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Lindsay S, Li Y. Coarse-grained modeling of annexin A2-induced microdomain formation on a vesicle. Biophys J 2024; 123:2431-2442. [PMID: 38859585 PMCID: PMC11365106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (A2)-induced microdomain formation is a key step in biological processes such as Ca2+-mediated exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. In this work, a total of 15 coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed on vesicle models having a diameter of approximately 250 Å for 15 μs each using the Martini2 force field. Five simulations were performed in the presence of 10 A2, 5 in the presence of A2 but absence of PIP2, and 5 simulations in the absence of A2 but presence of PIP2. Consistent results were generated among the simulations. A2-induced PIP2 microdomain formation was observed and shown to occur in three phases: A2-vesicle association, localized A2-induced PIP2 clustering, and A2 aggregation driving PIP2 microdomain formation. The relationship between A2 aggregation and PIP2 microdomain formation was quantitatively described using a novel method which calculated the variance among protein and lipid positions via the Fréchet mean. A large reduction in PIP2 variance was observed in the presence of A2 but not in its absence. This reduction in PIP2 variance was proportional to the reduction observed in A2 variance and demonstrates that the observed PIP2 microdomain formation is dependent upon A2 aggregation. The three-phase model of A2-induced microdomain formation generated in this work will serve as a valuable guide for further experimental studies and the development of novel A2 inhibitors. No microdomain formation was observed in the absence of A2 and minimal A2-membrane interaction was observed in the absence of PIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
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2
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Onyishi CU, Jeon Y, Fejer G, Mukhopadhyay S, Gordon S, May RC. Loss of the scavenger receptor MARCO results in uncontrolled vomocytosis of fungi from macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350771. [PMID: 38494423 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Vomocytosis, also known as nonlytic exocytosis, is a process whereby fully phagocytosed microbes are expelled from phagocytes without discernible damage to either the phagocyte or microbe. Although this phenomenon was first described in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans in 2006, to date, mechanistic studies have been hampered by an inability to reliably stimulate or inhibit vomocytosis. Here we present the fortuitous discovery that macrophages lacking the scavenger receptor MAcrophage Receptor with COllagenous domain (MARCO), exhibit near-total vomocytosis of internalised cryptococci within a few hours of infection. Marco-/- macrophages also showed elevated vomocytosis of a yeast-locked C. albicans strain, suggesting this to be a broadly relevant observation. We go on to show that MARCO's role in modulating vomocytosis is independent of its role as a phagocytic receptor, suggesting that this protein may play an important and hitherto unrecognised role in modulating macrophage behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinaemerem U Onyishi
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Molecular Mycology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yusun Jeon
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gyorgy Fejer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin C May
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Lindsay S, Bartolotti L, Li Y. Ca 2+ ions facilitate the organization of the Annexin A2/S100A10 heterotetramer. Proteins 2023; 91:1042-1053. [PMID: 36965169 PMCID: PMC10518368 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (A2) is a member of the Annexin family, which contains Ca2+ -regulated phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexins associate with S100 proteins to form heterotetramers. The A2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t) is the most extensively studied of these heterotetramers. It induces membrane microdomain formation, causes membrane budding, and facilitates proliferation of some cancers. In this work, the first molecular dynamics (MD) study on the complete A2t of 868 amino acids was performed. MD trajectories of more than 600 ns each were generated for complete A2t complexes with and without Ca2+ ions. The outward extension of membrane-binding residues A2-K279 and A2-K281 was shown to be inhibited in the absence of Ca2+ as they were captured by Ca2+ -binding residue D322. F-actin binding residue A2-D339 was observed to occupy either an exposed or buried state in the absence of Ca2+ , while it only occupied the buried state in the presence of Ca2+ . The observed motions of the A2t subunits are highly organized with a strongly correlated central region which is negatively correlated with the periphery of the complex. The central region contains the S100A10 (p11) dimer, A2-N, and A2-I, while the periphery contains A2-II, A2-III, and A2-IV. Novel interactions between A2 and p11 were identified. A2 residues outside of A2-N (K80, R77, E82, and R145) had strong interactions with p11. Residue R145 of A2 may have a significant effect on the dynamics of the system, with its interaction resulting in asymmetric motions of A2. The presented results provide novel insights to inform future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Libero Bartolotti
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
