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de Gea P, Benkeder S, Bouvet P, Aimard M, Chounlamountri N, Honnorat J, Do LD, Meissirel C. VEGF controls microglial phagocytic response to amyloid-β. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1264402. [PMID: 38162003 PMCID: PMC10757340 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1264402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are well known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to the impaired clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. In AD, Aβ accumulates in the brain parenchyma as soluble oligomers and protofibrils, and its aggregation process further give rise to amyloid plaques. Compelling evidence now indicate that Aβ oligomers (Aβo) are the most toxic forms responsible for neuronal and synaptic alterations. Recently, we showed that the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) counteracts Aβo-induced synaptic alterations and that a peptide derived from VEGF is able to inhibit Aβ aggregation process. Moreover, VEGF has been reported to promote microglial chemotaxis to Aβ brain deposits. We therefore investigated whether VEGF could influence microglial phagocytic response to Aβ, using in vitro and ex vivo models of amyloid accumulation. We report here that VEGF increases Aβo phagocytosis by microglial cells and further characterized the molecular basis of the VEGF effect. VEGF is able to control α-secretase activity in microglial cells, resulting in the increased cleavage of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a major microglial Aβ receptor. Consistently, the soluble form sTREM2 also increases Aβo phagocytosis by microglial cells. Taken together, these findings propose VEGF as a new regulator of Aβ clearance and suggest its potential role in rescuing compromised microglial function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscille de Gea
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Benkeder
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bouvet
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Aimard
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Naura Chounlamountri
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Le Duy Do
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Claire Meissirel
- Laboratory MeLIS, Institut Neuromyogène, Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR 5284, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Wang Y, Liu W, Geng P, Du W, Guo C, Wang Q, Zheng GQ, Jin X. Role of Crosstalk between Glial Cells and Immune Cells in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Protection after Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1010. [PMID: 37962453 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is the main pathological basis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS)-induced cerebral vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/oligodendrocytes (OLs) play critical roles in BBB damage and protection. Recent evidence indicates that immune cells also have an important role in BBB damage, vasogenic edema and HT. Therefore, regulating the crosstalk between glial cells and immune cells would hold the promise to alleviate AIS-induced BBB damage. In this review, we first introduce the roles of glia cells, pericytes, and crosstalk between glial cells in the damage and protection of BBB after AIS, emphasizing the polarization, inflammatory response and crosstalk between microglia, astrocytes, and other glia cells. We then describe the role of glial cell-derived exosomes in the damage and protection of BBB after AIS. Next, we specifically discuss the crosstalk between glial cells and immune cells after AIS. Finally, we propose that glial cells could be a potential target for alleviating BBB damage after AIS and we discuss some molecular targets and potential strategies to alleviate BBB damage by regulating glial cells after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wencao Liu
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Panpan Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Rejdak K, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Bienkowski P, Alvarez A. Modulation of neurotrophic factors in the treatment of dementia, stroke and TBI: Effects of Cerebrolysin. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1668-1700. [PMID: 37052231 DOI: 10.1002/med.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders such as dementia, stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and constitute molecular targets of high interest for the therapy of these pathologies. In this review we provide an overview of current knowledge of the definition, discovery and mode of action of five NTFs, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, brain derived NTF, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha; as well as on their contribution to brain pathology and potential therapeutic use in dementia, stroke and TBI. Within the concept of NTFs in the treatment of these pathologies, we also review the neuropeptide preparation Cerebrolysin, which has been shown to resemble the activities of NTFs and to modulate the expression level of endogenous NTFs. Cerebrolysin has demonstrated beneficial treatment capabilities in vitro and in clinical studies, which are discussed within the context of the biochemistry of NTFs. The review focuses on the interactions of different NTFs, rather than addressing a single NTF, by outlining their signaling network and by reviewing their effect on clinical outcome in prevalent brain pathologies. The effects of the interactions of these NTFs and Cerebrolysin on neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation, and their relevance for the treatment of dementia, stroke and TBI are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Anton Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, Coruña, Spain
