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Wünkhaus D, Tang R, Nyame K, Laqtom NN, Schweizer M, Scotto Rosato A, Krogsæter EK, Wollnik C, Abu-Remaileh M, Grimm C, Hermey G, Kuhn R, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Markmann S. TRPML1 activation ameliorates lysosomal phenotypes in CLN3 deficient retinal pigment epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17469. [PMID: 39080379 PMCID: PMC11289453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lysosomal membrane protein CLN3 cause Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL). Activation of the lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 has previously been shown to be beneficial in several neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we tested whether TRPML1 activation rescues disease-associated phenotypes in CLN3-deficient retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19 CLN3-KO) cells. ARPE-19 CLN3-KO cells accumulate LAMP1 positive organelles and show lysosomal storage of mitochondrial ATPase subunit C (SubC), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs), whereas lysosomal bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP/LBPA) lipid levels were significantly decreased. Activation of TRPML1 reduced lysosomal storage of Gb3 and SubC but failed to restore BMP levels in CLN3-KO cells. TRPML1-mediated decrease of storage was TFEB-independent, and we identified TRPML1-mediated enhanced lysosomal exocytosis as a likely mechanism for clearing storage including GPDs. Therefore, ARPE-19 CLN3-KO cells represent a human cell model for CLN3 disease showing many of the described core lysosomal deficits, some of which can be improved using TRPML1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Charles River Laboratory, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - K Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Genetics and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - N N Laqtom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Genetics and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Schweizer
- Core Facility Morphology and Electronmicroscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Scotto Rosato
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - E K Krogsæter
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - M Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Genetics and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Munich/Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Kuhn
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
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Klein M, Hermey G. Converging links between adult-onset neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease and early life neurodegenerative neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1463-1471. [PMID: 36571343 PMCID: PMC10075119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from genetics and from analyzing cellular and animal models have converged to suggest links between neurodegenerative disorders of early and late life. Here, we summarize emerging links between the most common late life neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, and the most common early life neurodegenerative diseases, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Genetic studies reported an overlap of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and mutations in genes known to cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Accumulating data strongly suggest dysfunction of intracellular trafficking mechanisms and the autophagy-endolysosome system in both types of neurodegenerative disorders. This suggests shared cytopathological processes underlying these different types of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the common mechanisms underlying the different diseases is important as this might lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic concepts, the transfer of therapeutic strategies from one disease to the other and therapeutic approaches tailored to patients with specific mutations. Here, we review dysfunctions of the endolysosomal autophagy pathway in Alzheimer's disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and summarize emerging etiologic and genetic overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Relton EL, Roth NJ, Yasa S, Kaleem A, Hermey G, Minnis CJ, Mole SE, Shelkovnikova T, Lefrancois S, McCormick PJ, Locker N. The Batten disease protein CLN3 is important for stress granules dynamics and translational activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104649. [PMID: 36965618 PMCID: PMC10149212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of membrane-less organelles such as stress granules (SGs) is emerging as central in helping cells rapidly respond and adapt to stress. Following stress sensing, the resulting global translational shutoff leads to the condensation of stalled mRNAs and proteins into SGs. By reorganizing cytoplasmic contents, SGs can modulate RNA translation, biochemical reactions, and signaling cascades to promote survival until the stress is resolved. While mechanisms for SG disassembly are not widely understood, the resolution of SGs is important for maintaining cell viability and protein homeostasis. Mutations that lead to persistent or aberrant SGs are increasingly associated with neuropathology and a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in CLN3 are causative of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare neurodegenerative disease affecting children also known as Batten disease. CLN3 encodes a transmembrane lysosomal protein implicated in autophagy, endosomal trafficking, metabolism, and response to oxidative stress. Using a HeLa cell model lacking CLN3, we now show that CLN3KO is associated with an altered metabolic profile, reduced global translation, and altered stress signaling. Furthermore, loss of CLN3 function results in perturbations in SG dynamics, resulting in assembly and disassembly defects, and altered expression of the key SG nucleating factor G3BP1. With a growing interest in SG-modulating drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, novel insights into the molecular basis of CLN3 Batten disease may reveal avenues for disease-modifying treatments for this debilitating childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Relton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas J Roth
