1
|
Herrel A, Locatelli Y, Ortiz K, Theil JC, Cornette R, Cucchi T. Cranial muscle architecture in wild boar: Does captivity drive ontogenetic trajectories? J Morphol 2024; 285:e21676. [PMID: 38361257 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The jaw system in mammals is complex and different muscle morphotypes have been documented. Pigs are an interesting group of animals as they are omnivorous and have a bunodont crushing dentition. Moreover, they have interacted with humans for over 10,000 years and grow nearly two orders of magnitude in size. Despite being a model system for studies on cranial form and function, data on the growth of the jaw adductor muscles are scant. Moreover, whether captivity impacts the growth and architecture of the jaw adductors remains unknown. Based on dissection data of the jaw adductors of 45 animals ranging from less than 1 kg to almost 100 kg, we show that muscle masses, muscle fiber lengths, and cross-sectional areas scale as predicted for geometrically similar systems or with slight negative allometry. Only the fiber length of the lateral pterygoid muscle grew with slight positive allometry. Animals raised in captivity in stalls or in an enclosure were overall very similar to wild animals. However, some muscles were larger in captive animals. Interestingly, variation in bite force in captive animals was well predicted by the variation in the size of the superficial masseter muscle relative to the overall jaw adductor mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Obterre, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Katia Ortiz
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Obterre, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Theil
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), CNRS, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cucchi
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Razmaitė V, Šiukščius A, Marašinskienė Š. Cranial Morphology of Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle Pigs and Their Hybrids with Wild Boar. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091453. [PMID: 37174490 PMCID: PMC10177289 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of domestic pig breeds and their hybridization increases the variety of phenotypes expressed in hybrids. The aim of this study was to quantify the differences of cranial morphologies between local Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle pigs and theirhybrids with wild boar. A total of sixteen craniometric measurements were performed on the lateral, ventral and dorsal sides of 71 skulls of Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle pigs and their hybrids, including 1/4 wild boar (WB), 1/2 wild boar and 3/4 wild boar genotypes. The weight of the skull was affected by the genotype, live weight and sex of the animal. The size of the skull, particularly related to skull length parameters, increased consistently with the increase of the wild boar proportion in the hybrids. However, the Sus scrofa genotype did not affect the skull height. Clear discrimination was possible between the local Lithuanian breed pigs and their hybrids with different proportions of wild boar and between individual groups of hybrids. The most correct classification was determined on the basis of the overall and length parameters of the crania. This could contribute to better management and utilization of hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Razmaitė
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Artūras Šiukščius
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Šarūnė Marašinskienė
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neaux D, Harbers H, Blanc B, Ortiz K, Locatelli Y, Herrel A, Debat V, Cucchi T. The effect of captivity on craniomandibular and calcaneal ontogenetic trajectories in wild boar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2022; 338:575-585. [PMID: 35286754 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the plastic (i.e., nonheritable) changes induced by human control over wild animals in the archeological record is challenging. Previous studies detected morphological markers associated with captivity in the cranium, mandible, and calcaneus of adult wild boar (Sus scrofa) but the developmental trajectories leading up to these changes during ontogeny remain unknown. To assess the impact of growth in a captive environment on morphological structures during postnatal ontogeny, we used an experimental approach focusing on the same three structures and taxon. We investigated the form and size differences of captive-reared and wild-caught wild boar during growth using three-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Our results provide evidence of an influence of captivity on the morphology of craniomandibular structures, as wild specimens are smaller than captive individuals at similar ages. The food resources inherent to anthropogenic environments may explain some of the observed differences between captive-reared and wild specimens. The calcaneus presents a different contrasted pattern of plasticity as captive and wild individuals differ in terms of form but not in terms of size. The physically more constrained nature of the calcaneus and the direct influence of mobility reduction on this bone may explain these discrepancies. These results provide new methodological perspectives for bioarchaeological approaches as they imply that the plastic mark of captivity can be observed in juvenile specimens in the same way it has been previously described in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Neaux
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
- Laboratoire Paléontologie Evolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie, UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Hugo Harbers
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Blanc
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute-Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Obterre, France
| | - Katia Ortiz
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute-Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Obterre, France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS UPMC EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute-Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Obterre, France
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247, INRAE CNRS Université de Tours IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS UPMC EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cucchi
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Application of 3D Imaging as an Appropriate Method of Wildlife Craniometry: Evaluation of Accuracy and Measurement Efficiency. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233256. [PMID: 36496776 PMCID: PMC9739653 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The suitability of CT and 3D scanners for craniometric proposes was tested using digital calipers when determining linear measurements, and a measuring cylinder was used for the accuracy of 3D printing of deer antlers obtained by the CT and 3D scanners. The resolution of digitized objects from a 3D scanner ranged from 0.008 mm to 0.122 mm. For mandibular dimensions, a positive deviation (p < 0.01) from the primary control measurement was recorded. The average antler volume measured with the cylinder was 60.47 cm3 at the first measurement, in the case of the CT scanner 61.62 cm3 and for the 3D scanner 64.76 cm3—both technologies exhibit a positive deviation from the primary measurement. Precise sensing and measurements can be used to evaluate the quality and evolution of wildlife populations, create digital museum collections, or to examine in detail certain traits such as antler and horn development or dentition.
Collapse
|
5
|
Neaux D, Louail M, Ferchaud S, Surault J, Merceron G. Experimental assessment of the relationship between diet and mandibular morphology using a pig model: new insights for paleodietary reconstructions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3150-3160. [PMID: 35142076 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits exert significant selective pressures on anatomical structures in animals, leading to substantial morphological adaptations. Yet, the relationships between the mandible and diet are still unclear, raising issues for paleodietary reconstructions notably. To assess the impact of food hardness and size on morphological structures, we used an experimental baseline using a model based on the domestic pig, an omnivorous mammal with bunodont, thick-enameled dentition, and chewing movements similar to hominids. We hypothesized that the consumption of different types of seeds would result in substantial differences in the morphology of the mandible despite similar overall diets. The experiment was conducted on four groups of juvenile pigs fed with mixed cereal and soy flours. The control group received only flours. We supplemented the four others with either 10 hazelnuts, 30 hazelnuts, 30% barley seeds or 20% corn kernels per day. We investigated the shape differences between the controlled-fed groups using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Our results provide strong evidence that the supplemental consumption of a significant amount of seeds for a short period (95 days) substantially modify the mandibular morphology of pigs. Our analyses suggest that this shape differentiation is due to the size of the seeds, requiring high and repeated bite force, rather than their hardness. These results provide new perspectives for the use of mandibular morphology as a proxy in paleodietary reconstructions complementing dental microwear textures analyses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Neaux
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France.,Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Margot Louail
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Jérôme Surault
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gildas Merceron
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|