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Zhang CY, Wang B, Hua XT, Fan K, Li YF. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and cortisol expression to predict prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5455-5461. [PMID: 37637696 PMCID: PMC10450374 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and severe complication of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly men. AIM To investigate the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cortisol (Cor) and the prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS A hundred patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled from January 2020 to December 2022 and assigned to the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage group. Another 100 healthy people who were examined at our hospital during the same period were selected and assigned to the healthy group. Peripheral venous blood was collected, and serum Cor and VGEF levels were measured through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in serum Cor and VGEF levels was observed among patients with varying degrees of neurological impairment (P < 0.05). Serum Cor and VGEF levels were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group. Cor and VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with poor prognoses than in those with good prognoses. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that serum Cor and VGEF levels were independent factors affecting hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cor and VGEF are associated with the occurrence and development of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and are significantly associated with neurological impairment and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Taihe County People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Taihe County People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kui Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Taihe County People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Taihe County People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China
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Sun HY, Wu J, Wang R, Zhang S, Xu H, Kaznacheyeva Е, Lu XJ, Ren HG, Wang GH. Pazopanib alleviates neuroinflammation and protects dopaminergic neurons in LPS-stimulated mouse model by inhibiting MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1135-1148. [PMID: 36536076 PMCID: PMC10203146 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the accumulation of Lewy bodies (LB) in the substantia nigra (SN). Evidence shows that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in PD pathogenesis. Using TNF-α as an indicator for microglial activation, we established a cellular model to screen compounds that could inhibit neuroinflammation. From 2471 compounds in a small molecular compound library composed of FDA-approved drugs, we found 77 candidates with a significant anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we further characterized pazopanib, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and advanced soft tissue sarcoma). We showed that pretreatment with pazopanib (1, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced BV2 cell activation evidenced by inhibiting the transcription of proinflammatory factors iNOS, COX2, Il-1β, and Il-6 through the MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. The conditioned medium from LPS-treated microglia caused mouse DA neuronal MES23.5 cell damage, which was greatly attenuated by pretreatment of the microglia with pazopanib. We established an LPS-stimulated mouse model by stereotactic injection of LPS into mouse substantia nigra. Administration of pazopanib (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p., for 10 days) exerted significant anti-inflammatory and neuronal protective effects, and improved motor abilities impaired by LPS in the mice. Together, we discover a promising candidate compound for anti-neuroinflammation and provide a potential repositioning of pazopanib in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Еlena Kaznacheyeva
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Xiao-Jun Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215400, China
| | - Hai-Gang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Center of Translational Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215400, China.
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Gullotta GS, Costantino G, Sortino MA, Spampinato SF. Microglia and the Blood-Brain Barrier: An External Player in Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119144. [PMID: 37298096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system that guarantee immune surveillance and exert also a modulating role on neuronal synaptic development and function. Upon injury, microglia get activated and modify their morphology acquiring an ameboid phenotype and pro- or anti-inflammatory features. The active role of microglia in blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and their interaction with different cellular components of the BBB-endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes-are described. Here, we report the specific crosstalk of microglia with all the BBB cell types focusing in particular on the involvement of microglia in the modulation of BBB function in neuroinflammatory conditions that occur in conjunction with an acute event, such as a stroke, or in a slow neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease. The potential of microglia to exert a dual role, either protective or detrimental, depending on disease stages and environmental conditioning factors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Serena Gullotta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience and Education, DISTUM, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Hay AJD, Latham AS, Mumford G, Hines AD, Risen S, Gordon E, Siebenaler C, Gilberto VS, Zabel MD, Moreno JA. Intranasally delivered mesenchymal stromal cells decrease glial inflammation early in prion disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158408. [PMID: 37250395 PMCID: PMC10213210 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an intriguing avenue for the treatment of neurological disorders due to their ability to migrate to sites of neuroinflammation and respond to paracrine signaling in those sites by secreting cytokines, growth factors, and other neuromodulators. We potentiated this ability by stimulating MSCs with inflammatory molecules, improving their migratory and secretory properties. We investigated the use of intranasally delivered adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) in combating prion disease in a mouse model. Prion disease is a rare, lethal neurodegenerative disease that results from the misfolding and aggregation of the prion protein. Early signs of this disease include neuroinflammation, activation of microglia, and development of reactive astrocytes. Later stages of disease include development of vacuoles, neuronal loss, abundant aggregated prions, and astrogliosis. We demonstrate the ability of AdMSCs to upregulate anti-inflammatory genes and growth factors when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or prion-infected brain homogenates. We stimulated AdMSCs with TNFα and performed biweekly intranasal deliveries of AdMSCs on mice that had been intracranially inoculated with mouse-adapted prions. At early stages in disease, animals treated with AdMSCs showed decreased vacuolization throughout the brain. Expression of genes associated with Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Nod-Like Receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling were decreased in the hippocampus. AdMSC treatment promoted a quiescent state in hippocampal microglia by inducing changes in both number and morphology. Animals that received AdMSCs showed a decrease in both overall and reactive astrocyte number, and morphological changes indicative of homeostatic astrocytes. Although this treatment did not prolong survival or rescue neurons, it demonstrates the benefits of MSCs in combatting neuroinflammation and astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle J. D. Hay