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Canada
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Minnis
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Mole
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana Shelkovnikova
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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4
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Laqtom NN, Dong W, Medoh UN, Cangelosi AL, Dharamdasani V, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Heinze I, Tang R, Grimm C, Dang Do AN, Porter FD, Ori A, Sabatini DM, Abu-Remaileh M. CLN3 is required for the clearance of glycerophosphodiesters from lysosomes. Nature 2022; 609:1005-1011. [PMID: 36131016 PMCID: PMC10510443 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes have many roles, including degrading macromolecules and signalling to the nucleus1. Lysosomal dysfunction occurs in various human conditions, such as common neurodegenerative diseases and monogenic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs)2-4. For most LSDs, the causal genes have been identified but, in some, the function of the implicated gene is unknown, in part because lysosomes occupy a small fraction of the cellular volume so that changes in lysosomal contents are difficult to detect. Here we develop the LysoTag mouse for the tissue-specific isolation of intact lysosomes that are compatible with the multimodal profiling of their contents. We used the LysoTag mouse to study CLN3, a lysosomal transmembrane protein with an unknown function. In children, the loss of CLN3 causes juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease), a lethal neurodegenerative LSD. Untargeted metabolite profiling of lysosomes from the brains of mice lacking CLN3 revealed a massive accumulation of glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs)-the end products of glycerophospholipid catabolism. GPDs also accumulate in the lysosomes of CLN3-deficient cultured cells and we show that CLN3 is required for their lysosomal egress. Loss of CLN3 also disrupts glycerophospholipid catabolism in the lysosome. Finally, we found elevated levels of glycerophosphoinositol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Batten disease, suggesting the potential use of glycerophosphoinositol as a disease biomarker. Our results show that CLN3 is required for the lysosomal clearance of GPDs and reveal Batten disease as a neurodegenerative LSD with a defect in glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf N Laqtom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Uche N Medoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Cangelosi
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ivonne Heinze
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - An N Dang Do
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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A Novel Variant in the LIPA Gene Associated with Distinct Phenotype. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 25:93-100. [PMID: 36880034 PMCID: PMC9985358 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL-D) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the LIPA gene. Spectrum of LAL-D ranges from early onset of hepatosplenomegaly and psychomotor regression (Wolman disease) to a more chronic course (cholesteryl ester storage disease - CESD). The diagnosis is based on lipid and biomarker profiles, specific liver histopathology, enzyme deficiency, and identification of causative genetic variants. Biomarker findings are a useful for diagnostics of LAL-D, including high plasma concentration of chitotriosidase as well as elevated oxysterols. Current treatment options include enzyme replacement therapy (sebelipase-alpha), statins, liver transplantation, and stem cell transplantation. We present two pairs of siblings from Serbia with a distinctive phenotype resembling LAL-D with a novel variant of unknown significance (VUS) detected in the LIPA gene and residual LAL activity. All patients presented with hepatosplenomegaly at early childhood. In siblings from family 1, compound heterozygosity for a pathogenic c.419G>A (p.Trp140Ter) variant and a novel VUS c.851C>T (p.Ser284Phe) was detected. Patients from family 2 were homozygous for c.851C>T VUS and both have typical histopathologic findings for LAL-D in the liver. Enzyme activity of LAL was tested in three patients and reported as sufficient, and therefore enzyme replacement therapy could not be approved. When confronted with a challenge of diagnosing an inherited metabolic disorder, several aspects are taken into consideration: clinical manifestations, specific biomarkers, enzyme assay results, and molecular genetic findings. This report brings cases to light which have a considerable discrepancy between those aspects, namely the preserved LAL enzyme activity in presence of clinical manifestations and rare variants in the LIPA gene.
