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van den Berg NS, Lammers NA, Smits AR, Lugtmeijer S, Pinto Y, De Haan EHF. Mid-range visual functions in relation to higher-order visual functions after stroke. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:580-591. [PMID: 36415166 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2147487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate whether associations between deficits in "mid-range" visual functions and deficits in higher-order visual cognitive functions in stroke patients are more in line with a hierarchical, two-pathway model of the visual brain, or with a patchwork model, which assumes a parallel organization with many processing routes and cross-talk. METHODS A group of 182 ischemic stroke patients was assessed with a new diagnostic set-up for the investigation of a comprehensive range of visuosensory mid-range functions: color, shape, location, orientation, correlated motion, contrast and texture. With logistic regression analyses we investigated the predictive value of these mid-range functions for deficits in visuoconstruction (Copy of the Rey-Complex Figure Test), visual emotion recognition (Ekman 60 Faces Test of the FEEST) and visual memory (computerized Doors-test). RESULTS Results showed that performance on most mid-range visual tasks could not predict performance on higher-order visual cognitive tasks. Correlations were low to weak. Impaired visuoconstruction and visual memory were only modestly predicted by a worse location perception. Impaired emotion perception was modestly predicted by a worse orientation perception. In addition, double dissociations were found: there were patients with selective deficits in mid-range visual functions without higher-order visual deficits and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are not in line with the hierarchical, two-pathway model. Instead, the findings are more in line with alternative "patchwork" models, arguing for a parallel organization with many processing routes and cross-talk. However, future studies are needed to test these alternative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils S van den Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki A Lammers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk R Smits
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Selma Lugtmeijer
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yair Pinto
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward H F De Haan
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,St. Hugh's College, Oxford University, UK
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Lammers NA, Van den Berg NS, Lugtmeijer S, Smits AR, Pinto Y, de Haan EHF. Mid-range visual deficits after stroke: Prevalence and co-occurrence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262886. [PMID: 35363793 PMCID: PMC8975013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual deficits are common after stroke and are powerful predictors for the chronic functional outcome. However, while basic visual field and recognition deficits are relatively easy to assess with standardized methods, selective deficits in visual primitives, such as shape or motion, are harder to identify, as they often require a symmetrical bilateral posterior lesion in order to provoke full field deficits. Therefore, we do not know how often they occur. Nevertheless, they can have severe repercussions for daily-life functioning. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of hemifield “mid-range” visual deficits (i.e. color, shape, location, orientation, correlated motion, contrast, texture and glossiness), using a novel experimental set-up with a gaze-contingent presentation of the stimuli. To this end, a prospective cohort of 220 ischemic (sub)cortical stroke patients and a healthy control group was assessed with this set-up. When comparing performance of patients with controls, the results showed that deficits in motion-perception were most prevalent (26%), followed by color (22%), texture (22%), location (21%), orientation (18%), contrast (14%), shape (14%) and glossiness (13%). 63% of the stroke patients showed one or more mid-range visual deficits. Overlap of deficits was small; they mostly occurred in isolation or co-occurred with only one or two other deficits. To conclude, it was found that deficits in “mid-range” visual functions were very prevalent. These deficits are likely to affect the chronic post-stroke condition. Since we found no strong patterns of co-occurrences, we suggest that an assessment of deficits at this level of visual processing requires screening the full range of visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A. Lammers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nils S. Van den Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Selma Lugtmeijer
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk R. Smits
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yair Pinto
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward H. F. de Haan
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- St.Hugh’s College, Oxford, United Kindom
- * E-mail:
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Test-retest reliability and practice effect of the Leuven Perceptual Organisation Screening Test. Behav Res Methods 2022; 54:2457-2462. [PMID: 35018610 PMCID: PMC9579066 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVisual diagnostic tests must have a high degree of consistency in their measurements (high reliability) to ensure accurate assessment of perceptual abilities. The current study assessed test-retest reliability and practice effects in the Leuven Perceptual Organisation Screening Test (L-POST) in 144 healthy volunteers, with time intervals between 0 and 756 days. We used Pearson's and intraclass correlation analysis, Bland-Altman analysis and multilevel modelling. Results from our analyses converged and supported an adequate reliability of the L-POST. Multilevel modelling demonstrated an absence of practice effect, suggesting that the L-POST is suitable for repeat administration. This study suggests that the L-POST has adequate reliability and is suitable for repeat administration even at short intervals. This study provides the basis for a more systematic evaluation for neuropsychological assessments, which can lead to the development of more reliable assessment batteries.