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de Klerk E, Xiao Y, Emfinger CH, Keller MP, Berrios DI, Loconte V, Ekman AA, White KL, Cardone RL, Kibbey RG, Attie AD, Hebrok M. Loss of ZNF148 enhances insulin secretion in human pancreatic β cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:157572. [PMID: 37288664 PMCID: PMC10393241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is essential to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Defects in this process result in diabetes. Identifying genetic regulators that impair insulin secretion is crucial for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we show that reduction of ZNF148 in human islets, and its deletion in stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells), enhances insulin secretion. Transcriptomics of ZNF148-deficient SC-β cells identifies increased expression of annexin and S100 genes whose proteins form tetrameric complexes involved in regulation of insulin vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. ZNF148 in SC-β cells prevents translocation of annexin A2 from the nucleus to its functional place at the cell membrane via direct repression of S100A16 expression. These findings point to ZNF148 as a regulator of annexin-S100 complexes in human β cells and suggest that suppression of ZNF148 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yini Xiao
- UCSF Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher H Emfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Valentina Loconte
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- National Center for X-ray Tomography, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Axel A Ekman
- National Center for X-ray Tomography, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kate L White
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ueda H. Non-Vesicular Release of Alarmin Prothymosin α Complex Associated with Annexin-2 Flop-Out. Cells 2023; 12:1569. [PMID: 37371039 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein prothymosin α (ProTα) is a unique member of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/alarmins. ProTα prevents neuronal necrosis by causing a cell death mode switch in serum-starving or ischemic/reperfusion models in vitro and in vivo. Underlying receptor mechanisms include Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Gi-coupled receptor. Recent studies have revealed that the mode of the fatal stress-induced extracellular release of nuclear ProTα from cortical neurons in primary cultures, astrocytes and C6 glioma cells has two steps: ATP loss-induced nuclear release and the Ca2+-mediated formation of a multiple protein complex and its extracellular release. Under the serum-starving condition, ProTα is diffused from the nucleus throughout the cell due to the ATP loss-induced impairment of importin α-mediated nuclear transport. Subsequent mechanisms are all Ca2+-dependent. They include the formation of a protein complex with ProTα, S100A13, p40 Syt-1 and Annexin A2 (ANXA2); the fusion of the protein complex to the plasma membrane via p40 Syt-1-Stx-1 interaction; and TMEM16F scramblase-mediated ANXA2 flop-out. Subsequently, the protein complex is extracellularly released, leaving ANXA2 on the outer cell surface. The ANXA2 is then flipped in by a force of ATP8A2 activity, and the non-vesicular release of protein complex is repeated. Thus, the ANXA2 flop-out could play key roles in a new type of non-vesicular and non-classical release for DAMPs/alarmins, which is distinct from the modes conducted via gasdermin D or mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Nei-hu, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Mencel ML, Bittner GD. Repair of traumatic lesions to the plasmalemma of neurons and other cells: Commonalities, conflicts, and controversies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114779. [PMID: 37008019 PMCID: PMC10050709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientists and Cell Biologists have known for many decades that eukaryotic cells, including neurons, are surrounded by a plasmalemma/axolemma consisting of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates trans-membrane diffusion of ions (including calcium) and other substances. Cells often incur plasmalemmal damage via traumatic injury and various diseases. If the damaged plasmalemma is not rapidly repaired within minutes, activation of apoptotic pathways by calcium influx often results in cell death. We review publications reporting what is less-well known (and not yet covered in neuroscience or cell biology textbooks): that calcium influx at the lesion sites ranging from small nm-sized holes to complete axonal transection activates parallel biochemical pathways that induce vesicles/membrane-bound structures to migrate and interact to restore original barrier properties and eventual reestablishment of the plasmalemma. We assess the reliability of, and problems with, various measures (e.g., membrane voltage, input resistance, current flow, tracer dyes, confocal microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy) used individually and in combination to assess plasmalemmal sealing in various cell types (e.g., invertebrate giant axons, oocytes, hippocampal and other mammalian neurons). We identify controversies such as plug versus patch hypotheses that attempt to account for currently available data on the subcellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal repair/sealing. We describe current research gaps and potential future developments, such as much more extensive correlations of biochemical/biophysical measures with sub-cellular micromorphology. We compare and contrast naturally occurring sealing with recently-discovered artificially-induced plasmalemmal sealing by polyethylene glycol (PEG) that bypasses all natural pathways for membrane repair. We assess other recent developments such as adaptive membrane responses in neighboring cells following injury to an adjacent cell. Finally, we speculate how a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in natural and artificial plasmalemmal sealing is needed to develop better clinical treatments for muscular dystrophies, stroke and other ischemic conditions, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal L. Mencel