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6
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Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM, Thanabalasingam A, Lefrancois S, Cotman SL, Huber RJ. Autophagy in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812728. [PMID: 35252181 PMCID: PMC8888908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also referred to as Batten disease, are a family of neurodegenerative diseases that affect all age groups and ethnicities around the globe. At least a dozen NCL subtypes have been identified that are each linked to a mutation in a distinct ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal (CLN) gene. Mutations in CLN genes cause the accumulation of autofluorescent lipoprotein aggregates, called ceroid lipofuscin, in neurons and other cell types outside the central nervous system. The mechanisms regulating the accumulation of this material are not entirely known. The CLN genes encode cytosolic, lysosomal, and integral membrane proteins that are associated with a variety of cellular processes, and accumulated evidence suggests they participate in shared or convergent biological pathways. Research across a variety of non-mammalian and mammalian model systems clearly supports an effect of CLN gene mutations on autophagy, suggesting that autophagy plays an essential role in the development and progression of the NCLs. In this review, we summarize research linking the autophagy pathway to the NCLs to guide future work that further elucidates the contribution of altered autophagy to NCL pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aruban Thanabalasingam
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur Les Maladies Orphelines–Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J. Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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7
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Fahad Raza M, Anwar M, Husain A, Rizwan M, Li Z, Nie H, Hlaváč P, Ali MA, Rady A, Su S. Differential gene expression analysis following olfactory learning in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262441. [PMID: 35139088 PMCID: PMC8827436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects change their stimulus-response through the perception of associating these stimuli with important survival events such as rewards, threats, and mates. Insects develop strong associations and relate them to their experiences through several behavioral procedures. Among the insects, Apis species, Apis mellifera ligustica are known for their outstanding ability to learn with tremendous economic importance. Apis mellifera ligustica has a strong cognitive ability and promising model species for investigating the neurobiological basis of remarkable olfactory learning abilities. Here we evaluated the olfactory learning ability of A. mellifera by using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) protocol. The brains of the learner and failed-learner bees were examined for comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq to explain the difference in the learning capacity. In this study, we used an appetitive olfactory learning paradigm in the same age of A. mellifera bees to examine the differential gene expression in the brain of the learner and failed-learner. Bees that respond in 2nd and 3rd trials or only responded to 3rd trials were defined as learned bees, failed-learner individuals were those bees that did not respond in all learning trials The results indicate that the learning ability of learner bees was significantly higher than failed-learner bees for 12 days. We obtained approximately 46.7 and 46.4 million clean reads from the learner bees failed-learner bees, respectively. Gene expression profile between learners' bees and failed-learners bees identified 74 differentially expressed genes, 57 genes up-regulated in the brains of learners and 17 genes were down-regulated in the brains of the bees that fail to learn. The qRT-PCR validated the differently expressed genes. Transcriptome analyses revealed that specific genes in learner and failed-learner bees either down-regulated or up-regulated play a crucial role in brain development and learning behavior. Our finding suggests that down-regulated genes of the brain involved in the integumentary system, storage proteins, brain development, sensory processing, and neurodegenerative disorder may result in reduced olfactory discrimination and olfactory sensitivity in failed-learner bees. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the olfactory learning behavior and gene expression information, which opens the door for understanding of the molecular mechanism of olfactory learning behavior in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fahad Raza
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Arif Husain
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhmmad Rizwan
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Nie
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pavol Hlaváč
