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Alves M, Gil B, Villegas-Salmerón J, Salari V, Martins-Ferreira R, Arribas Blázquez M, Menéndez Méndez A, Da Rosa Gerbatin R, Smith J, de Diego-Garcia L, Conte G, Sierra-Marquez J, Merino Serrais P, Mitra M, Fernandez Martin A, Wang Y, Kesavan J, Melia C, Parras A, Beamer E, Zimmer B, Heiland M, Cavanagh B, Parcianello Cipolat R, Morgan J, Teng X, Prehn JHM, Fabene PF, Bertini G, Artalejo AR, Ballestar E, Nicke A, Olivos-Oré LA, Connolly NMC, Henshall DC, Engel T. Opposing effects of the purinergic P2X7 receptor on seizures in neurons and microglia in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:121-140. [PMID: 38777288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purinergic ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is increasingly recognized to contribute to pathological neuroinflammation and brain hyperexcitability. P2X7R expression has been shown to be increased in the brain, including both microglia and neurons, in experimental models of epilepsy and patients. To date, the cell type-specific downstream effects of P2X7Rs during seizures remain, however, incompletely understood. METHODS Effects of P2X7R signaling on seizures and epilepsy were analyzed in induced seizure models using male mice including the kainic acid model of status epilepticus and pentylenetetrazole model and in male and female mice in a genetic model of Dravet syndrome. RNA sequencing was used to analyze P2X7R downstream signaling during seizures. To investigate the cell type-specific role of the P2X7R during seizures and epilepsy, we generated mice lacking exon 2 of the P2rx7 gene in either microglia (P2rx7:Cx3cr1-Cre) or neurons (P2rx7:Thy-1-Cre). To investigate the protective potential of overexpressing P2X7R in GABAergic interneurons, P2X7Rs were overexpressed using adeno-associated virus transduction under the mDlx promoter. RESULTS RNA sequencing of hippocampal tissue from wild-type and P2X7R knock-out mice identified both glial and neuronal genes, in particular genes involved in GABAergic signaling, under the control of the P2X7R following seizures. Mice with deleted P2rx7 in microglia displayed less severe acute seizures and developed a milder form of epilepsy, and microglia displayed an anti-inflammatory molecular profile. In contrast, mice lacking P2rx7 in neurons showed a more severe seizure phenotype when compared to epileptic wild-type mice. Analysis of single-cell expression data revealed that human P2RX7 expression is elevated in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Functional studies determined that GABAergic interneurons display increased responses to P2X7R activation in experimental epilepsy. Finally, we show that viral transduction of P2X7R in GABAergic interneurons protects against evoked and spontaneous seizures in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy and in mice lacking Scn1a, a model of Dravet syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a dual and opposing action of P2X7R in epilepsy and suggest P2X7R overexpression in GABAergic interneurons as a novel therapeutic strategy for acquired and, possibly, genetic forms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Gil
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Javier Villegas-Salmerón
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Valentina Salari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ricardo Martins-Ferreira
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Arribas Blázquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odon, Spain
| | - Rogerio Da Rosa Gerbatin
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Laura de Diego-Garcia
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalon, 118 (28037), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Juan Sierra-Marquez
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo S/N, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Paula Merino Serrais
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo S/N, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Meghma Mitra
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ana Fernandez Martin
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jaideep Kesavan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ciara Melia
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; VivoArchitect, Route de la Corniche 5, 1066 Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Parras
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Edward Beamer
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Béla Zimmer
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rafael Parcianello Cipolat
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - James Morgan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xinchen Teng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Paolo F Fabene
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio R Artalejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis A Olivos-Oré
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland.