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - George D. Bittner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: George D. Bittner,
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Fatty acid translocase: a culprit of lipid metabolism dysfunction in disease. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2022; 4:e00001. [PMID: 35991116 PMCID: PMC9380421 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid deposition into and mobilization from white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies various diseases. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and cholesterol trafficking in and out of adipocytes is a process relying on transporters shuttling lipids from the plasma membrane (PM) to lipid droplets (LD). CD36 is the fatty acid translocase (FAT) that transports LCFA and cholesterol across the PM. Interactions of CD36 with proteins PHB1, ANX2, and CAV1 mediate intercellular lipid transport between adipocytes, hematopoietic, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Intracellularly, the FAT complex has been found to regulate LCFA trafficking between the PM and LD. This process is regulated by CD36 glycosylation and S-acylation, as well as by post-translational modifications of PHB1 and ANX2, which determine both protein–protein interactions and the cellular localization of the complex. Changes in extracellular and intracellular LCFA levels have been found to induce the post-translational modifications and the function of the FAT complex in lipid uptake and mobilization. The role of the CD36/PHB1/ANX2 complex may span beyond lipid trafficking. The requirement of PHB1 for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in brown adipocytes has been revealed. Cancer cells which take advantage of lipids mobilized by adipocytes and oxidized in leukocytes are indirectly affected by the function of FAT complex in other tissues. The direct importance of CD36 interaction with PHB1/and ANX2 in cancer cells remains to be established. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of the FAT complex in systemic lipid trafficking and discuss it as a potential target in metabolic disease and cancer.
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Herta T, Kersten R, Chang JC, Hubers L, Go S, Tolenaars D, Paulusma CC, Nathanson MH, Elferink RO, van de Graaf SFJ, Beuers U. Role of the IgG4-related cholangitis autoantigen annexin A11 in cholangiocyte protection. J Hepatol 2022; 76:319-331. [PMID: 34718050 PMCID: PMC10804347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Annexin A11 was identified as autoantigen in IgG4-related cholangitis (IRC), a B-cell driven disease. Annexin A11 modulates calcium-dependent exocytosis, a crucial mechanism for insertion of proteins into their target membranes. Human cholangiocytes form an apical 'biliary bicarbonate umbrella' regarded as defense against harmful hydrophobic bile acid influx. The bicarbonate secretory machinery comprises the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE2 and the chloride channel ANO1. We aimed to investigate the expression and function of annexin A11 in human cholangiocytes and a potential role of IgG1/IgG4-mediated autoreactivity against annexin A11 in the pathogenesis of IRC. METHODS Expression of annexin A11 in human liver was studied by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In human control and ANXA11 knockdown H69 cholangiocytes, intracellular pH, AE2 and ANO1 surface expression, and bile acid influx were examined using ratio microspectrofluorometry, cell surface biotinylation, and 22,23-3H-glycochenodeoxycholic acid permeation, respectively. The localization of annexin A11-mEmerald and ANO1-mCherry was investigated by live-cell microscopy in H69 cholangiocytes after incubation with IRC patient serum containing anti-annexin A11 IgG1/IgG4-autoantibodies or disease control serum. RESULTS Annexin A11 was strongly expressed in human cholangiocytes, but not hepatocytes. Knockdown of ANXA11 led to reduced plasma membrane expression of ANO1, but not AE2, alkalization of intracellular pH and uncontrolled bile acid influx. High intracellular calcium conditions led to annexin A11 membrane shift and colocalization with ANO1. Incubation with IRC patient serum inhibited annexin A11 membrane shift and reduced ANO1 surface expression. CONCLUSION Cholangiocellular annexin A11 mediates apical membrane abundance of the chloride channel ANO1, thereby supporting biliary bicarbonate secretion. Insertion is inhibited by IRC patient serum containing anti-annexin A11 IgG1/IgG4-autoantibodies. Anti-annexin A11 autoantibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of IRC by weakening the 'biliary bicarbonate umbrella'. LAY SUMMARY We previously identified annexin A11 as a specific autoantigen in immunoglobulin G4-related cholangitis (IRC), a B-cell driven disease affecting the bile ducts. Human cholangiocytes are protected against harmful hydrophobic bile acid influx by a defense mechanism referred to as the 'biliary bicarbonate umbrella'. We found that annexin A11 is required for the formation of a robust bicarbonate umbrella. Binding of patient-derived annexin A11 autoantibodies inhibits annexin A11 function, possibly contributing to bile duct damage by weakening the biliary bicarbonate umbrella in patients with IRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Herta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Kersten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lowiek Hubers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simei Go
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Tolenaars
