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Izhiman Y, Esfandiari L. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles and exogenous stimuli in molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1368630. [PMID: 38572074 PMCID: PMC10989355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1368630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries lead to significant morbidity and adversely affect quality of life. The peripheral nervous system harbors the unique trait of autonomous regeneration; however, achieving successful regeneration remains uncertain. Research continues to augment and expedite successful peripheral nerve recovery, offering promising strategies for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR). These include leveraging extracellular vesicle (EV) communication and harnessing cellular activation through electrical and mechanical stimulation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), 30-150 nm in diameter, play a pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication within the regenerative cascade, specifically among nerve cells, Schwann cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the utilization of exogenous stimuli, including electrical stimulation (ES), ultrasound stimulation (US), and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), offers remarkable advantages in accelerating and augmenting PNR. Moreover, the application of mechanical and electrical stimuli can potentially affect the biogenesis and secretion of sEVs, consequently leading to potential improvements in PNR. In this review article, we comprehensively delve into the intricacies of cell-to-cell communication facilitated by sEVs and the key regulatory signaling pathways governing PNR. Additionally, we investigated the broad-ranging impacts of ES, US, and ESWT on PNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Izhiman
- Esfandiari Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Esfandiari Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Mohamed T, Colciago A, Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Magnaghi V. Protein kinase C epsilon activation regulates proliferation, migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition in rat Schwann cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1237479. [PMID: 37645595 PMCID: PMC10461112 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1237479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein kinase type C-ε (PKCε) plays an important role in the sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors, promoting mechanical hyperalgesia. In accordance, we showed that PKCε is present in sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), participating in the control of pain onset and chronification. Recently, it was found that PKCε is also implicated in the control of cell proliferation, promoting mitogenesis and metastatic invasion in some types of cancer. However, its role in the main glial cell of the PNS, the Schwann cells (SCs), was still not investigated. Methods Rat primary SCs culture were treated with different pharmacologic approaches, including the PKCε agonist dicyclopropyl-linoleic acid (DCP-LA) 500 nM, the human recombinant brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 1 nM and the TrkB receptor antagonist cyclotraxin B 10 nM. The proliferation (by cell count), the migration (by scratch test and Boyden assay) as well as some markers of SCs differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process (by qRT-PCR and western blot) were analyzed. Results Overall, we found that PKCε is constitutively expressed in SCs, where it is likely involved in the switch from the proliferative toward the differentiated state. Indeed, we demonstrated that PKCε activation regulates SCs proliferation, increases their migration, and the expression of some markers (e.g., glycoprotein P0 and the transcription factor Krox20) of SCs differentiation. Through an autocrine mechanism, BDNF activates TrkB receptor, and controls SCs proliferation via PKCε. Importantly, PKCε activation likely promoted a partial EMT process in SCs. Discussion PKCε mediates relevant actions in the neuronal and glial compartment of the PNS. In particular, we posit a novel function for PKCε in the transformation of SCs, assuming a role in the mechanisms controlling SCs' fate and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Bello-Alvarez C, Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Peña-Gutiérrez KM, Camacho-Arroyo I. Progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone promote invasion of human glioblastoma cells through metalloproteinase‑9 and cSrc kinase. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:223. [PMID: 37153033 PMCID: PMC10157356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive and common primary brain tumors in adults. Glioblastoma cells have a great capacity to migrate and invade the brain parenchyma, often reaching the contralateral hemisphere. Progesterone (P4) and its metabolite, allopregnanolone (3α-THP), promote the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma-derived cells. P4 induces migration in glioblastoma cells by the activation of the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (cSrc) and focal adhesion kinase (Fak). In breast cancer cells, cSrc and Fak promote invasion by increasing the expression and activation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, the mechanism of action by which P4 and 3a-THP promote invasion in glioblastoma cells remains unclear. The effects of P4 and 3α-THP on the protein expression levels of MMP-2 and -9 and the participation of cSrc in progestin effects in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma-derived cells were evaluated. It was determined by western blotting that the P4 increased the protein expression level of MMP-9 in U251 and U87 cells, and 3α-THP increased the protein expression level of MMP-9 in U87 cells. None