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Wu D, Zhang X, Zimmerly KM, Wang R, Wang C, Hunter R, Wu X, Campen M, Liu M, Yang XO. Unfolded protein response factor ATF6 augments T helper cell responses and promotes mixed granulocytic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:499-512. [PMID: 37209959 PMCID: PMC10530451 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is associated with the risk of asthma, including treatment-refractory severe asthma. Recent studies demonstrated a pathogenic role of activating transcription factor 6a (ATF6a or ATF6), an essential UPR sensor, in airway structural cells. However, its role in T helper (TH) cells has not been well examined. In this study, we found that ATF6 was selectively induced by signal transducer and activator of transcription6 (STAT6) and STAT3 in TH2 and TH17 cells, respectively. ATF6 upregulated UPR genes and promoted the differentiation and cytokine secretion of TH2 and TH17 cells. T cell-specific Atf6-deficiency impaired TH2 and TH17 responses in vitro and in vivo and attenuated mixed granulocytic experimental asthma. ATF6 inhibitor Ceapin A7 suppressed the expression of ATF6 downstream genes and TH cell cytokines by both murine and human memory clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells. At the chronic stage of asthma, administration of Ceapin A7 lessened TH2 and TH17 responses, leading to alleviation of both airway neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Thus, our results demonstrate a critical role of ATF6 in TH2 and TH17 cell-driven mixed granulocytic airway disease, suggesting a novel option to combat steroid-resistant mixed and even T2-low endotypes of asthma by targeting ATF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Kourtney M Zimmerly
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Russell Hunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA; Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Matthew Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
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Fan Q, Takarada-Iemata M, Okitani N, Tamatani T, Ishii H, Hattori T, Kiryu-Seo S, Kiyama H, Hori O. Brain injury triggers cell-type-specific and time-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. Glia 2023; 71:667-681. [PMID: 36412235 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signal transduction network that responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by coordinating protein homeostasis to maintain cell viability. The UPR can also trigger cell death when adaptive responses fail to improve protein homeostasis. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that the UPR plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain insults, our understanding of how ER stress is induced under neuropathological conditions is limited. Here, we investigated the cell- and time-specific patterns of the ER stress response after brain injury using ER stress-activated indicator (ERAI) mice, which enable monitoring of the UPR in vivo via increased fluorescence of a spliced XBP-1 protein fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant Venus. Following cortical stab injury of ERAI mice, the GFP signal and number of GFP+ cells increased in the ipsilateral cortex throughout the observation period (6 h to 7 days post-injury), confirming the induction of the UPR. GFP signals were observed in injured neurons early (from 6 h) after brain injury. However, non-neuronal cells, mainly endothelial cells followed by astrocytes, accounted for the majority of GFP+ cells after brain injury. Similar results were obtained in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that activation of the UPR in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, especially endothelial cells and astrocytes, may play an important role in and could be a potential therapeutic target for acute brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Fan
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nahoko Okitani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamatani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sumiko Kiryu-Seo
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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4
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ATF6β Deficiency Elicits Anxiety-like Behavior and Hyperactivity Under Stress Conditions. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2175-2186. [PMID: 36853481 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-regulated transcription factor that induces expression of major molecular chaperones in the ER. We recently reported that ATF6β, a subtype of ATF6, promoted survival of hippocampal neurons exposed to ER stress and excitotoxicity, at least in part by inducing expression of calreticulin, an ER molecular chaperone with high Ca2+-binding capacity. In the present study, we demonstrate that ATF6β deficiency in mice also decreases calreticulin expression and increases expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, another ER molecular chaperone, in emotional brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Comprehensive behavioral analyses revealed that Atf6b-/- mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior in the light/dark transition test and hyperactivity in the forced swim test. Consistent with these results, PFC and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression was increased in Atf6b-/- mice, as was circulating corticosterone. Moreover, CRH receptor 1 antagonism alleviated anxiety-like behavior in Atf6b-/- mice. These findings suggest that ATF6β deficiency produces anxiety-like behavior and hyperactivity via a CRH receptor 1-dependent mechanism. ATF6β could play a role in psychiatric conditions in the emotional centers of the brain.