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C Paulusma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael H Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ronald Oude Elferink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bharadwaj A, Kempster E, Waisman DM. The Annexin A2/S100A10 Complex: The Mutualistic Symbiosis of Two Distinct Proteins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121849. [PMID: 34944495 PMCID: PMC8699243 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic symbiosis refers to the symbiotic relationship between individuals of different species in which both individuals benefit from the association. S100A10, a member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, exists as a tight dimer and binds two annexin A2 molecules. This association forms the annexin A2/S100A10 complex known as AIIt, and modifies the distinct functions of both proteins. Annexin A2 is a Ca2+-binding protein that binds F-actin, phospholipid, RNA, and specific polysaccharides such as heparin. S100A10 does not bind Ca2+, but binds tPA, plasminogen, certain plasma membrane ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and the structural scaffold protein, AHNAK. S100A10 relies on annexin A2 for its intracellular survival: in the absence of annexin A2, it is rapidly destroyed by ubiquitin-dependent and independent proteasomal degradation. Annexin A2 requires S100A10 to increase its affinity for Ca2+, facilitating its participation in Ca2+-dependent processes such as membrane binding. S100A10 binds tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen, and promotes plasminogen activation to plasmin, which is a process stimulated by annexin A2. In contrast, annexin A2 acts as a plasmin reductase and facilitates the autoproteolytic destruction of plasmin. This review examines the relationship between annexin A2 and S100A10, and how their mutualistic symbiosis affects the function of both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu Bharadwaj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.B.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.B.); (E.K.)
| | - David Morton Waisman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.B.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1803; Fax: +1-(902)-494-1355
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Li Y, Zhong L, Lee CL, Chiu PCN, Chen M. Identification of Adrenomedullin-Induced S-Nitrosylated Proteins in JEG-3 Placental Cells. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1296-1304. [PMID: 34462873 PMCID: PMC8907116 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVCT) is responsible for trophoblast invasion, which is important during placentation. Dysregulation of the process leads to pregnancy complications. S-nitrosylation of proteins is associated with cell invasion in many cell types. Adrenomedullin (ADM), a polypeptide expressed abundantly in the first-trimester placentas, induces EVCT invasion by upregulation of protein S-nitrosylation. This study aimed to identify the S-nitrosylated proteins induced by ADM in the JEG-3 placental cells. By using affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometric analysis, tubulin, enolase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1, actin, annexin II (ANX II), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenaseprotein-1 were found to be S-nitrosylated by ADM. In vitro treatment with ADM or S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) significantly increased the ANX II surface expression, but not its total expression in the JEG-3 cells. Translocation of ANX II to cell surface has been reported to act as a cell surface receptor to plasmin, plasminogen, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), thereby stimulating cell invasion and migration. However, in this study, ADM-induced surface expression of ANX II in the JEG-3 cells was not associated with changes in the secretory and membrane-bound tPA activities. Future studies are required to understand the roles of surface expression of S-nitrosylated ANX II on trophoblast functions. To conclude, this study provided evidences that ADM regulated the nitric oxide signaling pathway and modulated trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuying Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Gabel M, Royer C, Thahouly T, Calco V, Gasman S, Bader MF, Vitale N, Chasserot-Golaz S. Annexin A2 Egress during Calcium-Regulated Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092059. [PMID: 32917016 PMCID: PMC7564067 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a calcium- and lipid-binding protein involved in neuroendocrine secretion where it participates in the formation and/or stabilization of lipid micro-domains required for structural and spatial organization of the exocytotic machinery. We have recently described that phosphorylation of AnxA2 on Tyr23 is critical for exocytosis. Considering that Tyr23 phosphorylation is known to promote AnxA2 externalization to the outer face of the plasma membrane in different cell types, we examined whether this phenomenon occurred in neurosecretory chromaffin cells. Using immunolabeling and biochemical approaches, we observed that nicotine stimulation triggered the egress of AnxA2 to the external leaflets of the plasma membrane in the vicinity of exocytotic sites. AnxA2 was found co-localized with tissue plasminogen activator, previously described on the surface of chromaffin cells following secretory granule release. We propose that AnxA2 might be a cell surface tissue plasminogen activator receptor for chromaffin cells, thus playing a role in autocrine or paracrine regulation of exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gabel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Cathy Royer
- Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro, Neuropôle, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Tamou Thahouly
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Valérie Calco
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Marie-France Bader
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Sylvette Chasserot-Golaz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (T.T.); (V.C.); (S.G.); (M.-F.B.); (N.V.)
- Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro, Neuropôle, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +333-88-45-67-39
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Bittel DC, Chandra G, Tirunagri LMS, Deora AB, Medikayala S, Scheffer L, Defour A, Jaiswal JK. Annexin A2 Mediates Dysferlin Accumulation and Muscle Cell Membrane Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091919. [PMID: 32824910 PMCID: PMC7565960 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle cell plasma membrane is frequently damaged by mechanical activity, and its repair requires the membrane protein dysferlin. We previously identified that, similar to dysferlin deficit, lack of annexin A2 (AnxA2) also impairs repair of skeletal myofibers. Here, we have studied the mechanism of AnxA2-mediated muscle cell membrane repair in cultured muscle cells. We find that injury-triggered increase in cytosolic calcium causes AnxA2 to bind dysferlin and accumulate on dysferlin-containing vesicles as well as with dysferlin at the site of membrane injury. AnxA2 accumulates on the injured plasma membrane in cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains and requires Src kinase activity and the presence of cholesterol. Lack of AnxA2 and its failure to translocate to the plasma membrane, both prevent calcium-triggered dysferlin translocation to the plasma membrane and compromise repair of the injured plasma membrane. Our studies identify that Anx2 senses calcium increase and injury-triggered change in plasma membrane cholesterol to facilitate dysferlin delivery and repair of the injured plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Bittel
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Av NW, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (D.C.B.); (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Av NW, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (D.C.B.); (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Laxmi M. S. Tirunagri
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Arun B. Deora
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Sushma Medikayala
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Av NW, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (D.C.B.); (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Luana Scheffer
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Av NW, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (D.C.B.); (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Aurelia Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Av NW, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (D.C.B.); (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Av NW, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (D.C.B.); (G.C.); (S.M.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
- Department of Genomics and Precision medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(202)476-6456; Fax: +1-(202)476-6014
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Annexin A2 in Inflammation and Host Defense. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061499. [PMID: 32575495 PMCID: PMC7348701 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional calcium2+ (Ca2+) and phospholipid-binding protein that is expressed in a wide spectrum of cells, including those participating in the inflammatory response. In acute inflammation, the interaction of AnxA2 with actin and adherens junction VE-cadherins underlies its role in regulating vascular integrity. In addition, its contribution to endosomal membrane repair impacts several aspects of inflammatory regulation, including lysosome repair, which regulates inflammasome activation, and autophagosome biogenesis, which is essential for macroautophagy. On the other hand, AnxA2 may be co-opted to promote adhesion, entry, and propagation of bacteria or viruses into host cells. In the later stages of acute inflammation, AnxA2 contributes to the initiation of angiogenesis, which promotes tissue repair, but, when dysregulated, may also accompany chronic inflammation. AnxA2 is overexpressed in malignancies, such as breast cancer and glioblastoma, and likely contributes to cancer progression in the context of an inflammatory microenvironment. We conclude that annexin AnxA2 normally fulfills a spectrum of anti-inflammatory functions in the setting of both acute and chronic inflammation but may contribute to disease states in settings of disordered homeostasis.