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Amanda S. Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Genova Mumford
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Amelia D. Hines
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sydney Risen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gordon
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Connor Siebenaler
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Vincenzo S. Gilberto
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mark D. Zabel
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Chen B, Zheng GR, Ma CY, Huang JJ, Huang G, Hua H, Qiu SZ. Prognostic and predictive significance of serum soluble scavenger receptor A in acute primary basal ganglia hemorrhage: A prospective cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:7-17. [PMID: 36436572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scavenger receptor A (SRA) can regulate immune response and is involved in pathophysiological processes of acute brain injury. We analyzed the prognostic role of serum soluble SRA in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS In this prospective cohort study of 110 healthy controls and 110 patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage, serum soluble SRA concentrations were detected. Univariate analyses, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses, were utilized to explore the relationship between serum soluble SRA concentrations and early neurologic deterioration (END) plus post-stroke 3-month poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale scores of 3-6). RESULTS Serum soluble SRA concentrations of patients were significantly higher than those of controls (median, 3.6 vs 0.9 ng/ml; P < 0.001). Serum soluble SRA concentrations of patients were independently correlated with hematoma volume (β, 0.201; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.093-0.309; P = 0.001), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (β, 0.118; 95 % CI, 0.024-0.213; P = 0.024), and 3-month modified Rankin Scale scores (β, 0.148; 95 % CI, 0.063-0.232; P = 0.001). Serum soluble SRA concentrations independently predicted END and poor 3-month prognosis with odds ratio values of 1.394 (95 % CI, 1.024-1.899; P = 0.035) and 1.441 (95 % CI, 1.016-2.044; P = 0.040) respectively. Serum soluble SRA concentrations were efficiently predictive of the development of END (ROC AUC 0.746; 95 % CI, 0.631-0.861) and poor 3-month prognosis (AUC, 0.773; 95 % CI, 0.685-0.861). Serum soluble SRA concentrations significantly improved AUCs of NIHSS score and hematoma volume to 0.889 (95 % CI, 0.829-0.948; P = 0.035) and 0.873 (95 % CI, 0.811-0.936; P = 0.036) for prognostic prediction. The END predictive ability of serum sSRA concentrations combined with NIHSS score and ICH volume (AUC, 0.900; 95 % CI, 0.835-0.965) was significantly superior to those of NIHSS score (P = 0.020) and hematoma volume (P = 0.022). The prognostic predictive capability of serum sSRA concentrations combined with NIHSS score and ICH volume (AUC, 0.907; 95 % CI, 0.852-0.962) substantially exceeded those of NIHSS score (P = 0.009) and hematoma volume (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Serum soluble SRA concentrations may reflect illness severity and neurologic function after ICH, indicating serum soluble SRA may serve as a promising prognostic biochemical marker of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Guan-Rong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Cai-Yan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ge Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hai Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shen-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou City, 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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Vaseghi S, Mostafavijabbari A, Alizadeh MS, Ghaffarzadegan R, Kholghi G, Zarrindast MR. Intricate role of sleep deprivation in modulating depression: focusing on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, cortisol, and TNF-α. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:195-219. [PMID: 36399239 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss intricate roles of SD in modulating depression in preclinical and clinical studies. Decades of research have shown the inconsistent effects of SD on depression, focusing on SD duration. However, inconsistent role of SD seems to be more complicated, and SD duration cannot be the only one factor. Regarding this issue, we chose some important factors involved in the effects of SD on cognitive functions and mood including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serotonin, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). It was concluded that SD has a wide-range of inconsistent effects on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, and cortisol levels. It was noted that BDNF diurnal rhythm is significantly involved in the modulatory role of SD in depression. Furthermore, the important role of VEGF in blood-brain barrier permeability which is involved in modulating depression was discussed. It was also noted that there is a negative correlation between cortisol and BDNF that modulates depression. Eventually, it was concluded that TNF-α regulates sleep/wake cycle and is involved in the vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral impairments following SD. TNF-α also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier which is accompanied by depressive behavior. In sum, it was suggested that future studies should focus on these mechanisms/factors to better investigate the reasons behind intricate roles of SD in modulating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad-Sadegh Alizadeh