of these progestins modified MMP-2 protein expression levels. The increase in MMP-9 expression was reduced when the intracellular progesterone receptor and cSrc expression were blocked with small interfering RNAs. Cell invasion induced by P4 and 3α-THP was also blocked by inhibiting cSrc activity with PP2 or by cSrc gene silencing. These results suggest that P4 and its metabolite 3α-THP induce the invasion of glioblastoma cells by increasing MMP-9 expression through the cSrc kinase family. The results of this study provide information of interest in the context of targeted therapies against molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bello-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Carmen J. Zamora-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Karla M. Peña-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence to: Dr Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo, Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenue Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico, E-mail:
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Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Camacho-Arroyo I. Allopregnanolone: Metabolism, Mechanisms of Action, and Its Role in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010560. [PMID: 36614002 PMCID: PMC9820109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (3α-THP) has been one of the most studied progesterone metabolites for decades. 3α-THP and its synthetic analogs have been evaluated as therapeutic agents for pathologies such as anxiety and depression. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of 3α-THP are expressed in classical and nonclassical steroidogenic tissues. Additionally, due to its chemical structure, 3α-THP presents high affinity and agonist activity for nuclear and membrane receptors of neuroactive steroids and neurotransmitters, such as the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), membrane progesterone receptors (mPR) and the ionotropic GABAA receptor, among others. 3α-THP has immunomodulator and antiapoptotic properties. It also induces cell proliferation and migration, all of which are critical processes involved in cancer progression. Recently the study of 3α-THP has indicated that low physiological concentrations of this metabolite induce the progression of several types of cancer, such as breast, ovarian, and glioblastoma, while high concentrations inhibit it. In this review, we explore current knowledge on the metabolism and mechanisms of action of 3α-THP in normal and tumor cells.
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Rasmusson AM, Novikov O, Brown KD, Pinna G, Pineles SL. Pleiotropic endophenotypic and phenotype effects of GABAergic neurosteroid synthesis deficiency in posttraumatic stress disorder. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 25:100359. [PMID: 36909842 PMCID: PMC10004350 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PTSD is associated with deficits in synthesis of progesterone metabolites such as allopregnanolone and pregnanolone that potently facilitate gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) effects at GABAA receptors. These neurosteroids modulate neuronal firing rate, regional brain connectivity, and activation of amygdala-mediated autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and behavioral reactions to unconditioned and conditioned threat. They also play critical roles in learning and memory processes such as extinction and extinction retention and inhibit toll-like receptor activation of intracellular pro-inflammatory pathways. Deficient synthesis of these neurosteroids thus may contribute to individually variable PTSD clinical phenotypes encompassing symptom severity, capacity for PTSD recovery, and vulnerability to common PTSD-comorbidities such as major depression, chronic pain, alcohol and nicotine dependence, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, reproductive disorders, and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Rasmusson
- VA National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Olga Novikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Psychiatry Residency Program, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kayla D Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Behavioral Neurosciences Ph.D. Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Suzanne L Pineles
- VA National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Allopregnanolone Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells through the Protein Tyrosine Kinase c-Src Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094996. [PMID: 35563388 PMCID: PMC9105169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBs) are the most aggressive and common primary malignant brain tumors. Steroid hormone progesterone (P4) and its neuroactive metabolites, such as allopregnanolone (3α-THP) are synthesized by neural, glial, and malignant GB cells. P4 promotes cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GB cells at physiological concentrations. It has been reported that 3α-THP promotes GB cell proliferation. Here we investigated the effects of 3α-THP on GB cell migration and invasion, the participation of the enzymes involved in its metabolism (AKR1C1-4), and the role of the c-Src kinase in 3α-THP effects in GBs. 3α-THP 100 nM promoted migration and invasion of U251, U87, and LN229 human-derived GB cell lines. We observed that U251, LN229, and T98G cell lines exhibited a higher protein content of AKR1C1-4 than normal human astrocytes. AKR1C1-4 silencing did not modify 3α-THP effects on migration and invasion. 3α-THP activated c-Src protein at 10 min (U251 cells) and 15 min (U87 and LN229 cells). Interestingly, the pharmacological inhibition of c-Src decreases the promoting effects of 3α-THP on cell migration and invasion. Together, these data indicate that 3α-THP promotes GB migration and invasion through c-Src activation.
