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Choi S, Choi SH, Bastola T, Park Y, Oh J, Kim KY, Hwang S, Miller YI, Ju WK. AIBP: A New Safeguard against Glaucomatous Neuroinflammation. Cells 2024; 13:198. [PMID: 38275823 PMCID: PMC10814024 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases that cause irreversible blindness. It is characterized by multifactorial degeneration of the optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in the loss of vision. Major components of glaucoma pathogenesis include glia-driven neuroinflammation and impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, leading to retinal neurodegeneration. In this review article, we summarize current evidence for the emerging role of apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as an important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factor in the retina. Due to its association with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), extracellular AIBP selectively removes excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane of inflammatory and activated cells. This results in the reduced expression of TLR4-associated, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and the inhibition of downstream inflammatory signaling. Intracellular AIBP is localized to mitochondria and modulates mitophagy through the ubiquitination of mitofusins 1 and 2. Importantly, elevated intraocular pressure induces AIBP deficiency in mouse models and in human glaucomatous retina. AIBP deficiency leads to the activation of TLR4 in Müller glia, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in both RGCs and Müller glia, and compromising visual function in a mouse model. Conversely, restoring AIBP expression in the retina reduces neuroinflammation, prevents RGCs death, and protects visual function. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of AIBP function in the retina and suggest a therapeutic potential for restoring retinal AIBP expression in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Younggun Park
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sinwoo Hwang
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
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Ye S, Agalave NM, Ma F, D Mahmood DF, Al-Grety A, Khoonsari PE, Svensson CI, Kultima K, Vera PL. Lumbosacral spinal proteomic changes during PAR4-induced persistent bladder pain. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137563. [PMID: 38036085 PMCID: PMC10929774 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Repeated intravesical activation of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) in mice results in persistent bladder hyperalgesia (BHA). We investigated spinal proteomic changes associated with persistent BHA. Persistent BHA was induced in female mice by repeated (3x; days 0,2,4; n = 9) intravesical instillation of PAR4 activating peptide (PAR4-AP) while scrambled peptide served as the control (no pain; n = 9) group. The threshold to lower abdominal von Frey stimulation was recorded prior to and during treatment. On day 7, L6-S1 spinal segments were excised and examined for proteomic changes using LC-MS/MS. In-depth, unbiased proteomic tandem-mass tag (TMT) analysis identified and relatively quantified 6739 proteins. We identified significant changes with 29 decreasing and 51 increasing proteins in the persistent BHA group and they were associated with neuroprotection, redox modulation, mitochondrial factors, and neuronal-related proteins. In an additional experiment, decreases in protein levels were confirmed by immunohistochemistry for metallothionein 1/2. Our results show that persistent bladder pain is associated with central (spinal) protein changes. Previous work showed that PAR4-induced bladder pain is mediated, at least in part by spinal MIF. Further functional studies of these top changing proteins may lead to the discovery of novel potential therapeutic targets at the spinal level to modulate persistent bladder pain. Future studies will examine the effect of spinal MIF antagonism on PAR4-induced spinal proteomics associated with persistent bladder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Ye
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Research and Development, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nilesh M Agalave
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fei Ma
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Research and Development, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dlovan F D Mahmood
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Research and Development, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Asma Al-Grety
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Payam Emani Khoonsari
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camila I Svensson
- Karolinska Institutet, Depts of Physiology & Pharmacology Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pedro L Vera
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Research and Development, Lexington, KY, USA; University of Kentucky, Dept of Physiology Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
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Prothymosin α Plays Role as a Brain Guardian through Ecto-F 1 ATPase-P2Y 12 Complex and TLR4/MD2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030496. [PMID: 36766838 PMCID: PMC9914670 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) was discovered to be a necrosis inhibitor from the conditioned medium of a primary culture of rat cortical neurons under starved conditions. This protein carries out a neuronal cell-death-mode switch from necrosis to apoptosis, which is, in turn, suppressed by a variety of neurotrophic factors (NTFs). This type of NTF-assisted survival action of ProTα is reproduced in cerebral and retinal ischemia-reperfusion models. Further studies that used a retinal ischemia-reperfusion model revealed that ProTα protects retinal cells via ecto-F1 ATPase coupled with the Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD2 coupled with a Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF). In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models, ProTα has additional survival mechanisms via an inhibition of matrix metalloproteases in microglia and vascular endothelial cells. Heterozygous or conditional ProTα knockout mice show phenotypes of anxiety, memory learning impairment, and a loss of neurogenesis. There are many reports that ProTα has multiple intracellular functions for cell survival and proliferation through a variety of protein-protein interactions. Overall, it is suggested that ProTα plays a key role as a brain guardian against ischemia stress through a cell-death-mode switch assisted by NTFs and a role of neurogenesis.