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffarzadegan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu Y, Tang Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu S. Restoration of spinal cord injury: From endogenous repairing process to cellular therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1077441. [PMID: 36523818 PMCID: PMC9744968 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1077441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts neurological pathways and impacts sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve function. There is no effective treatment for SCI currently. Numerous endogenous cells, including astrocytes, macrophages/microglia, and oligodendrocyte, are involved in the histological healing process following SCI. By interfering with cells during the SCI repair process, some advancements in the therapy of SCI have been realized. Nevertheless, the endogenous cell types engaged in SCI repair and the current difficulties these cells confront in the therapy of SCI are poorly defined, and the mechanisms underlying them are little understood. In order to better understand SCI and create new therapeutic strategies and enhance the clinical translation of SCI repair, we have comprehensively listed the endogenous cells involved in SCI repair and summarized the six most common mechanisms involved in SCI repair, including limiting the inflammatory response, protecting the spared spinal cord, enhancing myelination, facilitating neovascularization, producing neurotrophic factors, and differentiating into neural/colloidal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Lian L, Fu R, Liu J, Shan X, Jin Y, Xu S. Microglia: The Hub of Intercellular Communication in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:889442. [PMID: 35518646 PMCID: PMC9062186 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.889442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between microglia and other cells has recently been at the forefront of research in central nervous system (CNS) disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, highlight recent studies of crosstalk between microglia and CNS resident and infiltrating cells in the context of ischemic stroke (IS), and discuss how these interactions affect the course of IS. The in-depth exploration of microglia-intercellular communication will be beneficial for therapeutic tools development and clinical translation for stroke control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lian
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jueling Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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12
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Hernando S, Nikolakopoulou P, Voulgaris D, Hernandez RM, Igartua M, Herland A. Dual effect of TAT functionalized DHAH lipid nanoparticles with neurotrophic factors in human BBB and microglia cultures. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35300705 PMCID: PMC8928663 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are an accelerating global health problem. Nevertheless, the stronghold of the brain- the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents drug penetrance and dwindles effective treatments. Therefore, it is crucial to identify Trojan horse-like drug carriers that can effectively cross the blood–brain barrier and reach the brain tissue. We have previously developed polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-based nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), namely DHAH-NLC. These carriers are modulated with BBB-permeating compounds such as chitosan (CS) and trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from HIV-1 that can entrap neurotrophic factors (NTF) serving as nanocarriers for NDs treatment. Moreover, microglia are suggested as a key causative factor of the undergoing neuroinflammation of NDs. In this work, we used in vitro models to investigate whether DHAH-NLCs can enter the brain via the BBB and investigate the therapeutic effect of NTF-containing DHAH-NLC and DHAH-NLC itself on lipopolysaccharide-challenged microglia. Methods We employed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) to capitalize on the in vivo-like TEER of this BBB model and quantitatively assessed the permeability of DHAH-NLCs. We also used the HMC3 microglia cell line to assess the therapeutic effect of NTF-containing DHAH-NLC upon LPS challenge. Results TAT-functionalized DHAH-NLCs successfully crossed the in vitro BBB model, which exhibited high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) values (≈3000 Ω*cm2). Specifically, the TAT-functionalized DHAH-NLCs showed a permeability of up to 0.4% of the dose. Furthermore, using human microglia (HMC3), we demonstrate that DHAH-NLCs successfully counteracted the inflammatory response in our cultures after LPS challenge. Moreover, the encapsulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF)-containing DHAH-NLCs (DHAH-NLC-GNDF) activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting the triggering of the endogenous anti-oxidative system present in microglia. Conclusions Overall, this work shows that the TAT-functionalized DHAH-NLCs can cross the BBB, modulate immune responses, and serve as cargo carriers for growth factors; thus, constituting an attractive and promising novel drug delivery approach for the transport of therapeutics through the BBB into the brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00315-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Anna Herland
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
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13
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Jiang F, Chen Z, Hu J, Liu Q. Serum Soluble Scavenger Receptor A Levels are Associated with Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Poor Clinical Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2529-2541. [PMID: 36349344 PMCID: PMC9637348 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s387487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scavenger receptor A (SRA), a pattern recognition molecule, is implicated in immune response after acute brain injury. We strived to identify serum soluble SRA (sSRA) as a potential biomarker of prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS In this prospective observational study, we quantified serum sSRA levels of 131 aSAH patients and 131 healthy controls. A poor outcome was defined as extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) scores of 1-4 at 90 days after injury. Relations of serum sSRA levels to severity, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcome were assessed using multivariate analysis. Predictive efficiency was determined via area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Serum sSRA levels were markedly higher in aSAH patients than in controls (median, 2.9 ng/mL versus 1.0 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Serum sSRA levels were independently correlated with Hunt-Hess scores (beta, 0.569; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.244-0.894; P = 0.001), modified Fisher scores (beta, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.254-1.074; P = 0.002) and 90-day GOSE scores (beta, -0.275; 95% CI, -0.440-0.110; P = 0.005). Serum sSRA levels independently predicted DCI (odds ratio, 1.305; 95% CI, 1.012-1.687; P = 0.040) and a poor outcome (odds ratio, 2.444; 95% CI, 1.264-4.726; P = 0.008), as well as showed significant accuracy for the discrimination of DCI (AUC, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.649-0.857; P < 0.001) and a poor outcome (AUC, 0.800; 95% CI, 0.721-0.880; P < 0.001). Its combination with Hunt-Hess scores and modified Fisher scores displayed significantly improved AUCs for predicting DCI and poor outcome, as compared to any of them (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is a significant elevation of serum sSRA levels after aSAH, which in close correlation with illness severity, are independently associated with DCI and poor clinical outcome after aSAH. Hypothetically, SRA may regulate immune response in acute brain injury after aSAH and serum sSRA is presumed to be a potential prognostic biomarker of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315336, People's Republic of China