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Govindasamy N, Chung Chok K, Ying Ng P, Yian Koh R, Moi Chye S. Melatonin Induced Schwann Cell Proliferation and Dedifferentiation Through NF-ĸB, FAK-Dependent but Src-Independent Pathways. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:63-73. [PMID: 35765532 PMCID: PMC9208554 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common condition that compromises motor and sensory functions. Peripheral nerves are known to have regenerative capability and the pineal hormone, melatonin, is known to aid nerve regeneration. However, the role of Schwann cells and the pathways involved remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of melatonin on Schwann cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and the involvement of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, Src pathways in this process. METHODS Schwann cells was treated with melatonin and its proliferation and dedifferentiation were identified using MTT assay and immunofluorescence staining for SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2). Next, the protein expressions of NF-ĸB, FAK and Src pathways were identified by Western blot. RESULTS MTT results confirmed increased proliferation of Schwann cells with melatonin treatment, and it was highest at 10 μM melatonin. Immunofluorescent staining revealed an increase in the green fluorescence staining for SOX2 in melatonin-treated cells, showing enhanced dedifferentiation. Western blot assay revealed melatonin increased phospho-NF-ĸB (PNF-ĸB), IKK-α, FAK (D2R2E), phospho-FAK (Tyr 576/577 and Tyr 397) protein expressions as compared with control. However, Src (32G6), Lyn (C13F9), Fyn, Csk (C74C1) protein expressions were not increased as compared with control. CONCLUSION Melatonin promotes Schwann cell proliferation and dedifferentiation via NF-ĸB, FAK-dependent but Src-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navishaa Govindasamy
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kian Chung Chok
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- School of Postgraduate, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University.
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University.
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Cáceres ARR, Campo Verde Arboccó F, Cardone DA, Sanhueza MDLÁ, Casais M, Vega Orozco AS, Laconi MR. Superior mesenteric ganglion neural modulation of ovarian angiogenesis, apoptosis and proliferation by the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13056. [PMID: 34739183 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (ALLO), a potent neuroactive steroid, is synthesized and active in the peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have shown that ALLO participates in the central regulation of reproduction with effects on ovarian physiology, although there is little evidence for its ability to modulate peripheral tissues. The present study aimed to determine whether ALLO, administered to an ex vivo system that comprises the superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG), the ovarian nervous plexus (ONP) and the ovary (O), or to the denervated ovary (DO), was able to modify ovarian apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. For this purpose, the SMG-ONP-O system and DO were incubated during 120 min at 37°C, in the presence of two ALLO doses (0.06 µm and 6 µm). The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis were analyzed. Incubation of the SMG-ONP-O system with ALLO 0.06 µm led to an increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and a reduction of FAS-L mRNA levels. ALLO 6 µm induced a decrease of FAS-L levels. Incubation of DO with ALLO 0.06 µm reduced FAS-L, whereas ALLO 6 µm significantly increased it. Cyclin D1 mRNA was measured to evaluate proliferation. Treatment with ALLO 6 µm increased proliferation in both SMG-ONP-O and DO. ALLO 0.06 µm produced an increase of Cyclin D1 in DO only. Administration of either ALLO dose led to a higher ovarian expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the SMG-ONP-O system, but a lower one in the DO system. ALLO 6 µm induced ovarian sensitization to GABA by increasing GABAA receptor expression. In conclusion, ALLO participates in the peripheral neural modulation of ovarian physiology. It can also interact directly with the ovarian tissue, modulating key mechanisms involved in normal and pathological processes in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosario Ramona Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Campo Verde Arboccó
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Daniela Alejandra Cardone
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Adriana Soledad Vega Orozco
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Myriam Raquel Laconi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
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Meng DH, Zou JP, Xu QT, Wang JY, Yu JQ, Yuan Y, Chen ZG, Zhang MH, Jiang LB, Zhang J. Endothelial cells promote the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35282045 PMCID: PMC8848405 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background After peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells proliferate and migrate to the injured site, thereby promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. The process is regulated by various factors. Endothelial cells participate in the process via angiogenesis. However, the effects of endothelial cells on Schwann cells are not yet known. The present study sought to evaluate whether endothelial cells accelerate Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Methods We established a co-culture model of rat Schwann cells (RSC96s) and rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs), and studied the effects of endothelial cells on Schwann cells by evaluating changes in Schwann cell proliferation and migration and related multiple genes and their protein expressions in the co-culture model. Results The results showed that increasing the proportion of endothelial cells in the co-culture model enhanced the proliferation. At days 1 and 3 following the co-culturing, the relative growth rates of the co-cultured cells were 122.87% and 127.37%, respectively, which showed a significant increase in the viability compared to that of the RSC96s (P<0.05). In this process, the expression