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Yuan Z, Lu L, Lian Y, Zhao Y, Tang T, Xu S, Yao Z, Yu Z. AA147 ameliorates post-cardiac arrest cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the co-regulation of the ATF6 and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028002. [PMID: 36506549 PMCID: PMC9727236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion caused by cardiac arrest (CA) disturbs endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and redox balance in neurons. AA147, originally developed as a pharmacologic activator of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), can protect multiple tissues from ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restoring ER function. However, it is unclear whether pharmacologic treatment of AA147 could ameliorate post-CA cerebral IRI and whether it is associated with proteostasis regulation and anti-oxidative stress mechanism. In the present study, mice were subjected to 9 min-CA surgery followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). AA147 or vehicle was administered 1 day before the operation and 15 min after the return of spontaneous circulation. We found that AA147 restored neurological function and reduced dead neurons in mice suffering from CA. Moreover, AA147 inhibited CA/CPR-caused neuronal apoptosis and ER stress, indicated by reduced TUNEL-positive neurons, surged expression of Bcl-2/Bax, and down expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). The expression of ATF6 and its regulated gene glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) increased significantly after the administration of AA147, suggesting the activation of the ATF6 pathway. In addition, AA147 also alleviated the upsurge of the ROS generation and MDA levels as well as increased SOD activity, accompanied by enhancement of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its modulated heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions. Cotreatment of AA147 with inhibitors of the ATF6 or Nrf2 significantly suppressed AA147-dependent reductions in ROS scavenging and neuronal death after CA/CPR. The results suggested that AA147 could confer neuroprotection against post-CA cerebral IRI through inhibition of oxidative stress along with ER stress-associated apoptosis, which is attributed to the coregulation of both ATF6 and Nrf2 signaling pathways activity. Our findings support the potential for AA147 as a therapeutic approach to improve post-CA brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingtao Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanrui Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhun Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhui Yu,
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Yao X, Wu Y, Xiao T, Zhao C, Gao F, Liu S, Tao Z, Jiang Y, Chen S, Ye J, Chen H, Long Q, Wang H, Zhou X, Shao Q, Qi L, Xia S. T-cell-specific Sel1L deletion exacerbates EAE by promoting Th1/Th17-cell differentiation. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:13-26. [PMID: 35696849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases identified by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the brain. The Sel1L-Hrd1 complex comprising endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) is an ER-protein quality control system (ERQC) in the cell. Unfortunately, the contribution of ERAD to the development of these diseases has not been well explored. In this study, we used mice with a conditional deletion (KO) of Sel1L in T cells to dissect the role of ERAD on T cells and its contribution to the development of EAE. The results showed that Sel1L KO mice developed more severe EAE than the control wild type (WT) mice. Although, no obvious effects on peripheral T cells in steady state, more CD44-CD25+ double-negative stage 3 (DN3) cells were detected in the thymus. Moreover, Sel1L deficiency promoted the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and upregulated the proliferation and apoptosis of CD4 T cells in vitro. Regarding the mechanism analyzed by RNA sequencing, 437 downregulated genes and 271 upregulated genes were detected in Sel1L deletion CD4 T cells, which covered the activation, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of these T cells. Thus, this study declared that the dysfunction of Sel1L in ERAD in T cells exacerbated the severity of EAE and indicated the important role of ERQC in maintaining immune homeostasis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linyi Center Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong 276400, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinic Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Fengwei Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zehua Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 225300, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affifiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Zendehdel M, Baghbanzadeh A, Khodadadi M. Molecular mechanisms highlighting the potential role of COVID-19 in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiol Int 2022; 109:135-162. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to the pulmonary manifestations, COVID-19 patients may present a wide range of neurological disorders as extrapulmonary presentations. In this view, several studies have recently documented the worsening of neurological symptoms within COVID-19 morbidity in patients previously diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Moreover, several cases have also been reported in which the patients presented parkinsonian features after initial COVID-19 symptoms. These data raise a major concern about the possibility of communication between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the initiation and/or worsening of NDs. In this review, we have collected compelling evidence suggesting SARS-CoV-2, as an environmental factor, may be capable of developing NDs. In this respect, the possible links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and molecular pathways related to most NDs and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the NDs such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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8
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Molecular regulation of neuroinflammation in glaucoma: Current knowledge and the ongoing search for new treatment targets. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 87:100998. [PMID: 34348167 PMCID: PMC8803988 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation relying on the inflammatory responses of glial cells has emerged as an impactful component of the multifactorial etiology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. It has become increasingly evident that despite early adaptive and reparative features of glial responses, prolonged reactivity of the resident glia, along with the peripheral immune cells, create widespread toxicity to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, somas, and synapses. As much as the synchronized responses of astrocytes and microglia to glaucoma-related stress or neuron injury, their bi-directional interactions are critical to build and amplify neuroinflammation and to dictate the neurodegenerative outcome. Although distinct molecular programs regulate somatic and axonal degeneration in glaucoma, inhibition of neurodegenerative inflammation can provide a broadly beneficial treatment strategy to rescue RGC integrity and function. Since inflammatory toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction are converging etiological paths that can boost each other and feed into a vicious cycle, anti-inflammatory treatments may also offer a multi-target potential. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on neuroinflammation in glaucoma with particular emphasis on the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors involved in the reciprocal regulation of glial responses, the interdependence between inflammatory and mitochondrial routes of neurodegeneration, and the research aspects inspiring for prospective immunomodulatory treatments. With the advent of powerful technologies, ongoing research on molecular and functional characteristics of glial responses is expected to accumulate more comprehensive and complementary information and to rapidly move the field forward to safe and effective modulation of the glial pro-inflammatory activities, while restoring or augmenting the glial immune-regulatory and neurosupport functions.