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14
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Xu W, Zhang Z, Lu H, Wu Y, Liu J, Liu S, Yang W. Biocompatible Polyurethane Conduit Grafted with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Loaded Hydrogel Repairs the Peripheral Nerve Defect in Rats. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100397. [PMID: 34863047 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) can be potentially used to address the problems of peripheral nerve defects. The biomaterial polyurethane (PU) has already been used to construct NGCs. However, the use of a combination of PU-based NGCs and other bioactive cues, such as extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, has not been reported yet. A PU conduit grafted with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded hydrogel (abbreviated as PU/Gel/VEGF conduit) is fabricated. The leachate generated during the use of the PU/Gel/VEGF conduit could facilitate the proliferation, migration, and expression of the neural marker S100β in RSC96 cells (in vitro). The walking track and target muscle are analyzed, and it is observed that PU/Gel/VEGF conduits promote the functional recovery of the injured side. Various histological staining analyses are carried out, and the results reveal that the PU/Gel/VEGF conduit effectively improves the extent of nerve regeneration achieved. The number of blood vessels developed during the regeneration of the axons in the PU/Gel/VEGF group (attributable to the pro-angiogenic effect of the functional NGC) is higher than the number of blood vessels developed in the PU/Gel conduit. Overall, the results indicate that PU/Gel/VEGF conduits could promote the process of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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15
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He W, Zhang Z, Sha X. Nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121111. [PMID: 34488117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to high disability and mortality. The limited delivery efficiency of most therapeutic substances is a major challenge for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Inspired by the prominent merit of nanoscale particles in brain targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, various functional nanoparticles have been designed as promising drug delivery platforms that are expected to improve the therapeutic effect of ischemic stroke. Based on the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, this review outline and summarize the rationally designed nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke, including recanalization therapy, neuroprotection therapy, and combination therapy. On this bases, the potentials and challenges of nanoparticles in the treatment of ischemic stroke are revealed, and new thoughts and perspectives are proposed for the design of feasible nanoparticles for effective treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 120 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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16
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Sun K, Zhang J, Yang Q, Zhu J, Zhang X, Wu K, Li Z, Xie W, Luo X. Dexmedetomidine exerts a protective effect on ischemic brain injury by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:11-21. [PMID: 33991606 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been suggested to exert a protective function in ischemic brain injury. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of Dex in regulating microglia pyroptosis in ischemic brain injury via the purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R)/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. First, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO) rat model was established, followed by the measurement of behavioral deficit, neuronal injury, the volume of brain edema and the infarct size. Dex treatment was suggested to alleviate the neurological deficits in p-MCAO rats and reduce the brain water content and infarct size. Additionally, rat microglia were cultured in vitro and a model of oxygen and glucose (OGD) was established. Microglia cell activity and ultrastructure were detected. Dex could increase cell activity and reduce LDH activity, partially reversing the changes in cell morphology. Furthermore, the activation of P2X7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway was tested. The obtained findings indicated Dex suppressed microglial pyroptosis by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Inhibition of P2X7R or NLRP3 could inhibit Caspase-1 p10 expression, improve cell activity, and reduce LDH activity. The same result was verified in vivo experiments. This study indicated that Dex inhibited microglia pyroptosis by blocking the P2X7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, thus playing a protective role against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Qingcheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Jinzhao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Weizheng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
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17
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Asaro A, Carlo-Spiewok AS, Malik AR, Rothe M, Schipke CG, Peters O, Heeren J, Willnow TE. Apolipoprotein E4 disrupts the neuroprotective action of sortilin in neuronal lipid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1248-1258. [PMID: 32588544 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a carrier for brain lipids and the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE binds the receptor sortilin, which mediates uptake of apoE-bound cargo into neurons. The significance of this uptake route for brain lipid homeostasis and AD risk seen with apoE4, but not apoE3, remains unresolved. METHODS Combining neurolipidomics in patient specimens with functional studies in mouse models, we interrogated apoE isoform-specific functions for sortilin in brain lipid metabolism and AD. RESULTS Sortilin directs the uptake and conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids into endocannabinoids, lipid-based neurotransmitters that act through nuclear receptors to sustain neuroprotective gene expression in the brain. This sortilin function requires apoE3, but is disrupted by binding of apoE4, compromising neuronal endocannabinoid metabolism and action. DISCUSSION We uncovered the significance of neuronal apoE receptor sortilin in facilitating neuroprotective actions of brain lipids, and its relevance for AD risk seen with apoE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Asaro