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Gobbo S, Calati R, Silveri MC, Pini E, Daini R. The rehabilitation of object agnosia and prosopagnosia: A systematic review. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022; 40:217-240. [PMID: 36155537 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agnosia for objects is often overlooked in neuropsychology, especially with respect to rehabilitation. Prosopagnosia has been studied more extensively, yet there have been few attempts at training it. The lack of training protocols may partially be accounted for by their relatively low incidence and specificity to sensory modality. However, finding effective rehabilitations for such deficits may help to reduce their impact on the social and psychological functioning of individuals. OBJECTIVE Our aim in this study was to provide clinicians and researchers with useful information with which to conduct new studies on the rehabilitation of object agnosia and prosopagnosia. To accomplish this, we performed a systematic and comprehensive review of the effect of neuropsychological rehabilitation on visual object and prosopagnosia. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. In addition, the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) scales were used to assess the quality of reporting. RESULTS Seven articles regarding object agnosia, eight articles describing treatments for prosopagnosia, and two articles describing treatments for both deficits were included. CONCLUSIONS In the light of the studies reviewed, treatments based on analysis of parts seem effective for object agnosia, while prosopagnosia appears to benefit most from treatments relying on holistic/configural processing. However, more attempts at rehabilitation of face and object agnosia are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these processes and possible rehabilitations. Moreover, a publication bias could mask a broader attempt to find effective treatments for visual agnosia and leaving out studies that are potentially more informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gobbo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Elisa Pini
- Neuroscience Department "Fondazione Poliambulanza" Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Daini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (Neuromi)
- University Research Center in Opticsand Optometry, Università di Milano-Bicocca (Comib), Milano, Italy
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5
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Passarelli M, Masini M, Chiorri C, Nurcis A, Daini R, Bracco F. Implicit evidence on the dissociation of identity and emotion recognition. Cogn Process 2021; 23:79-90. [PMID: 34618254 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-021-01061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of identity and of emotional facial expressions of individuals are both based on processing of the human face. While most studies show these abilities to be dissociated, some others find evidence of a connection. One possible explanation for these contradictory results comes from neurological evidence, which points to identity recognition being mostly based on holistic processing, while emotion recognition seems to be based on both an explicit, fine-grained process, and an implicit, mostly-holistic one. Our main hypothesis, that would explain the contradictory findings, is that holistic implicit emotion recognition, specifically, would be related to identity recognition, while explicit emotion recognition would be a process separate to identity recognition. To test this hypothesis, we employed an experimental paradigm in which spatial frequencies of visual stimuli are manipulated so that automatic, holistic-based, implicit emotion recognition influences perceived friendliness of unfamiliar faces. We predicted the effect to be related to identity recognition ability, since they both require holistic face processing. After a successful replication study, we employed the paradigm with 140 participants, measuring also identity recognition ability and explicit emotion recognition ability. Results showed that the effect is not moderated by these two variables (p = .807 and .373, respectively), suggesting that the independence of identity and emotion recognition holds even when considering, specifically, implicit emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Passarelli
- ITD - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Michele Masini
- V.I.E. (Valorizzazione Innovazione Empowerment), Viale Brigata Bisagno 12/4, 16129, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Chiorri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Andrea Podestà 2, 16139, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nurcis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Andrea Podestà 2, 16139, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Daini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Andrea Podestà 2, 16139, Genova, Italy