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9
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Shi M, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Neuronal Death and Innate Immune Response in Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794580. [PMID: 35082783 PMCID: PMC8784382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are closely related to cognitive and motor dysfunction associated with various neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous; however, they share a common pathogenesis, that is, the aberrant accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fortunately, the cell has intrinsic quality control mechanisms to maintain the proteostasis network, such as chaperone-mediated folding and ER-associated degradation. However, when these control mechanisms fail, misfolded/unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and contribute to ER stress. ER stress has been implicated in nearly all neurological diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis, and if the damage is irreversible, it elicits intracellular cascades of death and inflammation. With the growing appreciation of a functional association between ER stress and neurological diseases and with the improved understanding of the multiple underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacological and genetic targeting of ER stress are beginning to emerge as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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10
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Neuroinflammation Modulation via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Chaperone, RIC-3. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206139. [PMID: 34684720 PMCID: PMC8539643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in or on various cell types and have diverse functions. In immune cells nAChRs regulate proliferation, differentiation and cytokine release. Specifically, activation of the α7 nAChR reduces inflammation as part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Here we review numerous effects of α7 nAChR activation on immune cell function and differentiation. Further, we also describe evidence implicating this receptor and its chaperone RIC-3 in diseases of the central nervous system and in neuroinflammation, focusing on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Deregulated neuroinflammation due to dysfunction of α7 nAChR provides one explanation for involvement of this receptor and of RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we also provide evidence implicating α7 nAChRs and RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) involving neuroinflammation. Besides, we will describe the therapeutic implications of activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for diseases involving neuroinflammation.
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11
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Nguyen DT, Le TM, Hattori T, Takarada-Iemata M, Ishii H, Roboon J, Tamatani T, Kannon T, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Taniuchi S, Miyake M, Oyadomari S, Tanaka T, Kato N, Saito S, Mori K, Hori O. The ATF6β-calreticulin axis promotes neuronal survival under endoplasmic reticulum stress and excitotoxicity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13086. [PMID: 34158584 PMCID: PMC8219835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While ATF6α plays a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, the function of its paralogue ATF6β remains elusive, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrate that ATF6β is highly expressed in the hippocampus of the brain, and specifically regulates the expression of calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the ER with a high Ca2+-binding capacity. CRT expression was reduced to ~ 50% in the CNS of Atf6b−/− mice under both normal and ER stress conditions. Analysis using cultured hippocampal neurons revealed that ATF6β deficiency reduced Ca2+ stores in the ER and enhanced ER stress-induced death. The higher levels of death in Atf6b−/− neurons were recovered by ATF6β and CRT overexpressions, or by treatment with Ca2+-modulating reagents such as BAPTA-AM and 2-APB, and with an ER stress inhibitor salubrinal. In vivo, kainate-induced neuronal death was enhanced in the hippocampi of Atf6b−/− and Calr+/− mice, and restored by administration of 2-APB and salubrinal. These results suggest that the ATF6β-CRT axis promotes neuronal survival under ER stress and excitotoxity by improving intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Thuong Manh Le
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Human Anatomy, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamatani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shusuke Taniuchi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy II, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology I, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Saito
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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12
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Fernández D, Geisse A, Bernales JI, Lira A, Osorio F. The Unfolded Protein Response in Immune Cells as an Emerging Regulator of Neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682633. [PMID: 34177557 PMCID: PMC8226365 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance is an essential process that safeguards the homeostasis of a healthy brain. Among the increasing diversity of immune cells present in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia have emerged as a prominent leukocyte subset with key roles in the support of brain function and in the control of neuroinflammation. In fact, impaired microglial function is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Interestingly, these pathologies are also typified by protein aggregation and proteostasis dysfunction at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These processes trigger activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a conserved signaling network that maintains the fidelity of the cellular proteome. Remarkably, beyond its role in protein folding, the UPR has also emerged as a key regulator of the development and function of immune cells. However, despite this evidence, the contribution of the UPR to immune cell homeostasis, immune surveillance, and neuro-inflammatory processes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of the UPR in brain-associated immune cells in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Geisse
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Ignacio Bernales