of Ki67 increased. The migration ability of Schwann cells was also enhanced. The migration capacity of Schwann cells was detected by wound-healing and Transwell assays. The results of the group with 15% of endothelial cells was significantly higher than the results of the other groups (P<0.0001 and P<0.05, respectively). Further, neuregulin 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein increased the process of Schwann cell migration. Conclusions The results showed that endothelial cells can promote the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and participate in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Peng Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Tong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Qin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Gan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-He Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 455th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Castelnovo LF, Thomas P. Membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα/PAQR7) promotes migration, proliferation and BDNF release in human Schwann cell-like differentiated adipose stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111298. [PMID: 33930460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) were recently found to be present and active in Schwann cells, where they have a potentially pro-regenerative activity. In this study, we investigated the role of mPRs in human adipose stem cells (ASC) differentiated into Schwann cell-like cells (SCL-ASC), which represent a promising alternative to Schwann cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. Our findings show that mPRs are present both in undifferentiated and differentiated ASC, and that the differentiation protocol upregulates mPR expression. Activation of mPRα promoted cell migration and differentiation in SCL-ASC, alongside with changes in cell morphology and mPRα localization. Moreover, it increased the expression and release of BDNF, a neurotrophin with pro-regenerative activity. Further analysis showed that Src and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways are involved in mPRα activity in SCL-ASC. These findings suggest that mPRα could play a pro-regenerative role in SCL-ASC and may be a promising target for the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca F Castelnovo
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas (TX), 78373, United States.
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas (TX), 78373, United States
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Jolivel V, Brun S, Binamé F, Benyounes J, Taleb O, Bagnard D, De Sèze J, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG. Microglial Cell Morphology and Phagocytic Activity Are Critically Regulated by the Neurosteroid Allopregnanolone: A Possible Role in Neuroprotection. Cells 2021; 10:698. [PMID: 33801063 PMCID: PMC8004004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are key players in neural pathogenesis and microglial function regulation appears to be pivotal in controlling neuroinflammatory/neurological diseases. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of action of neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) on murine microglial BV-2 cells and primary microglia in order to determine ALLO-induced immunomodulatory potential and to provide new insights for the development of both natural and safe neuroprotective strategies targeting microglia. Indeed, ALLO-treatment is increasingly suggested as beneficial in various models of neurological disorders but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Therefore, the microglial cells were cultured with various serum concentrations to mimic the blood-brain-barrier rupture and to induce their activation. Proliferation, viability, RT-qPCR, phagocytosis, and morphology analyzes, as well as migration with time-lapse imaging and quantitative morphodynamic methods, were combined to investigate ALLO actions on microglia. BV-2 cells express subunits of GABA-A receptor that mediates ALLO activity. ALLO (10µM) induced microglial cell process extension and decreased migratory capacity. Interestingly, ALLO modulated the phagocytic activity of BV-2 cells and primary microglia. Our results, which show a direct effect of ALLO on microglial morphology and phagocytic function, suggest that the natural neurosteroid-based approach may contribute to developing effective strategies against neurological disorders that are evoked by microglia-related abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (V.J.); (S.B.); (F.B.); (J.B.); (O.T.); (D.B.); (J.D.S.); (C.P.-M.)
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Castelnovo LF, Thomas P, Magnaghi V. Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs/PAQRs) in Schwann cells represent a promising target for the promotion of neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:281-282. [PMID: 32859775 PMCID: PMC7896211 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca F Castelnovo
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Physiopathological Role of Neuroactive Steroids in the Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239000. [PMID: 33256238 PMCID: PMC7731236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) refers to many conditions involving damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Usually, PN causes weakness, numbness and pain and is the result of traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes, or exposure to chemicals. Despite the high prevalence of PN, available treatments are still unsatisfactory. Neuroactive steroids (i.e., steroid hormones synthesized by peripheral glands as well as steroids directly synthesized in the nervous system) represent important physiological regulators of PNS functionality. Data obtained so far and here discussed, indeed show that in several experimental models of PN the levels of neuroactive steroids are affected by the pathology and that treatment with these molecules is able to exert protective effects on several PN features, including neuropathic pain. Of note, the observations that neuroactive steroid levels are sexually dimorphic not only in physiological status but also in PN, associated with the finding that PN show sex dimorphic manifestations, may suggest the possibility of a sex specific therapy based on neuroactive steroids.