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Ueda H. Prothymosin α-derived hexapeptide prevents the brain damage and sequelae due to ischemia-hemorrhage. Peptides 2023; 160:170922. [PMID: 36496010 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ProTα discovered as a necrosis-inhibitor from the conditioned medium of cortical culture also shows a potent survival action in brain and retinal ischemia/reperfusion models. The proposed mechanisms are the initial cell death mode switch from necrosis to apoptosis, which is subsequently inhibited by neurotrophic factors in vivo. It should be noted that ProTα and its derived hexapeptide P6Q completely suppress the cerebral hemorrhage induced by late tPA treatment (4.5 h) after the brain ischemia/reperfusion. Mechanisms underlying their beneficial actions may be related to the fact that ProTα inhibits the production of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in microglia and vascular endothelial cells. However, as P6Q inhibits MMPs in vascular endothelial cells, but not in microglia, the suppression of MMP production in endothelial cells seems to play major roles in the late tPA-induced hemorrhage. Although the tPA-treatments could enable the survival of patients with stroke, the post-stroke sequelae are the next clinical issues to be solved. The use of small peptide P6Q revealed the blockade of post-stroke pain, depression and memory-learning deficits in animal models. Furthermore, recent studies also showed that P6Q supplementation increased the viability of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cell suspensions during the storage and P6Q attenuated the cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation of Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, 114201 Taipei, Taiwan
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Hu CY, Su BH, Lee YC, Wang CT, Yang ML, Shen WT, Fu JT, Chen SY, Huang WY, Ou CH, Tsai YS, Kuo FC, Shiau AL, Shieh GS, Wu CL. Interruption of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR signaling axis ameliorates chemotherapy-induced cachexia in bladder cancer. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:104. [PMID: 36471329 PMCID: PMC9724340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the first line of treatment for bladder cancer. However, cisplatin induces muscle wasting associated with NF-κB and cancer cachexia. HOTAIR, an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), promotes cancer progression in different cancers. Crosstalk between HOTAIR and NF-κB is documented. Prothymosin α (ProT) plays important roles in cancer progression and inflammation. However, the potential link between HOTAIR, ProT, and cisplatin-induced cancer cachexia remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the contribution of HOTAIR in cisplatin-induced cancer cachexia and dissected the potential signaling cascade involving the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ProT, NF-κB, and HOTAIR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of ProT and HOTAIR transcripts and their correlations in tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients and bladder cancer cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR. Next, levels of phospho-EGFR, EGFR, phospho-NF-κB, and NF-κB were examined by immunoblot analysis in human bladder cancer cells treated with cisplatin. Expression of HOTAIR in cisplatin-treated cells was also assessed by RT-qPCR. Pharmacological inhibitors and overexpression and knockdown approaches were exploited to decipher the signaling pathway. The murine C2C12 myoblasts were used as an in vitro muscle atrophy model. The syngeneic murine MBT-2 bladder tumor was used to investigate the role of mouse Hotair in cisplatin-induced cancer cachexia. RESULTS Expression of ProT and HOTAIR was higher in bladder tumors than in normal adjacent tissues. There were positive correlations between ProT and HOTAIR expression in clinical bladder tumors and bladder cancer cell lines. Cisplatin treatment increased EGFR and NF-κB activation and upregulated ProT and HOTAIR expression in bladder cancer cells. ProT overexpression increased, whereas ProT knockdown decreased, HOTAIR expression. Notably, cisplatin-induced HOTAIR upregulation was abrogated by EGFR inhibitors or ProT knockdown. ProT-induced HOTAIR overexpression was diminished by NF-κB inhibitors. HOTAIR overexpression enhanced, whereas its knockdown reduced, cell proliferation, cachexia-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and muscle atrophy. Cachexia-associated symptoms were ameliorated in mice bearing Hotair-knockdown bladder tumors undergoing cisplatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time a critical role for HOTAIR and identify the involvement of the EGFR-ProT-NF-κB-HOTAIR signaling axis in cisplatin-induced cachexia in bladder cancer and likely other cancers. Our findings also provide therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yuan Hu
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ,grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704302 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hua Su
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Che Lee
- grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan ,grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Shen
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Fu
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Chen
- grid.411636.70000 0004 0634 2167Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Huang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Ou
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704302 Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704302 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan ,grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Shing Shieh
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704302 Taiwan ,grid.454740.6Department of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan ,grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
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Watanabe M, Toyomura T, Wake H, Nishinaka T, Hatipoglu OF, Takahashi H, Nishibori M, Mori S. Identification of ribosomal protein L9 as a novel regulator of proinflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2831-2838. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ashayeri Ahmadabad R, Mirzaasgari Z, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways: Novel Therapeutic Targets for Cerebrovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116153. [PMID: 34200356 PMCID: PMC8201279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of pattern recognition proteins, play an integral role in the modulation of systemic inflammatory responses. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of pathological conditions that temporarily or permanently affect the brain tissue mostly via the decrease of oxygen and glucose supply. TLRs have a critical role in the activation of inflammatory cascades following hypoxic-ischemic events and subsequently contribute to neuroprotective or detrimental effects of CVD-induced neuroinflammation. The TLR signaling pathway and downstream cascades trigger immune responses via the production and release of various inflammatory mediators. The present review describes the modulatory role of the TLR signaling pathway in the inflammatory responses developed following various CVDs and discusses the potential benefits of the modulation of different TLRs in the improvement of functional outcomes after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Ashayeri Ahmadabad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zahra Mirzaasgari
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1593747811, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8355564; Fax: +49-251-8347479
