, can drive the neurodegenerative process. The connection between different genes and proteinopathies through specific mechanisms has shed light on the pathophysiology of the disease, leading to the identification of potential pharmacological targets. New experimental strategies are emerging, in both preclinical and clinical settings, which focus on small molecules rather than gene therapy. In this review, we provide an insight into the aberrant mechanisms leading to FTLD-related proteinopathies and discuss recent therapies with the potential to ameliorate neurodegeneration and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Giunta
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Hill J, Zawia NH. Fenamates as Potential Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:702. [PMID: 33809987 PMCID: PMC8004804 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are desperately lacking treatment options. It is imperative that drug repurposing be considered in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases. Fenamates have been studied for efficacy in treating several neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively present the past and current research on fenamates in the context of neurodegenerative diseases with a special emphasis on tolfenamic acid and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, this review discusses the major molecular pathways modulated by fenamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaunetta Hill
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
| | - Nasser H. Zawia
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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12
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Aleo SJ, Del Dotto V, Fogazza M, Maresca A, Lodi T, Goffrini P, Ghelli A, Rugolo M, Carelli V, Baruffini E, Zanna C. Drug repositioning as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerations associated with OPA1 mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3631-3645. [PMID: 33231680 PMCID: PMC7823107 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OPA1 mutations are the major cause of dominant optic atrophy (DOA) and the syndromic form DOA plus, pathologies for which there is no established cure. We used a ‘drug repurposing’ approach to identify FDA-approved molecules able to rescue the mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by OPA1 mutations. We screened two different chemical libraries by using two yeast strains carrying the mgm1I322M and the chim3P646L mutations, identifying 26 drugs able to rescue their oxidative growth phenotype. Six of them, able to reduce the mitochondrial DNA instability in yeast, have been then tested in Opa1 deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing the human OPA1 isoform 1 bearing the R445H and D603H mutations. Some of these molecules were able to ameliorate the energetic functions and/or the mitochondrial network morphology, depending on the type of OPA1 mutation. The final validation has been performed in patients’ fibroblasts, allowing to select the most effective molecules. Our current results are instrumental to rapidly translating the findings of this drug repurposing approach into clinical trial for DOA and other neurodegenerations caused by OPA1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena J Aleo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Mario Fogazza
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lodi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Michela Rugolo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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13
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VandeVrede L, Ljubenkov PA, Rojas JC, Welch AE, Boxer AL. Four-Repeat Tauopathies: Current Management and Future Treatments. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1563-1581. [PMID: 32676851 PMCID: PMC7851277 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Four-repeat tauopathies are a neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain parenchymal accumulation of a specific isoform of the protein tau, which gives rise to a wide breadth of clinical syndromes encompassing diverse symptomatology, with the most common syndromes being progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson's and corticobasal syndrome. Despite the lack of effective disease-modifying therapies, targeted treatment of symptoms can improve quality of life for patients with 4-repeat tauopathies. However, managing these symptoms can be a daunting task, even for those familiar with the diseases, as they span motor, sensory, cognitive, affective, autonomic, and behavioral domains. This review describes current approaches to symptomatic management of common clinical symptoms in 4-repeat tauopathies with a focus on practical patient management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies, and concludes with a discussion of the history and future of disease-modifying therapeutics and clinical trials in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren VandeVrede
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Peter A Ljubenkov
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ariane E Welch
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Zhang H, Wang X, Xu P, Ji X, Chi T, Liu P, Zou L. Tolfenamic acid inhibits GSK-3β and PP2A mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease models. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:29. [PMID: 32517647 PMCID: PMC10717460 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, alleviated learning and memory deficits and decreased the expression of specificity protein 1 (SP1)-mediated cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5), a major protein kinase that regulates hyperphosphorylated tau, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice. However, whether tolfenamic acid can regulate the major tau protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), or tau protein phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), further inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of tau, remains unknown. To this end, tolfenamic acid was administered i.p. in a GSK-3β overactivation postnatal rat model and orally in mice after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of okadaic acid (OA) to develop a PP2A inhibition model. We used four behavioural experiments to evaluate memory function in ICV-OA mice. In this study, tolfenamic acid attenuated memory dysfunction. Tolfenamic acid decreased the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain by inhibiting GSK-3β activity, decreasing phosphorylated PP2A (Tyr307), and enhancing PP2A activity. Tolfenamic acid also increased wortmannin (WT) and GF-109203X (GFX) induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9) and prevented OA-induced downregulation of PP2A activity in PC12 cells. Altogether, these results show that tolfenamic acid not only decreased SP1/CDK5-mediated tau phosphorylation, but also inhibited GSK-3β and PP2A-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Andleeb S, Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Anwar Z, Ahmad I. Development and validation of a spectrofluorimetric method for the analysis of tolfenamic acid in pure and tablet dosage form. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1017-1027. [PMID: 32419348 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid (TA) is commonly used in humans and animals because of its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. So far, no study has been carried out to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric method for determination of TA. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and validate a simple, accurate, rapid, economical, and precise spectrofluorimetric method to assay TA in its pure and dosage forms, and also in degraded solutions. The fluorimetric method had higher sensitivity compared with the spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography methods and could determine the drug at the microgram level. Optimum pH of TA for maximum fluorescence intensity was 3, and its two pKa values were calculated as 1.95 and 4.05. The proposed method was validated according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation, and parameters such as linearity, range, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, specificity, and solution stability were tested. Stress-induced degradation studies on TA did not affect the accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The results obtained indicated that the method was linear over the concentration range 0.2-0.9 × 10-3 M with good accuracy, precision, and robustness for assay of TA in its pure and its tablet dosage forms and was comparable statistically with the British Pharmacopoeia method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomaiza Andleeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, -75340, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, -75340, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, -75340, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, -75340, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, -75340, Pakistan
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16
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Park JH, Cho HE, Kim JH, Wall MM, Stern Y, Lim H, Yoo S, Kim HS, Cha J. Machine learning prediction of incidence of Alzheimer's disease using large-scale administrative health data. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:46. [PMID: 32258428 PMCID: PMC7099065 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nationwide population-based cohort provides a new opportunity to build an automated risk prediction model based on individuals' history of health and healthcare beyond existing risk prediction models. We tested the possibility of machine learning models to predict future incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using large-scale administrative health data. From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2002 and 2010, we obtained de-identified health data in elders above 65 years (N = 40,736) containing 4,894 unique clinical features including ICD-10 codes, medication codes, laboratory values, history of personal and family illness and socio-demographics. To define incident AD we considered two operational definitions: "definite AD" with diagnostic codes and dementia medication (n = 614) and "probable AD" with only diagnosis (n = 2026). We trained and validated random forest, support vector machine and logistic regression to predict incident AD in 1, 2, 3, and 4 subsequent years. For predicting future incidence of AD in balanced samples (bootstrapping), the machine learning models showed reasonable performance in 1-year prediction with AUC of 0.775 and 0.759, based on "definite AD" and "probable AD" outcomes, respectively; in 2-year, 0.730 and 0.693; in 3-year, 0.677 and 0.644; in 4-year, 0.725 and 0.683. The results were similar when the entire (unbalanced) samples were used. Important clinical features selected in logistic regression included hemoglobin level, age and urine protein level. This study may shed a light on the utility of the data-driven machine learning model based on large-scale administrative health data in AD risk prediction, which may enable better selection of individuals at risk for AD in clinical trials or early detection in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Park
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Han Eol Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Center, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Melanie M. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025 USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025 USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025 USA
| | - Hyunsun Lim
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Shinjae Yoo
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dementia Center, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025 USA
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Leso A, Bihaqi SW, Masoud A, Chang JK, Lahouel A, Zawia N. Loss in efficacy measures of tolfenamic acid in a tau knock-out model: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1062-1069. [PMID: 31450960 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219871249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the healthy human brain, the protein tau serves the essential function of stabilizing microtubules. However, in a diseased state, tau becomes destabilized and aggregates into a pathogenic form that ultimately creates one of the two major hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tau tangles. Multiple neurodegenerative diseases, termed tauopathies, such as Pick’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy, are also linked to mutations in tau. While AD does include a second hallmark in the form of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, to date all therapeutics aimed at these hallmark features have failed. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid (TA) has been shown to reduce the levels of multiple neurodegenerative endpoints viz amyloid precursor protein (APP), Aβ, tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and improve cognitive function, in various murine models, via a new mechanism that targets specificity protein 1 ( SP1). Sp1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor essential for the regulation of tau and CDK5 genes (among others). The impact of TA on these neurodegenerative endpoints occurred in animal models and systems in which both the tau and the APP genes were present. The experimental model utilized in this paper tested whether the same beneficial outcomes of TA can take place after the removal of endogenous murine tau. We found that the impact of TA, both molecular and behavioral, was no longer significant in the absence of the tau gene. This ability of TA occurred independently of its action on anti-inflammatory targets. Therefore, these findings suggest the essentiality of tau for the novel mechanism of action of TA. Impact statement The number of people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is expected to increase exponentially in the coming decades. It is estimated to cost the economy about $200 billion annually. With the failure of standard therapeutic approaches, there is a need to develop new drugs in order to avoid an “epidemic crisis” in the future. We have discovered that tolfenamic acid (TA) lowers the levels of proteins associated with AD, by targeting common transcriptional mechanisms that regulate genes involved in common pathogenic pathways. Here, we investigated whether TA had effects on both the amyloid and tau pathways, or whether it selectively targets one of these pathways which impacted the other. Behavioral and molecular studies revealed that TA loses its AD therapeutic potential when tau gene is removed. This ability of TA occurred independently of its action on anti-inflammatory targets. These findings suggest that tau is essential for the new action of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Leso
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Syed W Bihaqi
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Anwar Masoud
- Biochemical Technology Program, Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Thamar 87246, Yemen
| | - Joanna K Chang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Asma Lahouel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jijel University, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Nasser Zawia
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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18
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Chang JK, Leso A, Subaiea GM, Lahouel A, Masoud A, Mushtaq F, Deeb R, Eid A, Dash M, Bihaqi SW, Zawia NH. Tolfenamic Acid: A Modifier of the Tau Protein and its Role in Cognition and Tauopathy. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:655-663. [PMID: 29357795 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180119104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tangles are deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau, which are found in multiple neurodegenerative disorders that are referred to as tauopathies, of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common. Tauopathies are clinically characterized by dementia and share common cortical lesions composed of aggregates of the protein tau. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of tolfenamic acid (TA), in modifying disease processes in a transgenic animal model that carries the human tau gene (hTau). METHODS Behavioral tests, Western blotting and Immunohistochemical analysis were used to demonstrate the efficacy of TA. RESULTS Treatment of TA improved improving spatial learning deficits and memory impairments in young and aged hTau mice. Western blot analysis of the hTau protein revealed reductions in total tau as well as in sitespecific hyperphosphorylation of tau in response to TA administration. Immunohistochemical analysis for phosphorylated tau protein revealed reduced staining in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum in animals treated with TA. CONCLUSION TA holds the potential as a disease-modifying agent for the treatment of tauopathies including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Chang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Allison Leso
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Gehad M Subaiea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Lahouel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jijel University (ABH), Jijel, Algeria
| | - Anwar Masoud
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Biochemical Technology Program, Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Foqia Mushtaq
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Reem Deeb
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,George and Anne Ryan Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Aseel Eid
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Miriam Dash
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Syed W Bihaqi
- George and Anne Ryan Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Nasser H Zawia
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,George and Anne Ryan Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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Prevention of Huntington's Disease-Like Behavioral Deficits in R6/1 Mouse by Tolfenamic Acid Is Associated with Decreases in Mutant Huntingtin and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4032428. [PMID: 31049134 PMCID: PMC6458866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4032428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with neuroprotective properties, and it alleviates learning and memory deficits in the APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. However, whether tolfenamic acid can prevent motor and memory dysfunction in transgenic animal models of Huntington's disease (HD) remains unclear. To this end, tolfenamic acid was orally administered to transgenic R6/1 mice from 10 to 20 weeks of age, followed by several behavioral tests to evaluate motor and memory function. Tolfenamic acid improved motor coordination in R6/1 mice as tested by rotarod, grip strength, and locomotor behavior tests and attenuated memory dysfunction as analyzed using the novel object recognition test and passive avoidance test. Tolfenamic acid decreased the expression of mutant huntingtin in the striatum of 20-week-old R6/1 mice by inhibiting specificity protein 1 expression and enhancing autophagic function. Furthermore, tolfenamic acid exhibited antioxidant effects in both R6/1 mice and PC12 cell models. Collectively, these results suggest that tolfenamic acid has a good therapeutic effect on R6/1 mice, and may be a potentially useful agent in the treatment of HD.