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Inoue H, Taji H, Yamada K, Iriyama C, Saito T, Kato H, Yanada M, Yamamoto K, Matsukawa N. Dasatinib-induced Reversible Demyelinating Peripheral Neuropathy and Successful Conversion to Nilotinib in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Intern Med 2020; 59:2419-2421. [PMID: 32611965 PMCID: PMC7644482 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4824-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is commonly used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. A rare side effect is peripheral neuropathy. A 54-year-old woman experienced gradually accelerated dysesthesia and hypoesthesia in her extremities, 2 months following treatment with dasatinib. Nerve conduction studies revealed a prolonged conduction velocity with temporal dispersion, indicating demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. After changing dasatinib to nilotinib, both her clinical symptoms and electrophysiological data gradually improved. We herein report the findings of this case with a review of the pertinent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Taji
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Japan
| | - Chisako Iriyama
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | - Touko Saito
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Harumi Kato
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yanada
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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15
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Serrano-Regal MP, Bayón-Cordero L, Ordaz RP, Garay E, Limon A, Arellano RO, Matute C, Sánchez-Gómez MV. Expression and Function of GABA Receptors in Myelinating Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:256. [PMID: 32973453 PMCID: PMC7472887 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin facilitates the fast transmission of nerve impulses and provides metabolic support to axons. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and Schwann cell (SC) precursors is critical for myelination during development and myelin repair in demyelinating disorders. Myelination is tightly controlled by neuron-glia communication and requires the participation of a wide repertoire of signals, including neurotransmitters such as glutamate, ATP, adenosine, or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and it is also present in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The composition and function of GABA receptors (GABARs) are well studied in neurons, while their nature and role in glial cells are still incipient. Recent studies demonstrate that GABA-mediated signaling mechanisms play relevant roles in OPC and SC precursor development and function, and stand out the implication of GABARs in oligodendrocyte (OL) and SC maturation and myelination. In this review, we highlight the evidence supporting the novel role of GABA with an emphasis on the molecular identity of the receptors expressed in these glial cells and the possible signaling pathways involved in their actions. GABAergic signaling in myelinating cells may have potential implications for developing novel reparative therapies in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Serrano-Regal
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Laura Bayón-Cordero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rainald Pablo Ordaz
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Edith Garay
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rogelio O. Arellano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Matute
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
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16
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Schwann Cell Autocrine and Paracrine Regulatory Mechanisms, Mediated by Allopregnanolone and BDNF, Modulate PKCε in Peripheral Sensory Neurons. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081874. [PMID: 32796542 PMCID: PMC7465687 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase type C-ε (PKCε) plays important roles in the sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors, such as ion channel phosphorylation, that in turn promotes mechanical hyperalgesia and pain chronification. In these neurons, PKCε is modulated through the local release of mediators by the surrounding Schwann cells (SCs). The progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone (ALLO) is endogenously synthesized by SCs, whereas it has proven to be a crucial mediator of neuron-glia interaction in peripheral nerve fibers. Biomolecular and pharmacological studies on rat primary SCs and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cultures were aimed at investigating the hypothesis that ALLO modulates neuronal PKCε, playing a role in peripheral nociception. We found that SCs tonically release ALLO, which, in turn, autocrinally upregulated the synthesis of the growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Subsequently, glial BDNF paracrinally activates PKCε via trkB in DRG sensory neurons. Herein, we report a novel mechanism of SCs-neuron cross-talk in the peripheral nervous system, highlighting a key role of ALLO and BDNF in nociceptor sensitization. These findings emphasize promising targets for inhibiting the development and chronification of neuropathic pain.