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Wang J, Struebing FL, Geisert EE. Commonalities of optic nerve injury and glaucoma-induced neurodegeneration: Insights from transcriptome-wide studies. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108571. [PMID: 33844961 PMCID: PMC9890784 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a collection of diseases that lead to an irreversible vision loss due to damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although the underlying events leading to RGC death are not fully understood, recent research efforts are beginning to define the genetic changes that play a critical role in the initiation and progression of glaucomatous injury and RGC death. Several genetic and experimental animal models have been developed to mimic glaucomatous neurodegeneration. These models differ in many respects but all result in the loss of RGCs. Assessing transcriptional changes across different models could provide a more complete perspective on the molecular drivers of RGC degeneration. For the past several decades, changes in the retinal transcriptome during neurodegeneration process were defined using microarray methods, RNA sequencing and now single cell RNA sequencing. It is understood that these methods have strengths and weaknesses due to technical differences and variations in the analytical tools used. In this review, we focus on the use of transcriptome-wide expression profiling of the changes occurring as RGCs are lost across different glaucoma models. Commonalities of optic nerve crush and glaucoma-induced neurodegeneration are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wang
- Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Felix L. Struebing
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany,Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Eldon E. Geisert
- Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Corresponding author: (E.E. Geisert)
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Matsunaga H, Halder SK, Ueda H. Annexin A2 Flop-Out Mediates the Non-Vesicular Release of DAMPs/Alarmins from C6 Glioma Cells Induced by Serum-Free Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030567. [PMID: 33807671 PMCID: PMC7998613 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) and S100A13 are released from C6 glioma cells under serum-free conditions via membrane tethering mediated by Ca2+-dependent interactions between S100A13 and p40 synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1), which is further associated with plasma membrane syntaxin-1 (Stx-1). The present study revealed that S100A13 interacted with annexin A2 (ANXA2) and this interaction was enhanced by Ca2+ and p40 Syt-1. Amlexanox (Amx) inhibited the association between S100A13 and ANXA2 in C6 glioma cells cultured under serum-free conditions in the in situ proximity ligation assay. In the absence of Amx, however, the serum-free stress results in a flop-out of ANXA2 through the membrane, without the extracellular release. The intracellular delivery of anti-ANXA2 antibody blocked the serum-free stress-induced cellular loss of ProTα, S100A13, and Syt-1. The stress-induced externalization of ANXA2 was inhibited by pretreatment with siRNA for P4-ATPase, ATP8A2, under serum-free conditions, which ablates membrane lipid asymmetry. The stress-induced ProTα release via Stx-1A, ANXA2 and ATP8A2 was also evidenced by the knock-down strategy in the experiments using oxygen glucose deprivation-treated cultured neurons. These findings suggest that starvation stress-induced release of ProTα, S100A13, and p40 Syt-1 from C6 glioma cells is mediated by the ANXA2-flop-out via energy crisis-dependent recovery of membrane lipid asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Matsunaga
- Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.M.); (S.K.H.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sebok Kumar Halder
- Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.M.); (S.K.H.)
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.M.); (S.K.H.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-4536
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Fang X, Li Y, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Feng S, Miao M. Ethanol extracts from Ilex pubescens promotes cerebral ischemic tolerance via modulation of TLR4-MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112680. [PMID: 32084554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pubescent Holly Root is the dry root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. It is clinically using in the treatment for stroke and coronary artery disease. It remains unclear whether the ethanol extracts of Ilex pubescens(IPEE) treatment can promote cerebral ischemic tolerance (CIT) and exert endogenous neuroprotective effects and thus to alleviate the nerve injury caused by the subsequent persistent cerebral ischemic attacks. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of IPEE on CIT and its underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The bilateral common carotid arteries were blocked for 10 min followed a subsequent reperfusion to create the cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP); After 3 days post CIP, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-injury. Rats were continuously fed with IPEE for 5 days throughout the experiment period at the dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Then, the brain infarct volume, histopathology, neurological deficits, and the gene/protein expression related with the TLR4-MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway were evaluated after 24 h of MCAO/R experiment. RESULTS IPEE pretreatment significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume, the neurological deficit scores, and the plasma level of neuron specific enolase (NSE) at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Meanwhile, IPEE pretreatment significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α and RANTES, while it increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, when compared with the group with CIP treatment alone. Moreover, the effect of IPEE treatment on CIT was in a dose-dependent manner, showing as a better effect in the group pretreated with IPEE with the dose of 100 mg/kg than that in group pretreated with IPEE with the dose of 200 mg/kg. In addition, IPEE pretreatment significantly inhibited the expressions of MyD88 mRNA and the protein expression of COX-2 and NF-κBp65, while it strengthened the expressions of TRIF mRNA and protein. The effects of IPEE pretreatment on the expression of these genes were better than that in the group treated with CIP alone. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that IPEE pretreatment can enhance cerebral ischemic tolerance with a underlying mechanism involved in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through inhibiting the production of proteins or cytokines in the downstream of MyD88 and activating TRIF dependent anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Department of Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Sasaki K, Halder SK, Matsunaga H, Ueda H. Beneficial actions of prothymosin alpha-mimetic hexapeptide on central post-stroke pain, reduced social activity, learning-deficit and depression following cerebral ischemia in mice. Peptides 2020; 126:170265. [PMID: 31982448 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTα)-mimetic hexapeptide (amino acid: NEVDQE, P6Q) inhibits cerebral or retinal ischemia-induced behavioral, electrophysiological and histological damage. P6Q also abolishes cerebral hemorrhage induced by ischemia with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In the present study we examined the beneficial effects of P6Q on other post-stroke prognostic psychology-related symptoms, which obstruct the motivation toward physical therapy. Intravenous (i.v.) administration with tPA (10 mg/kg) at 6 h after photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) in mice resulted in bilateral central post-stroke pain in thermal and mechanical nociception tests and loss of social activity in the nest building test, both of which were significantly blocked by P6Q (30 mg/kg, i.v.) given at 5 h after PIT. P6Q (30 mg/kg, i.v.) also improved the memory-learning deficit in the step-through test and depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test when it was given 1 day after bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) in mice. Thus, these studies suggest that P6Q could be a promising candidate to prevent negative prognostic psychological symptoms following focal and global ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hayato Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Halder SK, Matsunaga H, Ueda H. Experimental evidence for the involvement of F 0/F 1 ATPase and subsequent P2Y 12 receptor activation in prothymosin alpha-induced protection of retinal ischemic damage. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:127-131. [PMID: 32156464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of retinal ischemia-induced damage by post-ischemic prothymosin alpha (ProTα) was not affected in toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice but blocked by the pretreatment with antibody against F0/F1 ATPase α- or β-subunit, novel candidate for ProTα-receptor. In addition to the previous observation of ProTα-induced ATP release from cells, the present study showed a ProTα-induced enhancement of ATP hydrolysis activity of recombinant ATP5A1/5B complex. As the protection of retinal function by post-ischemic ProTα was abolished by anti-P2Y12 antibody, the activation of F0/F1 ATPase and subsequent P2Y12 receptor system may play roles in beneficial actions by post-ischemic ProTα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 10865 Road to the Cure #100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hayato Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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13
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Torigoe K, Obata Y, Torigoe M, Oka S, Yamamoto K, Koji T, Ueda H, Mukae H, Nishino T. Hexapeptide derived from prothymosin alpha attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:411-419. [PMID: 31912273 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is a nuclear protein expressed in virtually all mammalian tissues. Previous studies have shown that ProTα exhibits protective effects against ischemia-induced cell death in various cell types. Recently, the 6-residue peptide P6Q (NEVDQE), the modified form of the active 6-residue core (51-56) in ProTα, has also been shown to have protective effects against retinal ischemia. However, it remains to be elucidated whether P6Q is effective against acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we investigated the renoprotective effect of P6Q on cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS Cultured HK-2 cells were treated with cisplatin for 24 h and pretreatment with ProTα or P6Q was carried out 30 min before cisplatin treatment. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. In an in vivo study, 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into control, cisplatin treated, and cisplatin treated with P6Q injection groups. In the last of these, P6Q was injected intravenously before cisplatin treatment. Then, we evaluated the renoprotective effect of P6Q. RESULTS In the study on cultured cells, pretreatment with ProTα or P6Q prevented cisplatin-induced cell death. In the in vivo study, pretreatment with P6Q significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, renal tubular cell injury, and apoptosis. Moreover, P6Q attenuated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and accelerated Akt phosphorylation after cisplatin-induced renal damage. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that P6Q can attenuate cisplatin-induced AKI and suppress the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via Akt phosphorylation. These data suggest that P6Q has potential as a preventative drug for cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Torigoe
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Obata
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
- Medical Educational Development Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Miki Torigoe
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Oka
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Halder SK, Sasaki K, Ueda H. Gγ7-specific prothymosin alpha deletion causes stress- and age-dependent motor dysfunction and anxiety. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:264-269. [PMID: 31759625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that prothymosin alpha (ProTα) improves cerebral ischemia-induced motor dysfunction. Our recent study also demonstrated that heterozygous ProTα deletion exhibited an enhanced anxiety-like behavior in mice. However, it remains elusive which brain regions or cells are related to these phenotypes. Here we generated conditional Gγ7-specific ProTα knockout mice using G protein γ7 subunit gene (Gng7)-cre promoter to see the brain robustness roles of ProTα in the striatum and hippocampus. The younger conditional ProTα (Gng7) knockout mice at the age of 10 weeks showed no significant phenotypes in motor dysfunction in the Rotarod test and locomotor activity in the open-field test, whereas significant motor dysfunction was obtained by 15 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia. The aged conditional ProTα (Gng7) knockout mice at the age of 20 weeks showed hypolocomotor activity with less center time in the open-field test and impaired motor coordination in the Rotarod test without ischemia. Thus, this study suggests that ProTα has important roles in the maintenance of motor coordination and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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Birmpilis AI, Karachaliou CE, Samara P, Ioannou K, Selemenakis P, Kostopoulos IV, Kavrochorianou N, Kalbacher H, Livaniou E, Haralambous S, Kotsinas A, Farzaneh F, Trougakos IP, Voelter W, Dimopoulos MA, Bamias A, Tsitsilonis O. Antitumor Reactive T-Cell Responses Are Enhanced In Vivo by DAMP Prothymosin Alpha and Its C-Terminal Decapeptide. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111764. [PMID: 31717548 PMCID: PMC6896021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prothymosin α (proTα) and its C-terminal decapeptide proTα(100-109) were shown to pleiotropically enhance innate and adaptive immune responses. Their activities have been broadly studied in vitro, focusing primarily on the restoration of the deficient immunoreactivity of cancer patients' leukocytes. Previously, we showed that proTα and proTα(100-109) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), ligate Toll-like receptor-4, signal through TRIF- and MyD88-dependent pathways, promote the maturation of dendritic cells and elicit T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses in vitro, leading to the optimal priming of tumor antigen-reactive T-cell functions. Herein, we assessed their activity in a preclinical melanoma model. Immunocompetent mice bearing B16.F1 tumors were treated with two cycles of proTα or proTα(100-109) together with a B16.F1-derived peptide vaccine. Coadministration of proTα or proTα(100-109) and the peptide vaccine suppressed melanoma-cell proliferation, as evidenced by reduced tumor-growth rates. Higher melanoma infiltration by CD3+ T cells was observed, whereas ex vivo analysis of mouse total spleen cells verified the in vivo induction of melanoma-reactive cytotoxic responses. Additionally, increased levels of proinflammatory and Th1-type cytokines were detected in mouse serum. We propose that, in the presence of tumor antigens, DAMPs proTα and proTα(100-109) induce Th1-biased immune responses in vivo. Their adjuvant ability to orchestrate antitumor immunoreactivities can eventually be exploited therapeutically in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios I. Birmpilis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (C.-E.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Pinelopi Samara
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Kyriaki Ioannou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
- King’s College London, Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK;
| | - Platon Selemenakis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Nadia Kavrochorianou
- Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen. Germany; (H.K.); (W.V.)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (C.-E.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Sylva Haralambous
- Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Athanasios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- King’s College London, Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK;
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen. Germany; (H.K.); (W.V.)