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anna R Malik
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carola G Schipke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Gupta DP, Park SH, Yang HJ, Suk K, Song GJ. Neuroprotective and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton Tiglium Linn. Extract. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040261. [PMID: 32316571 PMCID: PMC7232518 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in various neurological diseases. Activated microglia secrete many pro-inflammatory factors and induce neuronal cell death. Thus, the inhibition of excessive proinflammatory activity of microglia leads to a therapeutic effect that alleviates the progression of neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of Croton tiglium (C. tiglium) Linn. extract (CTE) on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in microglia and astrocytes via RT-PCR, Western blot, and nitric oxide assay. Neurotoxicity was measured by cell viability assay and GFP image analysis. Phagocytosis of microglia was measured using fluorescent zymosan particles. CTE significantly inhibited the production of neurotoxic inflammatory factors, including nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, CTE increased the production of the neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the M2 phenotype of microglia. The culture medium retained after CTE treatment increased the survival of neurons, thereby indicating the neuroprotective effect of CTE. Our findings indicated that CTE inhibited pro-inflammatory response and increased the neuroprotective ability of microglia. In conclusion, although CTE is known to be a poisonous plant and listed on the FDA poisonous plant database, it can be used as a medicine if the amount is properly controlled. Our results suggested the potential benefits of CTE as a therapeutic agent for different neurodegenerative disorders involving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Prasad Gupta
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-280-6532
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19
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Hurst J, Mueller-Buehl AM, Hofmann L, Kuehn S, Herms F, Schnichels S, Joachim SC. iNOS-inhibitor driven neuroprotection in a porcine retina organ culture model. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4312-4323. [PMID: 32130787 PMCID: PMC7171393 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite oxide plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases, especially when hypoxic processes are involved. This degeneration can be simulated by incubating porcine retinal explants with CoCl2. Here, the therapeutic potential of iNOS‐inhibitor 1400W was evaluated. Degeneration through CoCl2 and treatment with the 1400W were applied simultaneously to porcine retinae explants. Three groups were compared: control, CoCl2, and CoCl2 + iNOS‐inhibitor (1400W). At days 4 and 8, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), bipolar, and amacrine cells were analysed. Furthermore, the influence on the glia cells and different stress markers were evaluated. Treatment with CoCl2 resulted in a significant loss of RGCs already after 4 days, which was counteracted by the iNOS‐inhibitor. Expression of HIF‐1α and its downstream targets confirmed the effective treatment with 1400W. After 8 days, the CoCl2 group displayed a significant loss in amacrine cells and also a drastic reduction in bipolar cells was observed, which was prevented by 1400W. The decrease in microglia could not be prevented by the inhibitor. CoCl2 induces strong degeneration in porcine retinae by mimicking hypoxia, damaging certain retinal cell types. Treatment with the iNOS‐inhibitor counteracted these effects to some extent, by preventing loss of retinal ganglion and bipolar cells. Hence, this inhibitor seems to be a very promising treatment for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Hurst
- Centre for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Mueller-Buehl
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa Hofmann
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Kuehn
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fenja Herms
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven Schnichels
- Centre for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Spatio-temporal and Cellular Expression Patterns of PTK7 in the Healthy and Traumatically Injured Rat and Human Spinal Cord. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1087-1103. [PMID: 31974907 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the emerging role of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) as a Wnt co-receptor and the relevant functions of the Wnt family of proteins in spinal cord injury (SCI), the potential involvement of PTK7 in SCI is currently unknown. As a first essential step to shed light on this issue, we evaluated the spatio-temporal and cellular expression patterns of PTK7 in healthy and traumatically injured rat and human spinal cords. In the uninjured rats, PTK7 expression was observed in the ependymal epithelium, endothelial cells, meningeal fibronectin-expressing cells, and specific axonal tracts, but not in microglia, astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, or NG2+ cells. After rat SCI, the mRNA expression of PTK7 was significantly increased, while its spatio-temporal and cellular protein expression patterns also suffered evident changes in the injured region. Briefly, the expression of PTK7 in the affected areas was observed in axons, reactive astrocytes, NG2+ and fibronectin-expressing cells, and in a subpopulation of reactive microglia/macrophages and blood vessels. Finally, in both healthy and traumatically injured human spinal cords, PTK7 expression pattern was similar to that observed in the rat, although some specific differences were found. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that PTK7 is constitutively expressed in the healthy adult rat and human spinal cord and that its expression pattern clearly varied after rat and human SCI which, to our knowledge, constitutes the first experimental evidence pointing to the potential involvement of this co-receptor in physiological and pathological spinal cord functioning.