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14
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Membrane Binding Promotes Annexin A2 Oligomerization. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051169. [PMID: 32397265 PMCID: PMC7291239 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a cytosolic Ca2+ regulated membrane binding protein that can induce lipid domain formation and plays a role in exocytosis and endocytosis. To better understand the mode of annexin-membrane interaction, we analyzed membrane-bound AnxA2 assemblies by employing a novel 3-armed chemical crosslinker and specific AnxA2 mutant proteins. Our data show that AnxA2 forms crosslinkable oligomers upon binding to membranes containing negatively charged phospholipids. AnxA2 mutants with amino acid substitutions in residues predicted to be involved in lateral protein–protein interaction show compromised oligomer formation, albeit still being capable of binding to negatively charged membranes in the presence of Ca2+. These results suggest that lateral protein–protein interactions are involved in the formation of AnxA2 clusters on a biological membrane.
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Intricacies of the Molecular Machinery of Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Secretion by Chromaffin Cells of the Normal Adrenal Medulla and in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081121. [PMID: 31390824 PMCID: PMC6721535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal medulla is composed predominantly of chromaffin cells producing and secreting the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion is a complex and tightly controlled physiologic process. The pathways involved have been extensively studied, and various elements of the underlying molecular machinery have been identified. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the route from stimulus to secretion of catecholamines by the normal adrenal chromaffin cell compared to chromaffin tumor cells in pheochromocytomas. Pheochromocytomas are adrenomedullary tumors that are characterized by uncontrolled synthesis and secretion of catecholamines. This uncontrolled secretion can be partly explained by perturbations of the molecular catecholamine secretory machinery in pheochromocytoma cells. Chromaffin cell tumors also include sympathetic paragangliomas originating in sympathetic ganglia. Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are usually locally confined tumors, but about 15% do metastasize to distant locations. Histopathological examination currently poorly predicts future biologic behavior, thus long term postoperative follow-up is required. Therefore, there is an unmet need for prognostic biomarkers. Clearer understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the secretory characteristics of pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas may offer one approach for the discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers for improved therapeutic targeting and monitoring of treatment or disease progression.
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Koerdt SN, Ashraf APK, Gerke V. Annexins and plasma membrane repair. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 84:43-65. [PMID: 31610865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane wound repair is a cell-autonomous process that is triggered by Ca2+ entering through the site of injury and involves membrane resealing, i.e., re-establishment of a continuous plasma membrane, as well as remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Among other things, the injury-induced Ca2+ elevation initiates the wound site recruitment of Ca2+-regulated proteins that function in the course of repair. Annexins are a class of such Ca2+-regulated proteins. They associate with acidic phospholipids of cellular membranes in their Ca2+ bound conformation with Ca2+ sensitivities ranging from the low to high micromolar range depending on the respective annexin protein. Annexins accumulate at sites of plasma membrane injury in a temporally controlled manner and are thought to function by controlling membrane rearrangements at the wound site, most likely in conjunction with other repair proteins such as dysferlin. Their role in membrane repair, which has been evidenced in several model systems, will be discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Koerdt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arsila P K Ashraf
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Gabel M, Delavoie F, Royer C, Tahouly T, Gasman S, Bader MF, Vitale N, Chasserot-Golaz S. Phosphorylation cycling of Annexin A2 Tyr23 is critical for calcium-regulated exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1207-1217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aareskjold E, Grindheim AK, Hollås H, Goris M, Lillehaug JR, Vedeler A. Two tales of Annexin A2 knock-down: One of compensatory effects by antisense RNA and another of a highly active hairpin ribozyme. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:253-263. [PMID: 31158338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides altering its own expression during cell transformation, Annexin A2 is upregulated during the progression of many cancer types and also plays key roles during viral infection and multiplication. Consequently, there has been great interest in Annexin A2 as a potential drug target. The successful design of efficient in vivo delivery systems constitutes an obstacle in full exploitation of antisense and RNA-cleaving technologies for the knock-down of specific targets. Efficiency is dependent on the method of delivery and accessibility of the target. Here, hairpin ribozymes and an antisense RNA against rat annexin A2 mRNA were tested for their efficiencies in a T7-driven coupled transcription/translation system. The most efficient ribozyme and antisense RNA were subsequently inserted into a retroviral vector under the control of a tRNA promoter, in a cassette inserted between retroviral Long Terminal Repeats for stable insertion into host DNA. The Phoenix package system based on defective retroviruses was used for virus-mediated gene transfer into PC12 cells. Cells infected with the ribozyme-containing particles died shortly after infection. However, the same ribozyme showed a very high catalytic effect in vitro in cell lysates, explained by its loose hinge helix 2 region. This principle can be transferred to other ribozymes, such as those designed to cleave the guide RNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as to target specific viral RNAs. Interestingly, efficient down-regulation of the expression of Annexin A2 by the antisense RNA resulted in up-regulation of Annexin A7 as a compensatory effect after several cell passages. Indeed, compensatory effects have previously been observed during gene knock-out, but not during knock-down of protein expression. This highlights the problems in interpreting the phenotypic effects of knocking down the expression of a protein. In addition, these data are highly relevant when considering the effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Aareskjold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Kari Grindheim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Hollås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Goris