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.-A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.-A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Ourania Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4215; Fax: +30-210-727-4635
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Ueda H. [Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Signaling Underlying Chronic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms through Prothymosin α]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1403-1415. [PMID: 31685737 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For my Ph.D. research topic, I isolated endogenous morphine-like analgesic dipeptide, kyotorphin, which mediates Met-enkephalin release, and discovered kyotorphin synthetase, a putative receptor and antagonist. Furthermore, I succeeded in purifying μ-opioid receptor and functional reconstitution with purified G proteins. After receiving my full professor position at Nagasaki University in 1996, I worked on two topics of research, molecular mechanisms of chronic pain through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and identification and characterization of neuroprotective protein, prothymosin α. In a series of studies, we have shown that LPA signaling defines the molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in terms of development and maintenance. Above all, the discovery of feed-forward system in LPA production and pain memory may contribute to better understanding of chronic pain and future analgesic drug discovery. Regarding prothymosin α, we first discovered it as neuronal necrosis-inhibitory molecule through two independent mechanisms, such as toll-like receptor and F0/F1 ATPase, both which protect neurons through indirect mechanisms. Prothymosin α is released by non-classical and non-vesicular mechanisms on various stresses, such as ischemia, starvation, and heat-shock. Thus it may be called a new type of neuroprotective damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/Alarmins. Heterozygotic mice showed a defect in memory-learning and neurogenesis as well as anxiogenic behaviors. Small peptide, P6Q derived from prothymosin α retains neuroprotective actions, which include blockade of cerebral hemorrhage caused by late treatment with tissue plasminogen activator in the stroke model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
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17
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Halder SK, Matsunaga H, Ueda H. Prothymosin alpha and its mimetic hexapeptide improve delayed tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain damage following cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2019; 153:772-789. [PMID: 31454420 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration beyond 4.5 h of stroke symptoms is beneficial for patients but has an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Thus, increasing the therapeutic window of tPA is important for stroke recovery. We previously showed that prothymosin alpha (ProTα) or its mimetic hexapeptide (P6Q) has anti-ischemic activity. Here, we examined the beneficial effects of ProTα or P6Q against delayed tPA-induced brain damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or photochemically induced thrombosis in mice. Brain hemorrhage was observed by tPA administration during reperfusion at 4.5 and 6 h after MCAO. Co-administration of ProTα with tPA at 4.5 h inhibited hemorrhage and motor dysfunction 2-4 days, but not 7 days after MCAO. ProTα administration at 2 and 4.5 h after MCAO significantly inhibited tPA (4.5 h)-induced motor dysfunction and death more than 7 days. Administration of tPA caused the loss of tight junction proteins, zona occulden-1 and occludin, and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9, in a ProTα-reversible manner. P6Q administration abolished tPA (4.5 h)-induced hemorrhage and reversed tPA (6 h)-induced vascular damage and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 up-regulation. Twice administrations of P6Q at 2 h alone and 6 h with tPA significantly improved motor dysfunction more than 7 days. In photochemically induced thrombosis ischemia, similar vascular leakage and neuronal damage (infarction and motor dysfunction) by late tPA (4.5 or 6 h) were also inhibited by P6Q. Thus, these studies suggest that co-administration with ProTα or P6Q would be beneficial to inhibit delayed tPA-induced hemorrhagic mechanisms in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Chen X, Jie-Qiong Z, Li X, Luo L, Huang H, Liu W, Zhou X, Yan J, Lin S, Ye J. Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Deficiency Induces Age-Related Alterations of the Retina in Young and Old Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:272. [PMID: 31281243 PMCID: PMC6596281 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in visual function and retina structure are very common in aged animals, but the underlying mechanisms of these changes remain unclear. Here we report that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a critical immune regulatory factor, is dramatically down-regulated in mouse retinas during aging. To address the role of IRF3 in the retina, we examined the structure and function of retinas in young (3–4 months) and old (22–24 months) Irf3-/- mice in comparison to age-matched wildtype (WT) mice. We found that IRF3 deletion resulted in impaired electroretinogram (ERG) responses and decreased retinal thickness in both young and old mice. In addition, numerous synapses of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) were found obviously extending into outer nuclear layer (ONL) in Irf3-/- mice, along with a reduction of the average synapse density in the OPL. These changes suggest that IRF3 deletion may accelerate retinal senescence. In support of this hypothesis, a number of classic senescence-associated markers were found in remarkably elevated level in Irf3-/- retina, including p53, p16INK4a, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IREα), p-H2A.X and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). Overall, our results indicate that maintenance normal IRF3 levels is necessary for retinal structure and function and suggest that IRF3 is an important regulator of retinal senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Jie-Qiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao L, Ma R, Zhang L, Yuan X, Wu J, He L, Liu G, Du R. Inhibition of HIF-1a-mediated TLR4 activation decreases apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis of placental microvascular endothelial cells during severe pre-eclampsia pathogenesis. Placenta 2019; 83:8-16. [PMID: 31477211 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia-induced factor 1a (HIF-1a) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are involved in pre-eclampsia (PE) pathogenesis. However, little is known about their relationships. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of HIF-1a and TLR4 in PE pathogenesis. METHODS The expression of HIF-1a and TLR4 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Celluar PE model was established by hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment of human placental microvascular endothelial cells (hPMEC). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration were analyzed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell and scratch adhesion test, respectively. Angiogenesis was performed by tube formation, Ang-1 in culture supernatant was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS HIF-1a and TLR4 expression were significantly elevated in placental tissues from early-onset and late-onset severe pre-eclampsia patients compared with control, with increased Bax, TRIF and PUMA, and decreased Bcl-2 and VEGFA; Down-regulation of HIF-1a expression decreased TLR4 expression, promoted proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis but suppressed apoptosis in cellular model. In addition, silencing HIF-1a and TAK232 treatment synergically promoted some more proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis but suppressed apoptosis in cellular model. CONCLUSION HIF-1a could promote hPMEC apoptosis by regulating TLR4 expression during PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lirong He
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Du
- Depaertment of Pathology, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Poyomtip T. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 4 for Cellular Pathogenesis in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A potential therapeutic strategy. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kaempferol attenuates retinal ganglion cell death by suppressing NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes and caspase-8 via JNK and NF-κB pathways in acute glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:777-784. [PMID: 30560913 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS OR PURPOSE Glaucoma is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness in the world. Elucidating the pathogenesis of glaucoma and developing effective treatment should be the priority. Inflammation and oxidative stress play essential roles in glaucoma pathogeneisis. Kaempferol is a natural flavonol and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we explored the potential effects of kaempferol on acute glaucoma. METHODS We established the retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mice model and administrated kaempferol to I/R mice. We monitored the retina thickness change, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and activations of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. RESULTS Kaempferol prevented retina thickness change and RGC death in I/R mice. The activations of caspase-8, caspase-3, and NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasome activation were inhibited by kaempferol. Kaempferol prevented pro-inflammatory cytokines productions in I/R mice. The activation of NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways was also inhibited by Kaempferol in I/R mice. CONCLUSION Kaempferol attenuated retinal ganglion cell death by suppressing NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes and caspase-8 via inhibiting NF-κB and JNK pathways in acute glaucoma.