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alonso Lira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress preserves cell viability and function under stressful conditions. Nevertheless, persistent, unresolvable activation of the unfolded protein response can trigger apoptosis to eliminate stressed cells. Recent studies show that the unfolded protein response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiples sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, spinal cord injury, tuberous sclerosis complex, and hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter injury. In this review we summarize the current literature on the unfolded protein response and the evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, C BK, Piperi C, Othman I. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Life Sci 2019; 238:116924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Noda M, Hatano M, Hattori T, Takarada-Iemata M, Shinozaki T, Sugimoto H, Ito M, Yoshizaki T, Hori O. Microglial activation in the cochlear nucleus after early hearing loss in rats. Auris Nasus Larynx 2019; 46:716-723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Nakada EM, Bhakta NR, Korwin-Mihavics BR, Kumar A, Chamberlain N, Bruno SR, Chapman DG, Hoffman SM, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Irvin CG, Dixon AE, Woodruff PG, Amin S, Poynter ME, Desai DH, Anathy V. Conjugated bile acids attenuate allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by inhibiting UPR transducers. JCI Insight 2019; 4:98101. [PMID: 31045581 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated bile acids (CBAs), such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), are known to resolve the inflammatory and unfolded protein response (UPR) in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. Whether CBAs exert their beneficial effects on allergic airway responses via 1 arm or several arms of the UPR, or alternatively through the signaling pathways for conserved bile acid receptor, remains largely unknown. We used a house dust mite-induced (HDM-induced) murine model of asthma to evaluate and compare the effects of 5 CBAs and 1 unconjugated bile acid in attenuating allergen-induced UPR and airway responses. Expression of UPR-associated transcripts was assessed in airway brushings from human patients with asthma and healthy subjects. Here we show that CBAs, such as alanyl β-muricholic acid (AβM) and TUDCA, significantly decreased inflammatory, immune, and cytokine responses; mucus metaplasia; and airway hyperresponsiveness, as compared with other CBAs in a model of allergic airway disease. CBAs predominantly bind to activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) compared with the other canonical transducers of the UPR, subsequently decreasing allergen-induced UPR activation and resolving allergic airway disease, without significant activation of the bile acid receptors. TUDCA and AβM also attenuated other HDM-induced ER stress markers in the lungs of allergic mice. Quantitative mRNA analysis of airway epithelial brushings from human subjects demonstrated that several ATF6α-related transcripts were significantly upregulated in patients with asthma compared with healthy subjects. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CBA-based therapy potently inhibits the allergen-induced UPR and allergic airway disease in mice via preferential binding of the canonical transducer of the UPR, ATF6α. These results potentially suggest a novel avenue to treat allergic asthma using select CBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Nakada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bethany R Korwin-Mihavics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sierra R Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Translational Airways Group, Discipline of Medical Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, Australia
| | - Sidra M Hoffman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Dhimant H Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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17
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Alfano C, Gladwyn-Ng I, Couderc T, Lecuit M, Nguyen L. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 30971894 PMCID: PMC6445045 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, together with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. In the wake of its emergence in the French Polynesia and in the Americas, ZIKV has been shown to cause congenital microcephaly. It is the first arbovirus which has been proven to be teratogenic and sexually transmissible. Confronted with this major public health challenge, the scientific and medical communities teamed up to precisely characterize the clinical features of congenital ZIKV syndrome and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review focuses on the critical impact of the unfolded protein response (UPR) on ZIKV-associated congenital microcephaly. ZIKV infection of cortical neuron progenitors leads to high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This results in both the stalling of indirect neurogenesis, and UPR-dependent neuronal apoptotic death, and leads to cortical microcephaly. In line with these results, the administration of molecules inhibiting UPR prevents ZIKV-induced cortical microcephaly. The discovery of the link between ZIKV infection and UPR activation has a broader relevance, since this pathway plays a crucial role in many distinct cellular processes and its induction by ZIKV may account for several reported ZIKV-associated defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Institut Imagine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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18
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García-González P, Cabral-Miranda F, Hetz C, Osorio F. Interplay Between the Unfolded Protein Response and Immune Function in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2541. [PMID: 30450103 PMCID: PMC6224445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the immune and nervous systems are in close interaction in health and disease conditions. Protein aggregation and proteostasis dysfunction at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are central contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main transduction pathway that maintains protein homeostasis under conditions of protein misfolding and aggregation. Brain inflammation often coexists with the degenerative process in different brain diseases. Interestingly, besides its well-described role in neuronal fitness, the UPR has also emerged as a key regulator of ontogeny and function of several immune cell types. Nevertheless, the contribution of the UPR to brain inflammation initiated by immune cells remains largely unexplored. In this review, we provide a perspective on the potential role of ER stress signaling in brain-associated immune cells and the possible implications to neuroinflammation and development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Brain Health and Metabolism, FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Brain Health and Metabolism, FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Mitochondria, Oxytocin, and Vasopressin: Unfolding the Inflammatory Protein Response. Neurotox Res 2018; 36:239-256. [PMID: 30259418 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine and immune signaling pathways are activated following insults such as stress, injury, and infection, in a systemic response aimed at restoring homeostasis. Mitochondrial metabolism and function have been implicated in the control of immune responses. Commonly studied along with mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely linked to cellular inflammatory responses. It is also accepted that cells experiencing mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induce response pathways in order to cope with protein-folding dysregulation, in homeostatic responses referred to as the unfolded protein responses (UPRs). Recent reports indicate that the UPRs may play an important role in immune responses. Notably, the homeostasis-regulating hormones oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) are also associated with the regulation of inflammatory responses and immune function. Intriguingly, OXT and AVP have been linked with ER unfolded protein responses (UPRER), and can impact ROS production and mitochondrial function. Here, we will review the evidence for interactions between these various factors and how these neuropeptides might influence mitochondrial processes.