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17
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Colciago A, Bonalume V, Melfi V, Magnaghi V. Genomic and Non-genomic Action of Neurosteroids in the Peripheral Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:796. [PMID: 32848567 PMCID: PMC7403499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the former evidence of biologic actions of neurosteroids in the central nervous system, also the peripheral nervous system (PNS) was reported as a structure affected by these substances. Indeed, neurosteroids are synthesized and active in the PNS, exerting many important actions on the different cell types of this system. PNS is a target for neurosteroids, in their native form or as metabolites. In particular, old and recent evidence indicates that the progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone possesses important functions in the PNS, thus contributing to its physiologic processes. In this review, we will survey the more recent findings on the genomic and non-genomic actions of neurosteroids in nerves, ganglia, and cells forming the PNS, focusing on the mechanisms regulating the peripheral neuron-glial crosstalk. Then, we will refer to the physiopathological significance of the neurosteroid signaling disturbances in the PNS, in to identify new molecular targets for promising pharmacotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colciago
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonalume
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melfi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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18
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Yi L, Liang Y, Zhao Q, Wang H, Dong J. CX3CL1 Induces Vertebral Microvascular Barrier Dysfunction via the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:96. [PMID: 32390803 PMCID: PMC7193116 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-endothelial migration (TEM) of cancer cells is a critical step in metastasis. Micro-vascular barrier disruptions of distant organs play important roles in tumor cells TEM. The spine is a preferred site for multiple cancer cell metastases. Our previous study found that vertebral spongy bone was rich in CX3CL1 and that CX3CL1 can attract fractalkine receptor-expressing tumor cells to the spine. In the present study, we determined whether CX3CL1 was involved in vertebral micro-vascular barrier disruption and promoted tumor cell TEM after circulating tumor cells were arrested in the vertebral micro-vasculature. We examined the role of CX3CL1 in the barrier function of vertebral micro-vascular endothelial cells (VMECs) and explored the molecular mechanisms of CX3CL1-induced VMEC barrier disruption. Our results demonstrated that CX3CL1 led to F-actin formation and ZO-1 disruption in VMECs and induced the vertebral micro-vascular barrier disruption. Importantly, we found that the activation of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in CX3CL1-induced VMEC stress fiber formation, ZO-1 disruption and then vertebral micro-vascular barrier hyper-permeability. Inhibiting Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling in VMECs effectively blocked CX3CL1-induced vertebral vascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent tumor cell TEM. The results of this study and our previous study indicate that in addition to its chemotaxis, CX3CL1 plays a critical role in regulating vertebral micro-vascular barrier function and tumor cell TEM. CX3CL1 induced VMECs stress fiber formation, ZO-1 disruption and then vascular endothelial hyperpermeability via activation of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway. The inhibition of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway in VMECs effectively blocked tumor cells TEMs in vertebral spongy bone and maybe a potential therapeutic strategy for spine metastases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Pelegrina LT, de Los Ángeles Sanhueza M, Ramona Cáceres AR, Cuello-Carrión D, Rodriguez CE, Laconi MR. Effect of progesterone and first evidence about allopregnanolone action on the progression of epithelial human ovarian cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 196:105492. [PMID: 31614205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common cause of death by gynecologic cancer. Several epidemiological and in vitro studies have shown controversial data about progesterone effects in ovarian cancer. Progesterone can be converted in its active metabolite, allopregnanolone, its effects in ovarian cancer are still unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that allopregnanolone modifies ovarian morphophysiology, being able to alter critical process of tumor development such as proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Taking into account these antecedents, we investigated the effect of progesterone and allopregnanolone on proliferation, apoptosis, clonogenic capacity and migration on two epithelial human ovarian cancer cell lines, IGROV-1 and SKOV-3. To this end, IGROV-1 and SKOV-3 cells were exposed to a range of progesterone and allopregnanolone concentrations (10-11 to 10-5 M) for 72 h. Proliferation was analyzed by MTT and Ki67 expression. Apoptosis was measured by immunocytochemistry of cleaved caspase 3. Clonogenic capacity was evaluated by counting colonies. Migration was analyzed by wound assay. We found that allopregnanolone increased proliferation and Ki67 expression respect to control on IGROV-1 cells, while expression of cleaved caspase 3 did not change in any cell line studied. IGROV-1 clonogenic capacity was also increased by allopregnanolone treatment. Both steroids, progesterone and allopregnanolone, increased IGROV-1 migration in a concentration dependent manner. None of the steroids tested modified SKOV-3 biological behavior analized. This is the first evidence that allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, affects critical events in tumor development of human epithelial ovarian cancer. These results could have an impact in the future in clinic diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ovarian cancer patients. The regulation of progesterone and allopregnanolone steroideogenesis and their molecular mechanisms might be considered as potential therapeutic tool in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tatiana Pelegrina
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IMBECU)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina.d- Hospital de Oncología Angel Roffo. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IMBECU)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Antonella Rosario Ramona Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IMBECU)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina.d- Hospital de Oncología Angel Roffo. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Cuello-Carrión
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IMBECU)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristina Elisa Rodriguez