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Ueda H, Matsunaga H, Matsushita Y, Maeda S, Iwamoto R, Yokoyama S, Shirouzu M. Ecto-F 0/F 1 ATPase as a novel candidate of prothymosin α receptor. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:89-94. [PMID: 30063859 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1454427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prothymosin α (ProTα) was reported to inhibit the neuronal necrosis by facilitating the plasma membrane localization of endocytosed glucose transporter 1/4 through an activation of putative Gi-coupled receptor. The present study aims to identify a novel ProTα target, which may lead to an activation of Gi-coupled receptor. METHODS We used Gi-rich lipid rafts fraction of retinal cell line N18-RE-105 cells for affinity cross-linking. The biological confirmation that F0/F1 ATPase is a target protein complex was performed by cell-free experiments using ELISA-based binding assay, surface plasmon resonance assay and quartz crystal microbalance assay, and cell-based experiments to measure extracellular ATP level in the HUVECs culture. RESULTS From the cross-linking study and above-mentioned protein-protein interaction assays, ATP5A1 and ATP5B, F1 ATPase subunits were found to ProTα binding target proteins. In the culture of HUVEC cells, furthermore, ProTα increased the extracellular ATP levels in a reversible manner by anti-ATP5A1- and ATP5B-antibodies. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that ProTα may activate ecto-F0/F1 ATPase and produced ATP. This study leads to next subjects whether produced ATP and its metabolites, ADP or adenosine may activate corresponding Gi-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation , Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Hayato Matsunaga
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation , Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation , Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Shiori Maeda
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation , Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Ryusei Iwamoto
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation , Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- b RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center , Yokohama , Japan.,c RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- b RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center , Yokohama , Japan.,d RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Yokohama , Japan
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S100B immunization triggers NFκB and complement activation in an autoimmune glaucoma model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9821. [PMID: 29959432 PMCID: PMC6026137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In glaucoma, latest studies revealed an involvement of the complement system with and without an elevated intraocular pressure. In the experimental autoimmune glaucoma model, immunization with antigens, such as S100B, lead to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve degeneration after 28 days. Here, we investigated the timeline of progression of the complement system, toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), and the transcription factor nucleus factor-kappa B (NFκB). Therefore, rats were immunized with S100B protein (S100) and analyzed at 3, 7, and 14 days. RGC numbers were comparable at all points in time, whereas a destruction of S100 optic nerves was noted at 14 days. A significant increase of mannose binding lectin (MBL) was observed in S100 retinas at 3 days. Subsequently, significantly more MBL+ cells were seen in S100 optic nerves at 7 and 14 days. Accordingly, C3 was upregulated in S100 retinas at 14 days. An increase of interleukin-1 beta was noted in S100 aqueous humor samples at 7 days. In this study, activation of complement system via the lectin pathway was obvious. However, no TLR4 alterations were noted in S100 retinas and optic nerves. Interestingly, a significant NFκB increase was observed in S100 retinas at 7 and 14 days. We assume that NFκB activation might be triggered via MBL leading to glaucomatous damage.