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Liu P, Li Y, Liu D, Ji X, Chi T, Li L, Zou L. Tolfenamic Acid Attenuates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Alteration in Mice. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1938-1946. [PMID: 30120653 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid (TA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, shows neuroprotective effects and alleviates cognitive deficits in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. However, whether TA can prevent the biochemical alterations induced by intraperitoneal injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in mice is still unknown. In this study, the striatal lesion area was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Glutamate, SDH and ATP levels were tested using colorimetric assay kits. The neuroinflammatory cytokine levels were tested by ELISA kits. The expression of synaptic proteins and the subtypes of the NMDA receptor were tested by western blotting. TA was orally administered 10 days before 3-NP injection (pretreatment) or on the same day as 3-NP injection (co-treatment). TA pretreatment showed the strongest neuroprotective effects: pretreatment significantly attenuated the 3-NP-induced muscular weakness in the forelimb and alterations in glutamate level, mitochondrial function, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the brains of mice. These results suggest that TA has preventive and protective effects on 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinjie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, 45 Changchun Street, Xuanwu, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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21
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Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Ahmad I. Tolfenamic Acid. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2018; 43:255-319. [PMID: 29678262 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and belongs to the group of fenamates. It is used as a potent pain reliever in the treatment of acute migraine attacks, and disorders like dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis. TA has shown excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against certain ATCC strains of bacteria when complexed with bismuth(III). It has also been reported to block pathological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the recent past, TA has also been used as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of various cancers. In view of the clinical importance of TA, a comprehensive review of the physical and pharmaceutical properties and details of the various analytical methods used for the assay of the drug in pharmaceutical and biological systems has been made. The methods reviewed include identification tests and titrimetric, spectrophotometric, chromatographic, electrochemical, thermal, microscopic, enzymatic, and solid-state techniques. Along with the analytical profile, the stability and degradation of TA, its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, dosage forms and dose, adverse effects and toxicity, and interactions have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ahmed
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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22
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Tang SS, Li J, Tan L, Yu JT. Genetics of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: From the Bench to the Clinic. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1157-76. [PMID: 27104909 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with a strong genetic component. In this review, we summarize most common mutations in MAPT, GRN, and C90RF72, as well as less common mutations in VCP, CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS gene and so on. Several guidelines have been developed to help gene testing based on genotype-phenotype correlation, the underlying histopathological subtypes, and the neuroanatomic associations. Furthermore, we also summarize molecular pathways implicated by genes and novel targets for FTLD prevention and management in recent years.
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23
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Abstract
Background Although drug discoveries can provide meaningful insights and significant enhancements in pharmaceutical field, the longevity and cost that it takes can be extensive where the success rate is low. In order to circumvent the problem, there has been increased interest in ‘Drug Repositioning’ where one searches for already approved drugs that have high potential of efficacy when applied to other diseases. To increase the success rate for drug repositioning, one considers stepwise screening and experiments based on biological reactions. Given the amount of drugs and diseases, however, the one-by-one procedure may be time consuming and expensive. Methods In this study, we propose a machine learning based approach for efficiently selecting candidate diseases and drugs. We assume that if two diseases are similar, then a drug for one disease can be effective against the other disease too. For the procedure, we first construct two disease networks; one with disease-protein association and the other with disease-drug information. If two networks are dissimilar, in a sense that the edge distribution of a disease node differ, it indicates high potential for repositioning new candidate drugs for that disease. The Kullback-Leibler divergence is employed to measure difference of connections in two constructed disease networks. Lastly, we perform repositioning of drugs to the top 20% ranked diseases. Results The results showed that F-measure of the proposed method was 0.75, outperforming 0.5 of greedy searching for the entire diseases. For the utility of the proposed method, it was applied to dementia and verified 75% accuracy for repositioned drugs assuming that there are not any known drugs to be used for dementia. Conclusion This research has novelty in that it discovers drugs with high potential of repositioning based on disease networks with the quantitative measure. Through the study, it is expected to produce profound insights for possibility of undiscovered drug repositioning. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0449-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghong Park
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gi Lee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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Wei C, Zhang W, Zhou Q, Zhao C, Du Y, Yan Q, Li Z, Miao J. Mithramycin A Alleviates Cognitive Deficits and Reduces Neuropathology in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1924-38. [PMID: 27072684 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is abnormally increased in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transgenic AD models. However, whether the Sp1 activation plays a critical role in the AD pathogenesis and selective inhibition of Sp1 activation may have a disease-modifying effect on the AD-like phenotypes remain elusive. In this study, we reported that Sp1 mRNA and protein expression were markedly increased in the brain of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice, whereas chronic administration of mithramycin A (MTM), a selective Sp1 inhibitor, potently inhibited Sp1 activation in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice down to the levels of wild-type mice. Specifically, we found that MTM treatment resulted in a significant improvement of learning and memory deficits, a dramatic reduction in cerebral Aβ levels and plaque burden, a profound reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, and a marked increase in synaptic marker in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In addition, MTM treatment was powerfully effective in inhibiting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing via suppressing APP, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and presenilin-1 (PS1) mRNA and protein expression to preclude Aβ production in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, MTM treatment strongly inhibited phosphorylated CDK5 and GSK3β signal pathways to reduce tau hyperphosphorylation in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that Sp1 activation may contribute to the AD pathogenesis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of AD. The present study highlights that selective Sp1 inhibitors may be considered as disease-modifying therapeutic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institute of Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institute of Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institute of Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institute of Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Institute of Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jianting Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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