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20
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Wang J, Wang X, Chen X, Lu S, Kuang Y, Fei J, Wang Z. Gpr97/Adgrg3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating cytokine expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:666-675. [PMID: 29860267 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis and its primary animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration that may be mediated by inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Gpr97, encoded by Adgrg3, has been reported to regulate the activity of NF-κB. In this study, using a previously established Adgrg3-knockout mouse model, we investigated the roles of Gpr97 in the development of autoimmune CNS disease in mice. We found a marked increase in the expression of Adgrg3 in spinal cords of mice with EAE. Adgrg3-deficient (Adgrg3-/-) mice with EAE exhibited increases in peak severity and the cumulative disease score compared with littermate controls, followed by a notable increase of leukocyte infiltration and more extensive demyelination. The percentages of Th1/Th17 cells in the CNS were significantly increased in Adgrg3-/- mice and accompanied by high levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-17. An in vitro culture assay verified that Gpr97 regulated proinflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our results show that Gpr97 plays an important role in the development of EAE and may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyi Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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Chu F, Shi M, Zheng C, Shen D, Zhu J, Zheng X, Cui L. The roles of macrophages and microglia in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 318:1-7. [PMID: 29606295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, as well as axonal and neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Macrophages and microglia are important components of the innate immune system. They participate in the primary response to microorganisms and play a role in inflammatory responses, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. In the initial phase of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, macrophages from peripheral tissues infiltrate into the CNS and, together with residential microglia, contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. In the early stages, microglia and macrophages are expressed as the M1 phenotype, which can release proinflammatory cytokines, leading to tissue damage in the CNS. However, in the later stage, the M2 phenotype, which is the phenotype that is associated with resolving inflammation and tissue repair, becomes predominant in the CNS. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the M1/M2 phenotype balance plays an important role in disease progression and that the transition from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the regulatory or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype can lead to restoration of homeostasis and improved functional outcomes. This review of recent literature focuses on the discussion of the M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages as well as their relevance in the pathophysiology and treatment of MS and EAE. Furthermore, the possibility of directing the polarization of microglia and macrophages toward the M2 phenotype as a therapeutic and preventative strategy for MS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Chu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingchao Shi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Donghui Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14157 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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22
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Le TM, Takarada-Iemata M, Ta HM, Roboon J, Ishii H, Tamatani T, Kitao Y, Hattori T, Hori O. Ndrg2 deficiency ameliorates neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2018; 145:139-153. [PMID: 29315585 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a differentiation- and stress-associated molecule that is predominantly expressed in astrocytes in the central nervous system. In this study, we examined the expression and role of NDRG2 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of NDRG2 was observed in astrocytes of spinal cord, and was enhanced after EAE induction. A comparative analysis of wild-type and Ndrg2-/- mice revealed that deletion of Ndrg2 ameliorated the clinical symptoms of EAE. Although Ndrg2 deficiency only slightly affected the inflammatory response, based on the results of flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry, it significantly reduced demyelination in the chronic phase, and, more importantly, neurodegeneration both in the acute and chronic phases. Further studies revealed that the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters, including glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter 1, was more maintained in the Ndrg2-/- mice compared with wild-type mice after EAE induction. Consistent with these results, studies using cultured astrocytes revealed that Ndrg2 gene silencing increased the expression of GLAST, while NDRG2 over-expression decreased it without altering the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The effect of NDRG2 on GLAST expression was associated with the activation of Akt, but not with the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. These findings suggest that NDRG2 plays a key role in the pathology of EAE by modulating glutamate metabolism. Cover Image for this Issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Manh Le