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Xu Y, Yang B, Hu Y, Lu L, Lu X, Wang J, Xu F, Yu S, Huang J, Liang X. Wogonin prevents TLR4-NF-κB-medicated neuro-inflammation and improves retinal ganglion cells survival in retina after optic nerve crush. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72503-72517. [PMID: 27756890 PMCID: PMC5341925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuro-inflammation is involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. The aim of this study is to determine whether wogonin can suppress inflammatory responses and rescue RGCs death after optic nerve crush (ONC), an ideal animal model of glaucoma. Wogonin was administered intraperitoneally 10 min after establishment of ONC model. In this study, wogonin treatment reduced RGCs loss and inhibited RGCs apoptosis demonstrated by the increased Brn3a labeling RGCs at day 14 and the decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression at day 7 after ONC, respectively. In ONC model, number of GFAP-positive glial cells and iba1-positive microglial cells were increased, combined of the elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines released in retina at day 7. However, most of these responses were inhibited after wogonin treatment. The level of TLR4 expression, NF-κB-P65 nucleus location and NF-κB-P65 phosphorylation were increased in retina at day 1 after ONC, which was significantly reduced after wogonin treatment. These results demonstrated that wogonin protected RGCs survival and suppressed neuro-inflammation in retina after ONC by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB pathways. We conclude that wogonin could be a possible strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Halder SK, Ueda H. Amlexanox Inhibits Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Delayed Astrocytic High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release and Subsequent Brain Damage. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:27-36. [PMID: 29330155 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum during the early and late phases of brain ischemia and is known to contribute to brain damage. However, detailed characterization underlying cell type-specific HMGB1 release and pathophysiological roles of extracellularly released HMGB1 in ischemic brain remain unclear. Here, we examined cell type-specific HMGB1 release and the therapeutic potential of amlexanox, an inhibitor of nonclassical release, and of an anti-HMGB1 antibody against ischemic brain damage. HMGB1 depletion from neuronal nuclei was observed within 3 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), whereas the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with amlexanox blocked HMGB1 release from neurons, resulting in HMGB1 redistribution in the nuclei and cytoplasm. HMGB1 was selectively released from astrocytes 27 hours after tMCAO and this HMGB1 release was blocked by late treatment with amlexanox (i.c.v.) 24 hours after tMCAO. Proximity extension assay revealed that the HMGB1 level was elevated in the CSF at 3 and 27 hours after tMCAO. This late treatment with amlexanox significantly protected the brain from ischemic damage, but its pretreatment 30 minutes before tMCAO failed to show any protection. The late treatment (i.c.v.) with anti-HMGB1 antibody 24 hours after tMCAO also ameliorated ischemic brain damage 48 hours after tMCAO. Thus, the inhibition of brain damage by late treatment with amlexanox or anti-HMGB1 antibody indicates that late HMGB1 release plays a role in the maintenance of stroke-induced brain damage, and the inhibition of this release would be a novel therapeutic target for protection of ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Wang SL, Duan L, Xia B, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang GM. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning plays a neuroprotective role and suppresses TLR4/NF-κB pathways model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1337-1342. [PMID: 28753906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine has been reported to play an efficient role on multi-organ protection. Our study aims to investigate the neuroprotective of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury and investigate the underlining signaling mechanisms. METHODS Cerebral I/R models were established with SD rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 2h of ischemia followed by 7days of reperfusion, the degree of cerebral tissue injury was detected by HE, Nissl and TUNEL staining. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive and TNF-α positive cells were stained by immunohistochemistry and counted under microscope. TLR4, NF-κB and TIR-domain containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) expression were detected by real time PCR and western blot. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine preconditioning markedly prevented the ischemia-induced cellular damage observed from HE and Nissl staining in hippocampus and cortex. Dexmedetomidine observably decreased the number of apoptotic cells in TUNEL staining. Besides, yohimbine could specifically suppress the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. GFAP expression was distinctly inhibited by dexmedetomidine preconditioning (10μg/kg, 20μg/kg) in cerebral ischemia area. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB and increased that of TRIF. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that dexmedetomidine preconditioning plays a neuroprotective role against I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine might suppress TLR4/NF-??B pathway and drive TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway to reduce the inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Liang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gong-Ming Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Chen Z, Qiu PY, Ma CG. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits inflammation response via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1018-1024. [PMID: 28724211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of significant cause of visual dysopia and causes inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine is widely applied to general/local anaesthesia and has been reported to have extensive anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of dexmedetomidine in retinal I/R injury is currently unknown. This study investigates the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on retinal I/R injury and explore the related signal mechanism toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. METHODS Retinal I/R injury model were established with SD rats through periocular injection. Retinal damage was quantified by measuring the thickness of retinal layers, cell counts of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and electroretinography (ERG). Apoptosis of retinal cell was detected by TUNEL assay. Protein and mRNA expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured by western blot and real-time quantitate PCR. Bax, Bcl-2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in retinas were detected by western blot. RESULTS ERG and HE staining showed that dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly inhibited the histologic damage induced by I/R injury, which expresses apparent concentration dependent. TUNEL demonstrated that apoptosis of retinal cells were reduced by dexmedetomidine. The expression of NF-κB and GFAP were decreased compared I/R blank group. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine preconditioning suppresses retinal I/R injury and shows effective anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Chen
- Anesthesia Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ping-Yang Qiu
- Anesthesia Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chuan-Gen Ma
- Anesthesia Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China.