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M. Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Klein M, Kaleem A, Oetjen S, Wünkhaus D, Binkle L, Schilling S, Gjorgjieva M, Scholz R, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Storch S, Kins S, Drewes G, Hoffmeister-Ullerich S, Kuhl D, Hermey G. Converging roles of PSENEN/PEN2 and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system. Autophagy 2021; 18:2068-2085. [PMID: 34964690 PMCID: PMC9397472 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2016232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PSENEN/PEN2 is the smallest subunit of the γ-secretase complex, an intramembrane protease that cleaves proteins within their transmembrane domains. Mutations in components of the γ-secretase underlie familial Alzheimer disease. In addition to its proteolytic activity, supplementary, γ-secretase independent, functions in the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system have been proposed. Here, we screened for PSENEN-interacting proteins and identified CLN3. Mutations in CLN3 are causative for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder considered the most common neurodegenerative disease in children. As mutations in the PSENEN and CLN3 genes cause different neurodegenerative diseases, understanding shared cellular functions of both proteins might be pertinent for understanding general cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that CLN3 modulates γ-secretase activity and that PSENEN and CLN3 play associated roles in the autophagy-lysosome system. We applied CRISPR gene-editing and obtained independent isogenic HeLa knockout cell lines for PSENEN and CLN3. Following previous studies, we demonstrate that PSENEN is essential for forming a functional γ-secretase complex and is indispensable for γ-secretase activity. In contrast, CLN3 does not modulate γ-secretase activity to a significant degree. We observed in PSENEN- and CLN3-knockout cells corresponding alterations in the autophagy-lysosome system. These include reduced activity of lysosomal enzymes and lysosome number, an increased number of autophagosomes, increased lysosome-autophagosome fusion, and elevated levels of TFEB (transcription factor EB). Our study strongly suggests converging roles of PSENEN and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system in a γ-secretase activity-independent manner, supporting the idea of common cytopathological processes underlying different neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid-beta; AD, Alzheimer disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; ATP5MC, ATP synthase membrane subunit c; DQ-BSA, dye-quenched bovine serum albumin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; ICC, immunocytochemistry; ICD, intracellular domain; JNCL, juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; KO, knockout; LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NCL, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses; PSEN, presenilin; PSENEN/PEN2: presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit; TAP, tandem affinity purification; TEV, tobacco etch virus; TF, transferrin; WB, Western blot; WT, wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Oetjen
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Binkle
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schilling
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Milena Gjorgjieva
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Scholz
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome, Functional Genomics Research and Development, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmeister-Ullerich
- Bioanalytics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Cotman SL, Lefrancois S. CLN3, at the crossroads of endocytic trafficking. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136117. [PMID: 34274435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CLN3 gene was identified over two decades ago, but the primary function of the CLN3 protein remains unknown. Recessive inheritance of loss of function mutations in CLN3 are responsible for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease, or CLN3 disease), a fatal childhood onset neurodegenerative disease causing vision loss, seizures, progressive dementia, motor function loss and premature death. CLN3 is a multipass transmembrane protein that primarily localizes to endosomes and lysosomes. Defects in endocytosis, autophagy, and lysosomal function are common findings in CLN3-deficiency model systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects have not yet been fully elucidated. In this mini-review, we will summarize the current understanding of the CLN3 protein interaction network and discuss how this knowledge is starting to delineate the molecular pathogenesis of CLN3 disease. Accumulating evidence strongly points towards CLN3 playing a role in regulation of the cytoskeleton and cytoskeletal associated proteins to tether cellular membranes, regulation of membrane complexes such as channels/transporters, and modulating the function of small GTPases to effectively mediate vesicular movement and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Stéphane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada.
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10
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Yasa S, Sauvageau E, Modica G, Lefrancois S. CLN5 and CLN3 function as a complex to regulate endolysosome function. Biochem J 2021; 478:2339-2357. [PMID: 34060589 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CLN5 is a soluble endolysosomal protein whose function is poorly understood. Mutations in this protein cause a rare neurodegenerative disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). We previously found that depletion of CLN5 leads to dysfunctional retromer, resulting in the degradation of the lysosomal sorting receptor, sortilin. However, how a soluble lysosomal protein can modulate the function of a cytosolic protein, retromer, is not known. In this work, we show that deletion of CLN5 not only results in retromer dysfunction, but also in impaired endolysosome fusion events. This results in delayed degradation of endocytic proteins and in defective autophagy. CLN5 modulates these various pathways by regulating downstream interactions between CLN3, an endolysosomal integral membrane protein whose mutations also result in NCL, RAB7A, and a subset of RAB7A effectors. Our data support a model where CLN3 and CLN5 function as an endolysosomal complex regulating various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Etienne Sauvageau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Graziana Modica