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina.d- Hospital de Oncología Angel Roffo. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Raquel Laconi
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IMBECU)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Membrane Progesterone Receptors (mPRs/PAQRs) Differently Regulate Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation in Rat Schwann Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:433-448. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Serrano-Regal MP, Luengas-Escuza I, Bayón-Cordero L, Ibarra-Aizpurua N, Alberdi E, Pérez-Samartín A, Matute C, Sánchez-Gómez MV. Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination Is Potentiated via GABA B Receptor Activation. Neuroscience 2019; 439:163-180. [PMID: 31349008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a key event for axonal myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Several growth factors and neurotransmitters like GABA are postulated as important regulators of that process, and different protein kinases may also participate in OL differentiation and myelination. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of myelination by neurotransmitters are only partially known. In the present study, we provide evidence showing that GABA receptors (GABARs) play an important role in OL differentiation. First, we observed that OPCs and OLs synthesize GABA and expressed GABAR and transporters, both in vitro and in vivo and, in contrast to GABAARs, the subunits GABAB1R and GABAB2R are expressed in OLs over time. Then, we found that exogenous GABA increases the number of myelin segments and MBP expression in DRG-OPC cocultures, indicating that GABA regulates myelination when OLs are in contact with axons. Notably, in purified rat OPC cultures, chronic treatment with GABA and baclofen, specific GABABR agonist, accelerates OPC differentiation by enhancing the processes branching and myelin protein expression, effects that are reverted in presence of GABABR specific antagonist CGP55845. Exposure of OPCs to baclofen promotes the Src-phosphorylation, and the baclofen-induced maturation is attenuated in presence of the Src-family kinases inhibitor PP2. None of these effects are mediated by the GABAAR agonist muscimol. Together, these results highlight the relevance of the GABAergic system in OL differentiation, and indicate that this functional role is mediated through GABABR involving the participation of Src-family kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Honoring Ricardo Miledi - outstanding neuroscientist of XX-XXI centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Serrano-Regal
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irene Luengas-Escuza
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Laura Bayón-Cordero
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Naroa Ibarra-Aizpurua
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Samartín
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain.
| | - María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
- Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain.
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Theis V, Theiss C. Progesterone Effects in the Nervous System. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1276-1286. [PMID: 30951258 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sex hormone progesterone is mainly known as a key factor in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. In addition, progesterone has been shown to induce morphological changes in the central and peripheral nervous system by increasing dendrito-, spino-, and synaptogenesis in Purkinje cells (Wessel et al.: Cell Mol Life Sci (2014a) 1723-1740) and increasing axonal outgrowth in dorsal root ganglia (Olbrich et al.: Endocrinology (2013) 3784-3795). These effects mediated mainly by the classical progesterone receptors (PRs) A and B seem to be limited to young neurons. It may be assumed that microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potent regulators of nervous system maturation and degeneration, are also involved in the regulation of progesterone-mediated neuronal plasticity by altering the expression patterns of the corresponding PR A/B receptors (Theis and Theiss: Neural Regen Res (2015) 547-549, Pieczora et al.: Cerebellum (2017) 376-387). This review critically discusses current data on the neuroprotective effect of progesterone and its corresponding receptors in the nervous system, with possible regulatory processes by miRNAs. Preclinical studies on stroke and traumatic brain injury revealed neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of progesterone in the treatment of severe neurological diseases in animal models, but have so far failed in humans. In this context, the identification of specific miRNAs that regulate the expression of progesterone and PR could help to exploit the neuroprotective potential of progesterone for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Anat Rec, 302:1276-1286, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Theis
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Wang H, Zhou Y, Cong M, Zhang L, Gu X, Tang X. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of peripheral efferent and afferent nerve fibres at different developmental stages in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11990. [PMID: 30097601 PMCID: PMC6086926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury impairs motor and sensory function in humans, and its functional recovery largely depends on the axonal outgrowth required for the accurate reinnervation of appropriate targets. To better understand how motor and sensory nerve fibres select their terminal pathways, an unbiased cDNA microarray analysis was conducted to examine differential gene expression patterns in peripheral efferent and afferent fibres at different developmental stages in mice. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed common and distinct features of enrichment for differentially expressed genes during motor and sensory nerve fibre development. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) further indicated that the key differentially expressed genes were associated with trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin signalling components and a variety of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. The aim of this study was to generate a framework of gene networks regulated during motor and sensory neuron differentiation/maturation. These data may provide new clues regarding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine the intrinsic capacity of neurons to regenerate after peripheral nerve injury. Our findings may thus facilitate further development of a potential intervention to manipulate the therapeutic efficiency of peripheral nerve repair in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
| | - Youlang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China.,The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
| | - Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China.