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Bravo-Alegria J, McCullough LD, Liu F. Sex differences in stroke across the lifespan: The role of T lymphocytes. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:127-137. [PMID: 28131898 PMCID: PMC5461203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. Ischemic sensitivity changes throughout the lifespan and outcomes depend largely on variables like age, sex, hormonal status, inflammation, and other existing risk factors. Immune responses after stroke play a central role in how these factors interact. Although the post-stroke immune response has been extensively studied, the contribution of lymphocytes to stroke is still not well understood. T cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses at both acute and chronic stages of stroke. T cell responses also change at different ages and are modulated by hormones and sex chromosome complement. T cells have also been implicated in the development of hypertension, one of the most important risk factors for vascular disease. In this review, we highlight recent literature on the lymphocytic responses to stroke in the context of age and sex, with a focus on T cell response and the interaction with important stroke risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Bravo-Alegria
- Department of Neurology, Univeristy of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, Univeristy of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Univeristy of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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Gu R, Lei B, Shu Q, Li G, Xu G. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper overexpression inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal inflammation in rats. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:151-163. [PMID: 28238753 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) mediates several effects of glucocorticoids and has important anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we explored the role of GILZ in inhibiting retinal inflammation. Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was established in rats by intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GILZ levels decreased in the EIU retina after LPS injection. Retinal GILZ was downregulated by recombinant lentivirus-delivered short-hairpin RNA targeting GILZ (shRNA-GILZ-rLV) and upregulated by recombinant lentivirus-mediated GILZ overexpression (Oe-GILZ-rLV). GILZ silencing attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in the EIU retina, as demonstrated by increased retinal interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression at 18 h after TA injection. A Bio-Plex cytokine assay and western blotting demonstrated that GILZ overexpression inhibited the effects of LPS, downregulating retinal IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IL-17 and inhibiting LPS-induced activation of the retinal toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathway. At 48 and 72 h after LPS injection, the clinical score of inflammation was significantly lower in Oe-GILZ-rLV-transfected eyes than in blank-rLV-transfected eyes. Histological examination showed a 67.85% reduction of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber and a 58.97% reduction in vitreous cavity of Oe-GILZ-rLV transfected eyes at 48 h after LPS injection. Taken together, our results suggest that GILZ is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of retinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Boya Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Qinmeng Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Ueda H, Halder SK, Matsunaga H, Sasaki K, Maeda S. Neuroprotective impact of prothymosin alpha-derived hexapeptide against retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Neuroscience 2016; 318:206-18. [PMID: 26779836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) has robustness roles against brain and retinal ischemia or serum-starvation stress. In the ProTα sequence, the active core 30-amino acid peptide/P30 (a.a.49-78) is necessary for the original neuroprotective actions against ischemia. Moreover, the 9-amino acid peptide sequence/P9 (a.a.52-60) in P30 still shows neuroprotective activity against brain and retinal ischemia, though P9 is less potent than P30. As the previous structure-activity relationship study for ProTα may not be enough, the possibility still exists that any sequence smaller than P9 retains potent neuroprotective activity. When different P9- and P30-related peptides were intravitreally injected 24h after retinal ischemia in mice, the 6-amino acid peptide/P6 (NEVDEE, a.a.51-56) showed potent protective effects against ischemia-induced retinal functional deficits, which are equipotent to the level of P30 peptide in electroretinography (ERG) and histological damage in Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Further studies using ERG and HE staining suggested that intravitreal or intravenous (i.v.) injection with modified P6 peptide/P6Q (NEVDQE) potently inhibited retinal ischemia-induced functional and histological damage. In an immunohistochemical analysis, the ischemia-induced loss of retinal ganglion, bipolar, amacrine and photoreceptor cells were inhibited by a systemic administration with P6Q peptide 24h after the ischemic stress. In addition, systemic post-treatment with P6Q peptide significantly inhibited retinal ischemia-induced microglia and astrocyte activation in terms of increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) intensity, respectively, as well as their morphological changes, increased number and migration. Thus, this study demonstrates the therapeutic significance of modified P6 peptide P6Q (NEVDQE) derived from 6-amino acid peptide (P6) in ProTα against ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - S K Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - H Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - K Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - S Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Wang LC, Wu CL, Cheng YY, Tsai KJ. Deletion of Nuclear Localizing Signal Attenuates Proinflammatory Activity of Prothymosin-Alpha and Enhances Its Neuroprotective Effect on Transient Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:582-593. [PMID: 26746667 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-ischemic inflammation plays an important role in the progression of ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Prothymosin-α (ProT) can protect cells from necrotic death following ischemia; however, its immunostimulatory actions may counteract the neuroprotective effect. We proposed that ProTΔNLS, synthesized by deleting its nuclear localizing signal (NLS) at the C-terminal of ProT, can attenuate the immunostimulatory activity and has more salient neuroprotective effect. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of ProT and ProTΔNLS in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model of rats. Rats that had sustained 90 min of tMCAO were treated with GST-vehicle, ProT, or ProTΔNLS. Therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by infarction volume assay and behavioral assessment. Changes to inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Activated matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) levels were evaluated by gelatin zymography. Microglial activation was identified by double-immunostaining for Iba-1 and CD68. Our results showed that while both ProT and ProTΔNLS reduce infarction volume and improve functional outcome, ProTΔNLS provides the best therapeutic outcome. ProT increases TNF-α but decreases IL-10 secretion after ischemic injury, reflecting its pro-inflammatory activity. ProTΔNLS suppresses expression of TNF-α, MPO, and activity of MMPs in ischemic brain tissue. It also suppresses activation of microglia in penumbral cortex. These data demonstrate the immunesuppressive activities of ProTΔNLS. In conclusion, ProT has pro-inflammatory effect that may counteract its neuroprotective effect. Deletion of NLS from ProT may attenuate post-ischemic inflammation and enhance the neuroprotective effects of ProT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Prothymosin Alpha and Immune Responses: Are We Close to Potential Clinical Applications? VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 102:179-207. [PMID: 27450735 PMCID: PMC7126549 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The thymus gland produces soluble molecules, which mediate significant immune functions. The first biologically active thymic extract was thymosin fraction V, the fractionation of which led to the isolation of a series of immunoactive polypeptides, including prothymosin alpha (proTα). ProTα displays a dual role, intracellularly as a survival and proliferation mediator and extracellularly as a biological response modifier. Accordingly, inside the cell, proTα is implicated in crucial intracellular circuits and may serve as a surrogate tumor biomarker, but when found outside the cell, it could be used as a therapeutic agent for treating immune system deficiencies. In fact, proTα possesses pleiotropic adjuvant activity and a series of immunomodulatory effects (eg, anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, cardioprotective). Moreover, several reports suggest that the variable activity of proTα might be exerted through different parts of the molecule. We first reported that the main immunoactive region of proTα is the carboxy-terminal decapeptide proTα(100-109). In conjunction with data from others, we also revealed that proTα and proTα(100-109) signal through Toll-like receptor 4. Although their precise molecular mechanism of action is yet not fully elucidated, proTα and proTα(100-109) are viewed as candidate adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present a historical overview on the discovery and isolation of thymosins with emphasis on proTα and data on some immune-related new activities of the polypeptide and smaller immunostimulatory peptides thereof. Finally, we propose a compiled scenario on proTα's mode of action, which could eventually contribute to its clinical application.
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