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21
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Li K, Li T, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang S, Culmsee C, Wang X, Zhu C. Sex differences in neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia and adaptaquin treatment. J Neurochem 2019; 150:759-775. [PMID: 31188470 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-PHDs) are important targets against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that inhibition HIF-PHD by adaptaquin reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model. The pups were treated intraperitoneally immediately with adaptaquin after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and then every 24 h for 3 days. Adaptaquin treatment reduced infarction volume by an average of 26.3% at 72 h after HI compared to vehicle alone, and this reduction was more pronounced in males (34.8%) than in females (11.7%). The protection was also more pronounced in the cortex. The subcortical white matter injury as measured by tissue loss volume was reduced by 24.4% in the adaptaquin treatment group, and this reduction was also more pronounced in males (28.4%) than in females (18.9%). Cell death was decreased in the cortex as indicated by Fluoro-Jade labeling, but not in other brain regions with adaptaquin treatment. Furthermore, in the brain injury area, adaptaquin did not alter the number of cells positive for caspase-3 activation or translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nuclei. Adaptaquin treatment increased glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA expression in the cortex but had no impact on 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, or malondialdehyde production. Hif1α mRNA expression increased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment also stimulated Hif1α mRNA expression, which was also more pronounced in males than in females. However, nuclear translocation of HIF1α protein was decreased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment had no influence on HIF1α expression in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that adaptaquin treatment is neuroprotective, but the potential mechanisms need further investigation. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Cárdenas-Rivera A, Campero-Romero AN, Heras-Romero Y, Penagos-Puig A, Rincón-Heredia R, Tovar-Y-Romo LB. Early Post-stroke Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Hinders the Receptor 1-Dependent Neuroprotection Afforded by the Endogenous Ligand. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:270. [PMID: 31312121 PMCID: PMC6614187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has long been connected to the development of tissue lesion following ischemic stroke. Contradictory findings either situate VEGF as a promoter of large infarct volumes or as a potential attenuator of damage due to its well documented neuroprotective capability. The core of this discrepancy mostly lies on the substantial number of pleiotropic functions driven by VEGF. Mechanistically, these effects are activated through several VEGF receptors for which various closely related ligands exist. Here, we tested in an experimental model of stroke how the differential activation of VEGF receptors 1 and 2 would modify functional and histological outcomes in the acute phase post-ischemia. We also assessed whether VEGF-mediated responses would involve the modulation of inflammatory mechanisms and how this trophic factor acted specifically on neuronal receptors. We produced ischemic infarcts in adult rats by transiently occluding the middle cerebral artery and induced the pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptors by i.c.v. administration of the specific VEGFR2 inhibitor SU1498 and the pan-VEGFR blocker Axitinib. We evaluated the neurological performance of animals at 24 h following stroke and the occurrence of brain infarctions analyzed at the gross metabolic and neuronal viability levels. We also assessed the induction of peripheral pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood and assessed the polarization of activated microglia. Finally, we studied the direct involvement of cortical neuronal receptors for VEGF with in vitro assays of excitotoxic damage. Preferential VEGFR1 activation by the endogenous ligand promotes neuronal protection and prevents the presentation of large volume infarcts that highly correlate with neurological performance, while the concomitant activation of VEGFR2 reduces this effect, even in the presence of exogenous ligand. This process partially involves the polarization of microglia to the state M2. At the cellular level, neurons also responded better to the preferential activation of VEGFR1 when challenged to N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity. Endogenous activation of VEGFR2 hinders the neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by the activation of VEGFR1. The selective modulation of these concurrent processes might enable the development of therapeutic approaches that target specific VEGFR1-mediated signaling during the acute phase post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cárdenas-Rivera
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aura N Campero-Romero
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yessica Heras-Romero
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Penagos-Puig
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Shen H, Chen X, Li X, Jia K, Xiao Z, Dai J. Transplantation of adult spinal cord grafts into spinal cord transected rats improves their locomotor function. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:725-733. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Yang Q, Zhou J. Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system: Symphony of glial cells. Glia 2018; 67:1017-1035. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao‐qiao Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jia‐wei Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China
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25
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Yang X, Zhong M, Chen J, Li T, Cheng Q, Dai Y. HIF-1<alpha> Repression of PTEN Transcription Mediates Protective Effects of BMSCs on Neurons During Hypoxia. Neuroscience 2018; 392:57-65. [PMID: 30267829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a cerebral hypoxic-ischemic disease caused by a variety of insults during the perinatal period, leading to varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in functional recovery, but the mechanism is not yet clear. It has been reported that HIF-1<alpha> and PTEN are involved in the process of hypoxia-ischemia, but the specific roles that these proteins play remains to be understood. In this study, we performed oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) or CoCl2 preconditioning on hippocampal neurons to simulate a hypoxic environment in vitro, and then co-cultured them with BMSCs, to observe the effect of BMSCs and the role of HIF-1<alpha>. In addition, bpV, an inhibitor of PTEN was added to OGD neurons to determine the role of PTEN during hypoxia. We found that the levels of cell damage and apoptosis in OGD neurons decreased significantly after co-culture with BMSCs. Apoptosis was increased when HIF-1<alpha> was inhibited, but neurons remained protected when PTEN was suppressed. We further established that HIF-1<alpha> was enriched at the PTEN promoter both in BMSCs and hippocampal neurons, with increased enrichment under hypoxic conditions, leading to reduced transcription of PTEN. Our findings support the conclusion that CoCl2 preconditioning of BMSCs can simulate hypoxic conditions and can protect OGD neurons, an effect that is mediated through activation of the HIF-1<alpha> system and repression of PTEN transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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26