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Rice GE, Kerry SJ, Robotham RJ, Leff AP, Lambon Ralph MA, Starrfelt R. Category-selective deficits are the exception and not the rule: Evidence from a case-series of 64 patients with ventral occipito-temporal cortex damage. Cortex 2021; 138:266-281. [PMID: 33770511 PMCID: PMC8064027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The organisational principles of the visual ventral stream are still highly debated, particularly the relative association/dissociation between word and face recognition and the degree of lateralisation of the underlying processes. Reports of dissociations between word and face recognition stem from single case-studies of category selective impairments, and neuroimaging investigations of healthy participants. Despite the historical reliance on single case-studies, more recent group studies have highlighted a greater commonality between word and face recognition. Studying individual patients with rare selective deficits misses (a) important variability between patients, (b) systematic associations between task performance, and (c) patients with mild, severe and/or non-selective impairments; meaning that the full spectrum of deficits is unknown. The Back of the Brain project assessed the range and specificity of visual perceptual impairment in 64 patients with posterior cerebral artery stroke recruited based on lesion localization and not behavioural performance. Word, object, and face processing were measured with comparable tests across different levels of processing to investigate associations and dissociations across domains. We present two complementary analyses of the extensive behavioural battery: (1) a data-driven analysis of the whole patient group, and (2) a single-subject case-series analysis testing for deficits and dissociations in each individual patient. In both analyses, the general organisational principle was of associations between words, objects, and faces even following unilateral lesions. The majority of patients either showed deficits across all domains or in no domain, suggesting a spectrum of visuo-perceptual deficits post stroke. Dissociations were observed, but they were the exception and not the rule: Category-selective impairments were found in only a minority of patients, all of whom showed disproportionate deficits for words. Interestingly, such selective word impairments were found following both left and right hemisphere lesions. This large-scale investigation of posterior cerebral artery stroke patients highlights the bilateral representation of visual perceptual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Rice
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (CBU), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sheila J Kerry
- University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK
| | - Ro J Robotham
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex P Leff
- University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK
| | | | - Randi Starrfelt
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ben Itzhak N, Vancleef K, Franki I, Laenen A, Wagemans J, Ortibus E. Visuoperceptual profiles of children using the Flemish cerebral visual impairment questionnaire. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:969-976. [PMID: 31889310 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the underlying factor structure of the 46-item Flemish cerebral visual impairment (CVI) questionnaire, differentiate the factor scores of children with and without CVI, and examine the impact of comorbidities on factor scores. METHOD The records of 630 children (386 males, 244 females; median age 77mo; interquartile range 63-98mo) who visited the CVI clinic and the Centre for Developmental Disabilities at the University Hospitals of Leuven from 2001 to 2018 were reviewed systematically. Inclusion criteria included an up-to-date questionnaire, a definitive diagnosis, and clinical assessment. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-five children (179 with CVI [108 males, 71 females; median age 74mo; interquartile range 61-93mo] and 166 without CVI [110 males, 56 females; median age 88mo; interquartile range 70-107mo]) were included. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor (object and face processing impairments; visual (dis)interest; clutter and distance viewing impairments; moving in space impairments; and anxiety-related behaviours) biologically and clinically plausible model, which retained 35 items and explained 56% of the total variance. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that factors 1 to 4 were significantly higher in children with CVI compared to children without CVI (p-values ranged from p<0.001 to p<0.05; effect sizes ranged from 0.11 to 0.33); factor 5 showed no differences. Autism, developmental coordination disorder, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy impacted factor scores. INTERPRETATION A 5-factor structure of the Flemish CVI questionnaire differentiates children with and without CVI. Comorbidities should be accounted for when researching CVI. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is characterized by impaired object and face processing and impaired visual interest. CVI is also characterized by impaired clutter and distance viewing, and impaired moving in space. All children (with or without CVI) demonstrated anxiety-related behaviours. Autism affected object/face processing, whereas developmental coordination disorder, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy affected visual interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Ben Itzhak
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Vancleef
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inge Franki
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Wagemans
- Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Brain and Cognition, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Corrigendum. J Neuropsychol 2020; 14:193-194. [PMID: 32159911 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vancleef K, Janssens E, Petré Y, Wagemans J, Ortibus E. Assessment tool for visual perception deficits in cerebral visual impairment: development and normative data of typically developing children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:111-117. [PMID: 31267521 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop an assessment tool that measures a wide range of visual perceptual deficits common in cerebral visual impairment (CVI) and to provide normative data from typically developing children between 3 and 6 years of age. METHOD Test development reflected cross-talk between vision research and clinical relevance for CVI. The Children's Visual Impairment Test for 3- to 6-year-olds (CVIT 3-6) includes 14 subtests covering four domains of visual perception: Object Recognition, Degraded Object Recognition, Motion Perception, and Global-Local Processing. Normative data were collected from 301 typically developing children (mean age 4y 8mo [SD 9.7mo]; 148 females, 153 males). A questionnaire was administered to parents about pregnancy duration, birth, and developmental problems. RESULTS Average total CVIT 3-6 performance was 60.1 (SD 5.5) out of 70. The cut-off score for normal visual perception (53) was set at the 10th centile of scores in typically developing children. Multiple regression indicated CVIT 3-6 visual perception scores increase with age for children born at 36 weeks' gestational age or later (β=-18.03, 95% confidence interval -31.31 to -4.75). INTERPRETATION CVIT 3-6 is a tool to assess a wide range of visual perceptual deficits common in CVI. Age-dependent normative data are available because we found performance increased with age. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS A test for visual perceptual deficits common in cerebral visual impairment. Visual perceptual functions improve with age in full-term typically developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Vancleef
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Janssens
- Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Developmental Disabilities, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Wagemans
- Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Centre for Developmental Disabilities, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ortibus E, Fazzi E, Dale N. Cerebral Visual Impairment and Clinical Assessment: The European Perspective. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2019; 31:15-24. [PMID: 31548019 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the multidisciplinary pediatric assessment methods of 3 European centers for identifying and assessing cerebral visual impairment in childhood. It describes a comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment evaluation in which visual aspects play an important part. Developmental trajectories and the heterogeneity of the clinical picture are emphasized. Multidisciplinary ophthalmology and neurodisability/neurology teamwork together with the parent and teachers, to reach an integrated and individualized perspective for the individual child, are described. This comprehensive assessment is the starting point for habilitation programs and interventions, that can support and meet the child's needs and help them reach their optimal potential. Future developments in classification of the cerebral visual impairment conditions, building on the child's individual assessment profile, will further enhance the direction of clinical, educational, and research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Ortibus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Civil Hospital -Brescia, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Dale
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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Moutsiana C, Soliman R, de Wit L, James-Galton M, Sereno MI, Plant GT, Schwarzkopf DS. Unexplained Progressive Visual Field Loss in the Presence of Normal Retinotopic Maps. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1722. [PMID: 30374315 PMCID: PMC6196317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions of primary visual cortex or its primary inputs typically result in retinotopically localized scotomas. Here we present an individual with unexplained visual field loss and deficits in visual perception in the absence of structural damage to the early visual pathway or lesions in visual cortex. The subject, monocular from an early age, underwent repeated perimetry tests over 8 years demonstrating severe anopia of the lower hemifield, and a clockwise progression of the loss through her upper left visual field. Her visual impairment was evident in a number of standardized tests and psychophysics, especially in tasks assessing spatial integration using illusory contours. However, her intellectual ability was intact and her performance in some other tasks assessing color vision or object detection in scenes was normal. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroretinography and visually evoked potentials. Surprisingly, in contrast to the participant's severe anopia, we found no evidence of abnormal function of her early visual pathways. Specifically, we performed retinotopic mapping using population receptive field (pRF) analysis to map the functional organization of visual cortex in the anopic participant and three control participants on two occasions three and a half years apart. Despite the behavioral visual field loss, her retinotopic maps and pRF parameters in visual areas V1-V3 were qualitatively normal. Further behavioral experiments confirmed that this discrepancy was not trivially explained by the difference between stimuli used for retinotopic mapping and perimetry. Structural T1 scans were normal at both time points, and volumetric analysis of white and gray matter tissue on the segmented T1 volumes did not reveal any abnormalities or deterioration over time. Our findings suggest that normal functional organization of early visual cortex without evident structural damage to the early visual pathway as disclosed by the techniques employed in this study does not necessarily guarantee conscious perception across the visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Moutsiana