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada
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11
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Zhang X, Zhang D, Thompson JA, Chen SC, Huang Z, Jennings L, McLaren TL, Lamey TM, De Roach JN, Chen FK, McLenachan S. Gene correction of the CLN3 c.175G>A variant in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells prevents pathological changes in retinal organoids. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1601. [PMID: 33497524 PMCID: PMC8104174 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in CLN3 cause Batten disease, however non‐syndromic CLN3 disease, characterized by retinal‐specific degeneration, has been also described. Here, we characterized an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived disease model derived from a patient with non‐syndromic CLN3‐associated retinopathy. Methods Patient‐iPSC, carrying the 1 kb‐deletion and c.175G>A variants in CLN3, coisogenic iPSC, in which the c.175G>A variant was corrected, and control iPSC were differentiated into neural retinal organoids (NRO) and cardiomyocytes. CLN3 transcripts were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Gene expression was characterized by qPCR and western blotting. NRO were characterized by immunostaining and electron microscopy. Results Novel CLN3 transcripts were detected in adult human retina and control‐NRO. The major transcript detected in patient‐NRO displayed skipping of exons 2 and 4–9. Accumulation of subunit‐C of mitochondrial ATPase (SCMAS) protein was demonstrated in patient‐derived cells. Photoreceptor progenitor cells in patient‐NRO displayed accumulation of peroxisomes and vacuolization of inner segments. Correction of the c.175G>A variant restored CLN3 mRNA and protein expression and prevented SCMAS and inner segment vacuolization. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the expression of novel CLN3 transcripts in human retinal tissues. The c.175G>A variant alters splicing of the CLN3 pre‐mRNA, leading to features consistent with CLN3 deficiency, which were prevented by gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dan Zhang
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shang-Chih Chen
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhiqin Huang
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luke Jennings
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Terri L McLaren
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tina M Lamey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John N De Roach
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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Myerowitz R, Puertollano R, Raben N. Impaired autophagy: The collateral damage of lysosomal storage disorders. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103166. [PMID: 33341443 PMCID: PMC7753127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), which number over fifty, are monogenically inherited and caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that are involved in lysosomal function. Lack of the functional protein results in storage of a distinctive material within the lysosomes, which for years was thought to determine the pathophysiology of the disorder. However, our current view posits that the primary storage material disrupts the normal role of the lysosome in the autophagic pathway resulting in the secondary storage of autophagic debris. It is this "collateral damage" which is common to the LSDs but nonetheless intricately nuanced in each. We have selected five LSDs resulting from defective proteins that govern widely different lysosomal functions including glycogen degradation (Pompe), lysosomal transport (Cystinosis), lysosomal trafficking (Danon), glycolipid degradation (Gaucher) and an unidentified function (Batten) and argue that despite the disparate functions, these proteins, when mutant, all impair the autophagic process uniquely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Myerowitz
- Department of Biology St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City Maryland, 20686, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, 50 South Dr./Room 3533, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, 50 South Dr./Room 3533, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Butz ES, Chandrachud U, Mole SE, Cotman SL. Moving towards a new era of genomics in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Liu W, Kleine-Holthaus SM, Herranz-Martin S, Aristorena M, Mole SE, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Rahim AA. Experimental gene therapies for the NCLs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165772. [PMID: 32220628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, are a group of rare monogenic neurodegenerative diseases predominantly affecting children. All NCLs are lethal and incurable and only one has an approved treatment available. To date, 13 NCL subtypes (CLN1-8, CLN10-14) have been identified, based on the particular disease-causing defective gene. The exact functions of NCL proteins and the pathological mechanisms underlying the diseases are still unclear. However, gene therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for this group of conditions. Here we provide a short review discussing updates on the current gene therapy studies for the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Liu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK
| | | | - Saul Herranz-Martin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) and Departamento de Biología Molecular,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK.
