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Baba H. [Introduction to Myelin Research]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:837-853. [PMID: 35908945 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a multilamellar membrane structure formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It has been recognized as an insulator that is essential for the rapid and efficient propagation of action potentials by saltatory conduction. However, recently many studies have shown that myelin and myelin-forming cells interact with axons and regulate the nervous system far more actively than previously thought. For example, myelination changes axons dynamically and divides them into four distinct functional domains: node of Ranvier, paranode, juxtaparanode, and internode. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are clustered at the node, while K+ channels are at the juxtaparanode, and segregation of these channels by paranodal axoglial junction is necessary for proper axonal function. My research experience began at the neurology ward of the Niigata University Medical Hospital, where I saw a patient with peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology more than 37 years ago. In the patient's serum, we found an autoantibody against a glycolipid enriched in the PNS. Since then, I have been interested in myelin because of its beautiful structure and unique roles in the nervous system. In this review, our recent studies related to CNS and PNS myelin are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Di Stefano V, Barbone F, Ferrante C, Telese R, Vitale M, Onofrj M, Di Muzio A. Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies: Clinical and immunological aspects, current therapies, and future perspectives. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220942340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies are heterogeneous disorders characterized by immune-mediated leukocyte infiltration of peripheral nerves and nerve roots leading to demyelination or axonal degeneration or both. Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies can be divided into acute and chronic: Guillain–Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and their variants. Despite major advances in immunology and molecular biology have been made in the last years, the pathogenesis of these disorders is not completely understood. This review summarizes the current literature of the clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies and focuses on current therapies and new potential treatment for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Stefano
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Filomena Barbone
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Telese
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michela Vitale
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Muzio
- Department of Neurology, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, Chieti, Italy
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Doneddu PE, Cocito D, Manganelli F, Fazio R, Briani C, Filosto M, Benedetti L, Mazzeo A, Marfia GA, Cortese A, Fierro B, Jann S, Beghi E, Clerici AM, Carpo M, Schenone A, Luigetti M, Lauria G, Antonini G, Rosso T, Siciliano G, Cavaletti G, Liberatore G, Santoro L, Peci E, Tronci S, Ruiz M, Cotti Piccinelli S, Toscano A, Mataluni G, Piccolo L, Cosentino G, Sabatelli M, Nobile-Orazio E. Atypical CIDP: diagnostic criteria, progression and treatment response. Data from the Italian CIDP Database. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:125-132. [PMID: 30297520 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A few variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) have been described, but their frequency and evolution to typical CIDP remain unclear. To determine the frequency and characteristics of the CIDP variants, their possible evolution to typical CIDP, and treatment response. METHODS We applied a set of diagnostic criteria to 460 patients included in a database of Italian patients with CIDP. Clinical characteristics and treatment response were reviewed for each patient. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the progression rate from atypical to typical CIDP. RESULTS At the time of inclusion, 376 (82%) patients had a diagnosis of typical CIDP while 84 (18%) had atypical CIDP, including 34 (7%) with distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy (DADS), 17 (4%) with purely motor, 17 (4%) with Lewis-Sumner syndrome (LSS) and 16 (3.5%) with purely sensory CIDP. Based on retrospective review of the symptoms and signs present at onset and for at least 1 year, 180 (39%) patients had an initial diagnosis compatible with atypical CIDP that in 96 (53%) patients evolved to typical CIDP. Mean disease duration was longer in patients evolving to typical CIDP than in those not evolving (p=0.0016). Patients with DADS and LSS had a less frequent response to immunoglobulin than those with typical CIDP, while patients with purely motor and sensory CIDP had a similar treatment response. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of patients with atypical CIDP varies during the disease course. DADS and LSS have a less frequent response to intravenous immunoglobulin compared with typical CIDP, raising the possibility of a different underlying pathogenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Emiliano Doneddu
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Dario Cocito
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fazio
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, Unit of Neurology, ASST 'Spedali Civili', University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Anna Mazzeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Girolama Alessandra Marfia
- Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortese
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Brigida Fierro
- Department of Experimental BioMedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Jann
- Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Laboratorio di Malattie Neurologiche, IRCCS-Istituto Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Maurizio Clerici
- Neurology Unit, Circolo and Macchi Foundation Hospital, Insubria University, DBSV, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Unit of Neuroalgology, IRCCS Foundation 'Carlo Besta' Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Unit of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rosso
- ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, UOC Neurologia-Castelfranco Veneto, Treviso, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Experimental Neurology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Liberatore
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Erdita Peci
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Tronci
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ruiz
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Cotti Piccinelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, Unit of Neurology, ASST 'Spedali Civili', University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mataluni
- Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccolo
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Experimental BioMedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus, Foundation-Pol. A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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