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan R Lillehaug
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Sun J, Li B, Sun A, Zhao K, Ma Y, Zhao J, Pan H, Song Q, Wang Y, Yu C, Wang C, Zhang H, Zhang W, Kong C. Comprehensive analysis of aberrantly expressed profiles of messenger RNA in alcoholic liver disease. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4248-4254. [PMID: 30294942 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality of clinical liver disease worldwide. Until today, although many general therapies are carried out and several molecular targets have been proposed to act as the potential therapeutic targets, more accurate molecular targets and more effective therapeutic methods remain needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the study, we analyze the differential expression genes (DEGs) between the patients with ALD and healthy controls. Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG signaling pathway analysis are performed to identify the function of DEGs. Some significant molecules are proposed to act as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD. RNA data of 15 ALD tissues and 7 normal tissues for RNA expression analysis were obtained. DEGs in ALD samples compared with normal tissues identified through the limma R package and subjected to network analysis. RESULTS As a result, we obtained a total of 274 DEGs that mainly involved in biological processes related to the angiogenesis, stress reaction, synthesis, and metabolism of organic acids. Network analysis obtained several genes with high network degree and fold change. Some significant molecules are proposed to act as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD. CONCLUSIONS Our research identified some new progression-related genes of alcohol liver diseases, which could be regarded as the new targets for the early diagnosis and therapeutic management in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Sun
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Li
- Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Antao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhao
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Department of Academic Theory and Research, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrui Song
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Yu
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfan Kong
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Actin Remodeling in Regulated Exocytosis: Toward a Mesoscopic View. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:685-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Holthenrich A, Gerke V. Regulation of von-Willebrand Factor Secretion from Endothelial Cells by the Annexin A2-S100A10 Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061752. [PMID: 29899263 PMCID: PMC6032327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells serve as gatekeepers of vascular hemostasis and local inflammatory reactions. They can rapidly respond to changes in the environment, caused, for example, by blood vessel injury, tissue damage or infection, by secreting in a strictly regulated manner factors regulating these processes. These factors include adhesion receptors for circulating leukocytes and platelets, P-selectin and von-Willebrand factor (VWF) that are stored in specialized secretory granules of endothelial cells, the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB). Acute exposure of these adhesion molecules converts the endothelial cell surface from an anti-adhesive state enabling unrestricted flow of circulating blood cells to an adhesive one capable of capturing leukocytes (through P-selectin) and platelets (through VWF). While these are important (patho)physiological responses, compromised or dysregulated WPB secretion can cause pathologies such as excessive bleeding or vascular occlusion. Several factors are involved in regulating the exocytosis of WPB and thus represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions in these pathologies. Among them, the annexin A2 (AnxA2)-S100A10 complex has been shown to participate in the tethering/docking of secretion-competent WPB at the plasma membrane, and interference with AnxA2/S100A10 expression or complex formation significantly reduces acute WPB exocytosis and VWF release. Thus, developing specific means to efficiently block AnxA2-S100A10 complex formation in endothelial cells could lead to novel avenues towards interfering with acute vascular thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holthenrich
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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When a transmembrane channel isn't, or how biophysics and biochemistry (mis)communicate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1099-1104. [PMID: 29408340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are a family of soluble proteins that bind to acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine in a calcium-dependent manner. The archetypical member of the annexin family is annexin A5. For many years, its function remained unknown despite the availability of a high-resolution structure. This, combined with the observations of specific ion conductance in annexin-bound membranes, fueled speculations about the possible membrane-spanning forms of annexins that functioned as ion channels. The channel hypothesis remained controversial and did not gather sufficient evidence to become accepted. Yet, it continues to draw attention as a framework for interpreting indirect (e.g., biochemical) data. The goal of the mini-review is to examine the data on annexin-lipid interactions from the last ~30 years from the point of view of the controversy between the two lines of inquiry: the well-characterized peripheral assembly of the annexins at membranes vs. their putative transmembrane insertion. In particular, the potential role of lipid rearrangements induced by annexin binding is highlighted.