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Radwa Soliman
- Radio-Diagnosis, Assiut University Hospitals, Asyut, Egypt
- The Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee de Wit
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merle James-Galton
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin I. Sereno
- Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon T. Plant
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), London, United Kingdom
| | - D. Samuel Schwarzkopf
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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de Vries SM, Heutink J, Melis-Dankers BJM, Vrijling ACL, Cornelissen FW, Tucha O. Screening of visual perceptual disorders following acquired brain injury: A Delphi study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2017; 25:197-209. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1275636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. de Vries
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Heutink
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Huizen, The Netherlands
| | - B. J. M. Melis-Dankers
- Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Huizen, The Netherlands
| | - A. C. L. Vrijling
- Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Huizen, The Netherlands
| | - F. W. Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - O. Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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No evidence for surface organization in Kanizsa configurations during continuous flash suppression. Atten Percept Psychophys 2016; 78:902-14. [PMID: 26704563 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-015-1043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Does one need to be aware of a visual stimulus for it to be perceptually organized into a coherent whole? The answer to this question regarding the interplay between Gestalts and visual awareness remains unclear. Using interocular suppression as the paradigm for rendering stimuli invisible, conflicting evidence has been obtained as to whether the traditional Kanizsa surface is constructed during interocular suppression. While Sobel and Blake (2003) and Harris, Schwarzkopf, Song, Bahrami, and Rees (2011) failed to find evidence for this, Wang, Weng, and He (2012) showed that standard configurations of Kanizsa pacmen would break interocular suppression faster than their rotated counterparts. In the current study, we replicated the findings by Wang et al. (2012) but show that neither an account based on the construction of a surface nor one based on the long-range collinearities in the standard Kanizsa configuration stimulus could fully explain the difference in breakthrough times. We discuss these findings in the context of differences in the amplitudes of the Fourier orientation spectra for all stimulus types. Thus, we find no evidence that the integration of separate elements takes place during interocular suppression of Kanizsa stimuli, suggesting that this Gestalt involving figure-ground assignment is not constructed when rendered nonconscious using interocular suppression.
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Costa TL, Zaninotto ALC, Benute GG, De Lúcia MCS, Paiva WS, Wagemans J, Boggio PS. Perceptual organization deficits in traumatic brain injury patients. Neuropsychologia 2015; 78:142-52. [PMID: 26455804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition and there is limited visual perception research with this population. Here, we investigated perceptual organization changes in a rather homogeneous sample of closed head TBI outpatients with diffuse axonal injury only and no other known comorbidities. Patients had normal or corrected visual acuity. Perceptual organization was measured with the Leuven Perceptual Organization Screening Test (L-POST), a coherent motion task (CM) and the Leuven Embedded Figures Test (L-EFT). These tests were chosen to screen for deficits in different aspects of perceptual organization (L-POST), to evaluate local and global processing (L-EFT) and grouping in a dynamic set of stimuli (CM). TBI patients were significantly impaired compared to controls in all measures for both response time and accuracy, except for CM thresholds and object recognition subtests. The TBI group was similarly affected in all aspects of the L-EFT. TBI was also similarly affected in all perceptual factors of the L-POST. No significant correlations were found between scores and time post-injury, except for CM thresholds (rs=-0.74), which might explain the lack of group-level differences. The only score significantly correlated to IQ was L-EFT response time (rs=-0.67). These findings demonstrate that perceptual organization is diffusely affected in TBI and this effect has no substantial correlations with IQ. As many of the neuropsychological tests used to measure different cognitive functions involve some level of visual discrimination and perceptual organization demands, these results must be taken into account in the general neuropsychological evaluation of TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago L Costa
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza C Zaninotto
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gláucia G Benute
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara C S De Lúcia
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellingson S Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johan Wagemans
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paulo S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
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