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Kim JH, Ishizuka S, Kitamura K, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe SI, Kasahara M. Ontogenic transformation of the ankle from the initial mediolateral arrangement of the calcaneus and talus: A histological study of human embryos and early fetuses. J Anat 2024; 245:392-404. [PMID: 39032027 PMCID: PMC11306779 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The human calcaneus is robust and provides a prominent heel for effective bipedal locomotion, although the adjacent talus has no muscle attachments. However, there is incomplete information about the morphological changes in these prominent bones during embryo development. We examined serial histological sections of 23 human embryos and early-term fetuses (approximately 5-10 weeks' gestational age [GA]). At a GA of 5 weeks, the precartilage talus was parallel to and on the medial side of the calcaneus, which had a prolate spheroid shape and consisted of three masses. At a GA of 6 weeks, the cartilaginous talus extended along the proximodistal axis, and the tuber calcanei became long and bulky, with a small sustentaculum talus at the "distal" side. At a GA of 6 to 8 weeks, the sustentaculum had a medial extension below the talus so that the talus "rode over" the calcaneus. In contrast, the talus had a more complex shape, depending on the growth of adjacent bones. At a GA of 9 to 10 weeks, the talus was above the calcaneus, but the medial part still faced the plantar subcutaneous tissue because of the relatively small sustentaculum. Therefore, the final morphology appeared after an additional several weeks. Muscle activity seemed to facilitate growth of the tuber calcanei, but growth of the other parts of calcaneus, including the sustentaculum, seemed to depend on active proliferation at the different sites of cartilage. Multiple tendons and ligaments seemed to fix the talus so that it remained close to the calcaneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitamura K, Ishizuka S, Kim JH, Yamamoto H, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe SI. Development and growth of the temporal fascia: a histological study using human fetuses. Anat Cell Biol 2024; 57:288-293. [PMID: 38590096 PMCID: PMC11184431 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal fascia is a double lamina sandwiching a thick fat layer above the zygomatic bony arch. To characterize each lamina, their developmental processes were examined in fetuses. We observed histological sections from 22 half-heads of 10 mid-term fetuses at 14-18 weeks (crown-rump length, 95-150 mm) and 12 near-term fetuses at 26-40 weeks (crown-rump length, 215-334 mm). The superficial lamina of the temporal fascia was not evident at mid-term. Instead, a loose subcutaneous tissue was attached to the thin, deep lamina of the temporal fascia covering the temporalis muscle. At near-term, the deep lamina became thick, while the superficial lamina appeared and exhibited several variations: i) a mono-layered thick membrane (5 specimens); ii) a multi-layered membranous structure (6) and; iii) a cluster of independent thick fasciae each of which were separated by fatty tissues (1). In the second and third patterns, fatty tissue between the two laminae was likely to contain longitudinal fibrous bands in parallel with the deep lamina. Varying proportions of the multi-layered superficial lamina were not attached to the zygomatic arch, but extended below the bony arch. Whether or not lobulation or septation of fatty tissues was evident was not dependent on age. The deep lamina seemed to develop from the temporalis muscle depending on the muscle contraction. In contrast, the superficial lamina developed from subcutaneous collagenous bundles continuous to the cheek. Therein, a difference in development was clearly seen between two categories of the fasciae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Hirouchi H, Takeuchi Y, Yang T, Yamamoto M, Hayashi S, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe S. Transient contribution of the sphenoid ala major to the socket of the temporomandibular joint in near-term fetuses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38794819 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex structure that plays a vital role in the movement of the jaw. Some anatomy and dental textbooks show that, at the medial margin, the TMJ capsule attaches to a suture between the sphenoid ala major and the temporal bone squamosa. In near-term fetuses, the ala major extends posterolaterally to approach the TMJ. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of the sphenoid ala major to the socket of the TMJ in near-term fetuses. We examined histological sections from 22 human fetuses (approximately 15-40 weeks). At midterm, the lateral and superior walls of the TMJ cavity were formed by the temporal bone squamosa, whereas the ala major was distant from the joint. However, at near-term, the ala major formed the medial wall of almost the entire part of the joint cavity. The top of the TMJ was attached to both the squamosa and ala major, with the condylar head consistently separated from the sphenoid by the joint disk. We observed a significant descent of the middle cranial fossa in near-term fetuses, which brought the ala major close to the TMJ. This transient position of the TMJ near the sphenoid is likely due to brain enlargement and posterolateral growth of the ala major. After birth, occlusion causes the anterior growth of the mandibular fossa of the squamosa, which moves the ala major away from the TMJ. Similarly, the lateral growth of the sphenoid toward the squamosa suture may also stop in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianyi Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara-shi, Japan