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Gupta N, Shyamasundar S, Patnala R, Karthikeyan A, Arumugam TV, Ling EA, Dheen ST. Recent progress in therapeutic strategies for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in neuropathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:765-781. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1515917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Gupta
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sukanya Shyamasundar
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radhika Patnala
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aparna Karthikeyan
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Thurgur H, Pinteaux E. Microglia in the Neurovascular Unit: Blood-Brain Barrier-microglia Interactions After Central Nervous System Disorders. Neuroscience 2018; 405:55-67. [PMID: 31007172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, microglial cells have been regarded as the main executor of inflammation after acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders, responding rapidly to exogenous stimuli during acute trauma or infections, or signals released by cells undergoing cell death during conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Barriers of the nervous system, and in particular the blood-brain barrier (BBB), play a key role in the normal physiological and cognitive functions of the brain. Being at the interface between the central and peripheral compartment, the BBB is regarded as a sensor of homeostasis, and any disruption within the brain or the systemic compartment triggers BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation, both contributing to the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. This involves a dynamic response mediated by all components of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and ongoing research suggests that BBB-microglia interaction is critical to dictate the microglial response to NVU injury. The present review aims to give an up-to-date account of the emerging critical role of BBB-microglia interactions during neuroinflammation, and how these could be targeted for the therapeutic treatment of major central inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thurgur
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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28
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Rayasam A, Hsu M, Kijak JA, Kissel L, Hernandez G, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Immune responses in stroke: how the immune system contributes to damage and healing after stroke and how this knowledge could be translated to better cures? Immunology 2018; 154:363-376. [PMID: 29494762 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The long-standing dogma that stroke is exclusively a vascular disease has been questioned by extensive clinical findings of immune factors that are associated mostly with inflammation after stroke. These have been confirmed in preclinical studies using experimental animal models. It is now accepted that inflammation and immune mediators are critical in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing following thrombotic and ischaemic stroke. Despite mounting information delineating the role of the immune system in stroke, the mechanisms of how inflammatory cells and their mediators are involved in stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. Currently, there is no available treatment for targeting the acute immune response that develops in the brain during cerebral ischaemia. No new treatment has been introduced to stroke therapy since the discovery of tissue plasminogen activator therapy in 1996. Here, we review current knowledge of the immunity of stroke and identify critical gaps that hinder current therapies. We will discuss advances in the understanding of the complex innate and adaptive immune responses in stroke; mechanisms of immune cell-mediated and factor-mediated vascular and tissue injury; immunity-induced tissue repair; and the importance of modulating immunity in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kijak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lee Kissel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gianna Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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29
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Liu M, Wu Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, He S, Zhang H, Wu L, Tu F, Zhao Y, Liu C, Chen X. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protects Astrocytes Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating the Caveolin-1/VEGF Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:211-223. [PMID: 29299743 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A previous in vivo study demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats increased the expression of caveolin-1 (cav-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cerebral ischemia penumbra. Because astrocytes are the largest population in the brain, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of bFGF on cav-1 and VEGF expression in rat astrocytes following oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). For this, an ischemic model in vitro of oxygen glucose deprivation lasting for 6 h, followed by 24 h of reoxygenation was used. Primary astrocytes from newborn rats were pre-treated with siRNA targeting bFGF before OGD/R. Cell viability was measured by a CCK-8 assay. The protein and mRNA expressions of bFGF, cav-1, and VEGF were evaluated by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that OGD/R reduced cell viability, which was decreased further following bFGF knockdown; however, restoring bFGF improved cell survival. A cav-1 inhibitor abrogated the effect of bFGF on cell viability. The expression levels of bFGF mRNA, bFGF protein, cav-1 mRNA, cav-1 protein, and VEGF protein were higher in OGD/R astrocytes. bFGF knockdown markedly decreased the expression levels of cav-1 mRNA, cav-1 protein, and VEGF protein, which were effectively reversed by exogenous bFGF treatment. Moreover, exogenous bFGF treatment significantly increased the expression levels of cav-1 mRNA, cav-1 protein, and VEGF protein in OGD/R astrocytes; however, a cav-1 inhibitor abolished the effect of bFGF on VEGF protein expression. These results suggested that bFGF may protect astrocytes against ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Liu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yudan Wu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yidian Liu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shujuan He
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fengxia Tu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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