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hieu Minh Ta
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamatani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitao
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
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23
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Stone S, Wu S, Jamison S, Durose W, Pallais JP, Lin W. Activating transcription factor 6α deficiency exacerbates oligodendrocyte death and myelin damage in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases. Glia 2018; 66:1331-1345. [PMID: 29436030 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play a critical role in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by regulating the viability of oligodendrocytes. Our previous studies show that activation of the PERK branch of the UPR protects myelinating oligodendrocytes against ER stress in young, developing mice that express IFN-γ, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in MS and EAE, in the CNS. Several studies also demonstrate that PERK activation preserves oligodendrocyte viability and function, protecting mice against EAE. While evidence suggests activation of the ATF6α branch of the UPR in oligodendrocytes under normal and disease conditions, the effects of ATF6α activation on oligodendrocytes in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases remain unknown. Herein, we showed that ATF6α deficiency had no effect on oligodendrocytes under normal conditions. Interestingly, we showed that ATF6α deficiency exacerbated ER stressed-induced myelinating oligodendrocyte death and subsequent myelin loss in the developing CNS of IFN-γ-expressing mice. Moreover, we found that ATF6α deficiency increased EAE severity and aggravated EAE-induced oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination, without affecting inflammation. Thus, these data suggest the protective effects of ATF6α activation on oligodendrocytes in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie Jamison
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wilaiwan Durose
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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24
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Islam A, Choudhury ME, Kigami Y, Utsunomiya R, Matsumoto S, Watanabe H, Kumon Y, Kunieda T, Yano H, Tanaka J. Sustained anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β1 on microglia/macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:721-734. [PMID: 29269050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injuries caused release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate microglia/macrophages (MG/MPs) by binding to Toll-like receptors. Using middle cerebral artery transiently occluded rats, we confirmed that MG/MPs expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on 3days after reperfusion (dpr) in ischemic rat brain. iNOS expression almost disappeared on 7dpr when transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression was robustly increased. After transient incubation with TGF-β1 for 24h, rat primary microglial cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and released NO level was measured. The NO release was persistently suppressed even 72h after removal of TGF-β1. The sustained TGF-β1 effects were not attributable to microglia-derived endogenous TGF-β1, as revealed by TGF-β1 knockdown and in vitro quantification studies. Then, boiled supernatants prepared from ischemic brain tissues showed the similar sustained inhibitory effects on LPS-treated microglial cells that were prevented by the TGF-β1 receptor-selective blocker SB525334. After incubation with TGF-β1 for 24h and its subsequent removal, LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB kinases (IKKs), IκB degradation, and NFκB nuclear translocation were inhibited in a sustained manner. SB525334 abolished all these effects of TGF-β1. In consistent with the in vitro results, phosphorylated IKK-immunoreactivity was abundant in MG/MPs in ischemic brain lesion on 3dpr, whereas it was almost disappeared on 7dpr. The findings suggest that abundantly produced TGF-β1 in ischemic brain displays sustained anti-inflammatory effects on microglial cells by persistently inhibiting endogenous Toll-like receptor ligand-induced IκB degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kigami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Shirabe Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kumon
- Department of Regeneration of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan.