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15
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Yasa S, Modica G, Sauvageau E, Kaleem A, Hermey G, Lefrancois S. CLN3 regulates endosomal function by modulating Rab7A-effector interactions. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.234047. [PMID: 32034082 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CLN3 are a cause of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), also known as Batten disease. Clinical manifestations include cognitive regression, progressive loss of vision and motor function, epileptic seizures and a significantly reduced lifespan. CLN3 localizes to endosomes and lysosomes, and has been implicated in intracellular trafficking and autophagy. However, the precise molecular function of CLN3 remains to be elucidated. Previous studies showed an interaction between CLN3 and Rab7A, a small GTPase that regulates several functions at late endosomes. We confirmed this interaction in live cells and found that CLN3 is required for the efficient endosome-to-TGN trafficking of the lysosomal sorting receptors because it regulates the Rab7A interaction with retromer. In cells lacking CLN3 or expressing CLN3 harbouring a disease-causing mutation, the lysosomal sorting receptors were degraded. We also demonstrated that CLN3 is required for the Rab7A-PLEKHM1 interaction, which is required for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes. Overall, our data provide a molecular explanation behind phenotypes observed in JNCL and give an indication of the pathogenic mechanism behind Batten disease.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Graziana Modica
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Etienne Sauvageau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7 .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 0C7.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada H2X 3Y7
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16
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Petcherski A, Chandrachud U, Butz ES, Klein MC, Zhao WN, Reis SA, Haggarty SJ, Ruonala MO, Cotman SL. An Autophagy Modifier Screen Identifies Small Molecules Capable of Reducing Autophagosome Accumulation in a Model of CLN3-Mediated Neurodegeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121531. [PMID: 31783699 PMCID: PMC6953052 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway are a major pathophysiological feature of CLN3 disease, which is the most common form of childhood-onset neurodegeneration. Accumulating autofluorescent lysosomal storage material in CLN3 disease, consisting of dolichols, lipids, biometals, and a protein that normally resides in the mitochondria, subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase, provides evidence that autophagosomal–lysosomal turnover of cellular components is disrupted upon loss of CLN3 protein function. Using a murine neuronal cell model of the disease, which accurately mimics the major gene defect and the hallmark features of CLN3 disease, we conducted an unbiased search for modifiers of autophagy, extending previous work by further optimizing a GFP-LC3 based assay and performing a high-content screen on a library of ~2000 bioactive compounds. Here we corroborate our earlier screening results and identify expanded, independent sets of autophagy modifiers that increase or decrease the accumulation of autophagosomes in the CLN3 disease cells, highlighting several pathways of interest, including the regulation of calcium signaling, microtubule dynamics, and the mevalonate pathway. Follow-up analysis on fluspirilene, nicardipine, and verapamil, in particular, confirmed activity in reducing GFP-LC3 vesicle burden, while also demonstrating activity in normalizing lysosomal positioning and, for verapamil, in promoting storage material clearance in CLN3 disease neuronal cells. This study demonstrates the potential for cell-based screening studies to identify candidate molecules and pathways for further work to understand CLN3 disease pathogenesis and in drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Petcherski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
- Center for Membrane Proteomics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Uma Chandrachud
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Elisabeth S. Butz
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Madeleine C. Klein
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Surya A. Reis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Mika O. Ruonala
- Center for Membrane Proteomics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-726-9180
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17
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Huber RJ, Hughes SM, Liu W, Morgan A, Tuxworth RI, Russell C. The contribution of multicellular model organisms to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165614. [PMID: 31783156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NCLs (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) are forms of neurodegenerative disease that affect people of all ages and ethnicities but are most prevalent in children. Commonly known as Batten disease, this debilitating neurological disorder is comprised of 13 different subtypes that are categorized based on the particular gene that is mutated (CLN1-8, CLN10-14). The pathological mechanisms underlying the NCLs are not well understood due to our poor understanding of the functions of NCL proteins. Only one specific treatment (enzyme replacement therapy) is approved, which is for the treating the brain in CLN2 disease. Hence there remains a desperate need for further research into disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we present and evaluate the genes, proteins and studies performed in the social amoeba, nematode, fruit fly, zebrafish, mouse and large animals pertinent to NCL. In particular, we highlight the use of multicellular model organisms to study NCL protein function, pathology and pathomechanisms. Their use in testing novel therapeutic approaches is also presented. With this information, we highlight how future research in these systems may be able to provide new insight into NCL protein functions in human cells and aid in the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre and Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wenfei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Russell
- Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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18
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Altered Expression of Ganglioside Metabolizing Enzymes Results in GM3 Ganglioside Accumulation in Cerebellar Cells of a Mouse Model of Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020625. [PMID: 29470438 PMCID: PMC5855847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. Most JNCL patients exhibit a 1.02 kb genomic deletion removing exons 7 and 8 of this gene, which results in a truncated CLN3 protein carrying an aberrant C-terminus. A genetically accurate mouse model (Cln3Δex7/8 mice) for this deletion has been generated. Using cerebellar precursor cell lines generated from wildtype and Cln3Δex7/8 mice, we have here analyzed the consequences of the CLN3 deletion on levels of cellular gangliosides, particularly GM3, GM2, GM1a and GD1a. The levels of GM1a and GD1a were found to be significantly reduced by both biochemical and cytochemical methods. However, quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed a highly significant increase in GM3, suggesting a metabolic blockade in the conversion of GM3 to more complex gangliosides. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant reduction in the transcripts of the interconverting enzymes, especially of β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 1 (GM2 synthase), which is the enzyme converting GM3 to GM2. Thus, our data suggest that the complex a-series gangliosides are reduced in Cln3Δex7/8 mouse cerebellar precursor cells due to impaired transcription of the genes responsible for their synthesis.