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China.
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Faroni A, Melfi S, Castelnovo LF, Bonalume V, Colleoni D, Magni P, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Reinbold R, Magnaghi V. GABA-B1 Receptor-Null Schwann Cells Exhibit Compromised In Vitro Myelination. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1461-1474. [PMID: 29948947 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GABA-B receptors are important for Schwann cell (SC) commitment to a non-myelinating phenotype during development. However, the P0-GABA-B1fl/fl conditional knockout mice, lacking the GABA-B1 receptor specifically in SCs, also presented axon modifications, suggesting SC non-autonomous effects through the neuronal compartment. In this in vitro study, we evaluated whether the specific deletion of the GABA-B1 receptor in SCs may induce autonomous or non-autonomous cross-changes in sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. To this end, we performed an in vitro biomolecular and transcriptomic analysis of SC and DRG neuron primary cultures from P0-GABA-B1fl/fl mice. We found that cells from conditional P0-GABA-B1fl/fl mice exhibited proliferative, migratory and myelinating alterations. Moreover, we found transcriptomic changes in novel molecules that are involved in peripheral neuron-SC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simona Melfi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Franco Castelnovo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonalume
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Colleoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rolland Reinbold
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Del Moral-Morales A, Hernández-Vega AM, Hansberg-Pastor V, Salido-Guadarrama I, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Allopregnanolone Alters the Gene Expression Profile of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030864. [PMID: 29543748 PMCID: PMC5877725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors. In these malignancies, progesterone (P4) promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion. The P4 metabolite allopregnanolone (3α-THP) similarly promotes cell proliferation in the U87 human GBM cell line. Here, we evaluated global changes in gene expression of U87 cells treated with 3α-THP, P4, and the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride (F). 3α-THP modified the expression of 137 genes, while F changed 90. Besides, both steroids regulated the expression of 69 genes. After performing an over-representation analysis of gene ontology terms, we selected 10 genes whose products are cytoskeleton components, transcription factors, and proteins involved in the maintenance of DNA stability and replication to validate their expression changes by RT-qPCR. 3α-THP up-regulated six genes, two of them were also up-regulated by F. Two genes were up-regulated by P4 alone, however, such an effect was blocked by F when cells were treated with both steroids. The remaining genes were regulated by the combined treatments of 3α-THP + F or P4 + F. An in-silico analysis revealed that promoters of the six up-regulated genes by 3α-THP possess cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive elements along with CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα) binding sites. These findings suggest that P4 and 3α-THP regulate different sets of genes that participate in the growth of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Zamora-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Aylin Del Moral-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ana M Hernández-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Valeria Hansberg-Pastor
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Castelnovo LF, Bonalume V, Melfi S, Ballabio M, Colleoni D, Magnaghi V. Schwann cell development, maturation and regeneration: a focus on classic and emerging intracellular signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1013-1023. [PMID: 28852375 PMCID: PMC5558472 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development, maturation and regeneration of Schwann cells (SCs), the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, require the coordinate and complementary interaction among several factors, signals and intracellular pathways. These regulatory molecules consist of integrins, neuregulins, growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, as well as entire intracellular pathways including protein-kinase A, C, Akt, Erk/MAPK, Hippo, mTOR, etc. For instance, Hippo pathway is overall involved in proliferation, apoptosis, regeneration and organ size control, being crucial in cancer proliferation process. In SCs, Hippo is linked to merlin and YAP/TAZ signaling and it seems to respond to mechanic/physical challenges. Recently, among factors regulating SCs, also the signaling intermediates Src tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) proved relevant for SC fate, participating in the regulation of adhesion, motility, migration and in vitro myelination. In SCs, the factors Src and FAK are regulated by the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone, thus corroborating the importance of this steroid in the control of SC maturation. In this review, we illustrate some old and novel signaling pathways modulating SC biology and functions during the different developmental, mature and regenerative states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Franco Castelnovo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonalume
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinella Ballabio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Colleoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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