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25
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Murao N, Nishitoh H. Role of the unfolded protein response in the development of central nervous system. J Biochem 2017; 162:155-162. [PMID: 28903548 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular homeostatic signalling pathway that is induced by accumulated misfolded/unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The UPR is closely associated with the development of disease in several tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), in response to ER stress. More recently, the unique features and importance of the UPR have been revealed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and differentiated CNS cells [neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes)]. Although several UPR signalling pathways dynamically change in each CNS cell during brain development, the role of UPR signalling in CNS cells (especially NSCs and glial cells) under pathological or physiological conditions is poorly understood. Here, we discuss and summarize the recent progress in understanding how the UPR regulates the proliferation, differentiation, maturation and viability of CNS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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26
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Ke P, Shao BZ, Xu ZQ, Chen XW, Wei W, Liu C. Activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through regulation of β-arrestin-1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:875-884. [PMID: 28941191 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) could inhibit the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through regulation of β-arrestin-1 in monocyte/macrophage system, thus contributing to the control of neuroinflammation. METHODS The protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 (Casp-1) p20 and proCasp-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) p17 and proIL-1β, IL-18 and proIL-18 were measured using Western blotting. The mRNA levels of Casp-1 and IL-1β were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The colocalization and interaction of NLRP3 protein and β-arrestin-1 were measured by immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of β-arrestin-1 was significantly increased and colocalized with CD45-positive cells in spinal cord of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice when compared with the sham mice, which was attenuated by pretreatment with PNU282987, a specific α7nAChR agonist. PNU282987 also significantly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and thus decreased the production of IL-1β and IL-18 both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP-stimulated BV2 microglia in vitro and spinal cord from EAE mice in vivo, while inverse effects were observed in α7nAChR knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of β-arrestin-1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PNU282987 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/ATP-stimulated BV2 microglia. PNU282987 inhibited the interaction between β-arrestin-1 and NLRP3 protein in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that activating α7nAChR can lead to NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition via regulation of β-arrestin-1 in monocyte/microglia system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Naval Convalescent Zone of Hangzhou Sanatorium, Nanjing Military Command, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Kawasaki S, Abe N, Ohtake F, Islam A, Choudhury ME, Utsunomiya R, Kikuchi S, Nishihara T, Kuwabara J, Yano H, Watanabe Y, Aibiki M, Yorozuya T, Tanaka J. Effects of hypnotic bromovalerylurea on microglial BV2 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28645489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An old sedative and hypnotic bromovalerylurea (BU) has anti-inflammatory effects. BU suppressed nitric oxide (NO) release and proinflammatory cytokine expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells, a murine microglial cell line. However, BU did not inhibit LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and subsequent transcription. BU suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). The Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor filgotinib suppressed the NO release much more weakly than that of BU, although filgotinib almost completely prevented LPS-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. Knockdown of JAK1, STAT1, or IRF1 did not affect the suppressive effects of BU on LPS-induced NO release by BV2 cells. A combination of BU and filgotinib synergistically suppressed the NO release. The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone, which did not prevent STAT1 phosphorylation or IRF1 expression, suppressed proinflammatory mediator expression less significantly than BU. BU and rotenone reduced intracellular ATP (iATP) levels to a similar extent. A combination of rotenone and filgotinib suppressed NO release by LPS-treated BV2 cells as strongly as BU. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory actions of BU may be attributable to the synergism of inhibition of JAK1/STAT1-dependent pathways and reduction in iATP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naoki Abe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Fumito Ohtake
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Afsana Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Kuwabara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuji Watanabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mayuki Aibiki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yorozuya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Shao BZ, Ke P, Xu ZQ, Wei W, Cheng MH, Han BZ, Chen XW, Su DF, Liu C. Autophagy Plays an Important Role in Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms Stimulated by Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Front Immunol 2017; 8:553. [PMID: 28559895 PMCID: PMC5432615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been reported to alleviate neuroinflammation. Here, we aimed to determine the role of autophagy in α7nAChR-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and its underlying mechanism. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia were used as in vivo and in vitro models of neuroinflammation, respectively. The severity of EAE was evaluated with neurological scoring. Autophagy-related proteins (Beclin 1, LC3-II/I, p62/SQSTM1) were detected by immunoblot. Autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscopy and tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid was applied to test autophagy flux. The mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by real-time PCR. We used 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and autophagy-related gene 5 small interfering RNA (Atg5 siRNA) to block autophagy in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Activating α7nAChR with PNU282987 ameliorates EAE severity and spinal inflammatory infiltration in EAE mice. PNU282987 treatment also enhanced monocyte/microglia autophagy (Beclin 1, LC3-II/I ratio, p62/SQSTM1, colocalization of CD45- or CD68-positive cells with LC3) both in spinal cord and spleen from EAE mice. The beneficial effects of PNU282987 on EAE mice were partly abolished by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. In vitro, PNU282987 treatment increased autophagy and promoted autophagy flux. Blockade of autophagy by Atg5 siRNA or bafilomycin A1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PNU282987 on IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α mRNA. Our results demonstrate for the first time that activating α7nAChR enhances monocyte/microglia autophagy, which suppresses neuroinflammation and thus plays an alleviative role in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Ze Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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