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19
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Grünewald B, Lange MD, Werner C, O'Leary A, Weishaupt A, Popp S, Pearce DA, Wiendl H, Reif A, Pape HC, Toyka KV, Sommer C, Geis C. Defective synaptic transmission causes disease signs in a mouse model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. eLife 2017; 6:28685. [PMID: 29135436 PMCID: PMC5724993 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten disease) caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene is the most prevalent inherited neurodegenerative disease in childhood resulting in widespread central nervous system dysfunction and premature death. The consequences of CLN3 mutation on the progression of the disease, on neuronal transmission, and on central nervous network dysfunction are poorly understood. We used Cln3 knockout (Cln3Δex1-6) mice and found increased anxiety-related behavior and impaired aversive learning as well as markedly affected motor function including disordered coordination. Patch-clamp and loose-patch recordings revealed severely affected inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellar networks. Changes in presynaptic release properties may result from dysfunction of CLN3 protein. Furthermore, loss of calbindin, neuropeptide Y, parvalbumin, and GAD65-positive interneurons in central networks collectively support the hypothesis that degeneration of GABAergic interneurons may be the cause of supraspinal GABAergic disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Grünewald
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maren D Lange
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandy Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David A Pearce
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, United States
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans C Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Marotta D, Tinelli E, Mole SE. NCLs and ER: A stressful relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1273-1281. [PMID: 28390949 PMCID: PMC5479446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for normal cell function. Alteration of ER homeostasis leads to accumulation of misfolded protein in the ER and to activation of the unfolded protein response. ER stress and the UPR have recently been linked to the NCLs. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for UPR activation in the NCLs, and address its connection to disease pathogenesis. Further understanding of ER-stress response involvement in the NCLs may encourage development of novel therapeutical agents targeting these pathogenic pathways. ER-stress activation has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. ER-stress is a common patho-mechanism in four forms of NCL. Pharmacological modulation of UPR could provide new treatment for NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marotta
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT; UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Mohammed A, O'Hare MB, Warley A, Tear G, Tuxworth RI. in vivo localization of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis proteins, CLN3 and CLN7, at endogenous expression levels. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 103:123-132. [PMID: 28365214 PMCID: PMC5441185 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of recessively inherited, childhood-onset neurodegenerative conditions. Several forms are caused by mutations in genes encoding putative lysosomal membrane proteins. Studies of the cell biology underpinning these disorders are hampered by the poor antigenicity of the membrane proteins, which makes visualization of the endogenous proteins difficult. We have used Drosophila to generate knock-in YFP-fusions for two of the NCL membrane proteins: CLN7 and CLN3. The YFP-fusions are expressed at endogenous levels and the proteins can be visualized live without the need for overexpression. Unexpectedly, both CLN7 and CLN3 have restricted expression in the CNS of Drosophila larva and are predominantly expressed in the glia that form the insect blood-brain-barrier. CLN7 is also expressed in neurons in the developing visual system. Analogous with murine CLN3, Drosophila CLN3 is strongly expressed in the excretory and osmoregulatory Malpighian tubules, but the knock-in also reveals unexpected localization of the protein to the apical domain adjacent to the lumen. In addition, some CLN3 protein in the tubules is localized within mitochondria. Our in vivo imaging of CLN7 and CLN3 suggests new possibilities for function and promotes new ideas about the cell biology of the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamin Mohammed
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Megan B O'Hare
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alice Warley
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guy Tear
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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