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Xiao Y, Shaw GS, Konermann L. Calcium-Mediated Control of S100 Proteins: Allosteric Communication via an Agitator/Signal Blocking Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11460-11470. [PMID: 28758397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric proteins possess dynamically coupled residues for the propagation of input signals to distant target binding sites. The input signals usually correspond to "effector is present" or "effector is not present". Many aspects of allosteric regulation remain incompletely understood. This work focused on S100A11, a dimeric EF-hand protein with two hydrophobic target binding sites. An annexin peptide (Ax) served as the target. Target binding is allosterically controlled by Ca2+ over a distance of ∼26 Å. Ca2+ promotes formation of a [Ca4 S100 Ax2] complex, where the Ax peptides are accommodated between helices III/IV and III'/IV'. Without Ca2+ these binding sites are closed, precluding interactions with Ax. The allosteric mechanism was probed by microsecond MD simulations in explicit water, complemented by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HDX/MS). Consistent with experimental data, MD runs in the absence of Ca2+ and Ax culminated in target binding site closure. In simulations on [Ca4 S100] the target binding sites remained open. These results capture the essence of allosteric control, revealing how Ca2+ prevents binding site closure. Both HDX/MS and MD data showed that the metalation sites become more dynamic after Ca2+ loss. However, these enhanced dynamics do not represent the primary trigger of the allosteric cascade. Instead, a labile salt bridge acts as an incessantly active "agitator" that destabilizes the packing of adjacent residues, causing a domino chain of events that culminates in target binding site closure. This agitator represents the starting point of the allosteric signal propagation pathway. Ca2+ binding rigidifies elements along this pathway, thereby blocking signal transmission. This blocking mechanism does not conform to the commonly held view that allosteric communication pathways generally originate at the sites where effectors interact with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Gerke V. Annexins A2 and A8 in endothelial cell exocytosis and the control of vascular homeostasis. Biol Chem 2017; 397:995-1003. [PMID: 27451994 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel homeostasis is controlled by a variety of regulatory circuits that involve both the vessel-lining endothelial cells as well as the circulating blood cells and products thereof. One important feature is the control exerted by endothelial cells through regulated exocytosis of factors affecting blood coagulation and local inflammatory processes. These factors include two important adhesion proteins: the leukocyte receptor P-selectin and the pro-coagulant von Willebrand factor (VWF) that binds platelets and is involved in the formation of a platelet plug at sites of blood vessel injury. Failure to correctly produce and secrete P-selectin and VWF leads to pathologies such as von Willebrand disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. P-selectin and VWF are stored in unique secretory granules, the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB), that undergo a complex maturation process and are acutely secreted following endothelial stimulation, e.g. in the course of inflammation or following blood vessel injury. Two annexins have been shown to be involved in different aspects of WPB biology: annexin A8 is required for proper WPB maturation and annexin A2 participates in late steps of WPB exocytosis. Thus, by affecting the stimulated release of P-selectin and VWF from endothelial cells, annexins fulfil important functions in the control of vascular homeostasis and could be considered as targets for influencing P-selectin- and VWF-dependent processes/pathologies.
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Katano M, Kurokawa MS, Matsuo K, Masuko K, Suematsu N, Okamoto K, Kamada T, Nakamura H, Kato T. Phosphoproteome analysis of synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:708-721. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Katano
- Research and Development, Clinical Department; LSI Medience Corporation; Tokyo Japan
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Manae S. Kurokawa
- Disease Biomarker Analysis and Molecular Regulation; St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Kayo Masuko
- Preventive Medical Center; Sanno Hospital Medical Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Suematsu
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; International University of Health and Welfare; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
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