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara-shi, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Jin ZW, Honkura Y, Yamamoto M, Hayashi S, Murakami G, Abe H, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF. Sphenomandibular ligament and degenerating Meckel's cartilage revisited: Sequential variations with temporal bone deformity for ligament attachment in near-term human fetuses. J Anat 2024; 244:514-526. [PMID: 37988318 PMCID: PMC10862171 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sphenomandibular ligament (SML) is considered to originate from Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, no study has examined how the os goniale contributes to SML development. METHODS Semiserial histological sections of heads from 18 near-term fetuses at 27-40 weeks of gestation were examined. OBSERVATIONS The os goniale and the anterior process of the malleus (AP) provided a long, bar-like membranous bone complex that passed through the petrotympanic and tympanosquamosal fissures. Notably, the AP-goniale complex is sometimes elongated inferiorly to join the SML (n = 4 specimens). Along the complex in the bone fissures, a degenerating MC was often present (n = 12). With (n = 6) or without (n = 3) the MC remnant, the tympanic bone (TYB) protruded inferomedially near the tympanosquamosal fissure, and it sometimes continued to a cartilaginous SML (n = 3). The temporal bone squamosa or petrosa provided a similar bony process approaching the SML. The middle meningeal artery often ran between the sphenoid and petrosa. CONCLUSIONS Most of the specimens (n = 15) exhibited a sequential change from a cartilaginous SML as a continuation of the MC remnant to the ligament after the disappearance of the cartilage. The degenerating MC appeared to cause transformation from the AP-goniale complex and/or TYB to "another ligament" that replaced the usual SML at the upper part. Near the MC remnant, a similar transformation was also suggested on the squamosa or petrosa. The sphenoid spine appeared to originate often from the sphenoid ala major but sometimes from the TYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yohei Honkura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Emeritus professor of Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Prevost A, Muller S, Lauwers F, Heuzé Y. Quantification of global orbital shape variation. Clin Anat 2023; 36:1066-1074. [PMID: 36648017 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex anatomy of the orbit generates a complex orbital shape that can only be quantified approximatively by classic linear measurements such as maximum width and height. There is no global three-dimensional quantification of variations in orbital shape. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify a global three-dimensional orbital shape variation in a healthy population and to test a series of explanatory factors. We investigated the hypotheses that orbital shape is related to gender(H1), orbital size(H2) and/or age(H3). Medical computed tomography(CT) images of 60 adult individuals were studied. The study sample consisted of 30 males and 30 females with a mean age of 25.1 years. Four anatomical landmarks and 140 semi-landmarks were measured on both positive and negative 3D reconstructed orbits and analyzed with geometric morphometrics. A principal component analysis(PCA) was computed to define a morphological space. Shape variation was visualized using vector distance maps and diagrams. The greatest variation was seen in the length of the superior orbital fissure. There was a gradient in terms of orbital shape ranging from short, wide orbits to tall, narrow orbits. The analysis did not highlight any significant age-, gender- or size-related impact in terms of orbital shape variation. Future avenues to explore include the study of other potential explanatory factors such as the different embryological origins of the orbital bones, the passage of vessels and nerves, and ethnic origins. This method can also be applied to the study of pathological orbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Prevost
- Plastic and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Samuel Muller
- Plastic and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Ramsay Santé Clinique de l'Union, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lauwers
- Plastic and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Heuzé
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, PACEA, Pessac, France
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Bordoni B, Escher AR. Rethinking the Origin of the Primary Respiratory Mechanism. Cureus 2023; 15:e46527. [PMID: 37808591 PMCID: PMC10552882 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is the joint regarded as the most important foundation for understanding cranial osteopathy and craniosacral therapy. SOS is the origin of the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM), a movement between the posterior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone and the anterior surface of the base of the occipital bone. From the PRM perspective, an alteration of the position between the two bone surfaces would create cranial and/or craniosacral dysfunction. These positional alterations of the SOS (in adults and children) would determine specific and schematical movements of the bones of the entire skull, whose movements are recognizable by palpation by trained operators. PRM expression is influenced by other elements, such as movement of the cranial bones, inherent movement of the central nervous system, cyclic movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), mechanical tension of the cranial meninges, and passive movement of the sacral bone between the iliac bones. The article reviews the most up-to-date information on the evolution of cranial sutures/joints and meninges in adulthood, the fluctuations of the CSF, brain, and spinal mass movements. Research should reconsider the motivations that induce the operator to discriminate the palpable cranial rhythmic impulse, and probably, to rethink new cranial dysfunctional patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA
| | - Allan R Escher
- Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
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Yamamoto M, Hayashi S, Honkura Y, Hirano-Kawamoto A, Katori Y, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe S. Nasal capsule ossification: A histological study using human foetuses to find an association between the foetus and adult morphologies of the nasal wall. J Anat 2023; 243:517-533. [PMID: 36998216 PMCID: PMC10439375 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent molecular biology studies have revealed the process of nasal capsule determination. We aimed to create a fate map showing the association between the adult and embryonic components of the nasal wall and nasal capsule derivatives. We examined paraffin-embedded histological sections between 15 mid-term (9-16 weeks) and 12 near-term (27-40 weeks) foetuses. Until 15 weeks, membranous ossification occurred 'along' the capsular cartilage, contributing to the formation of the vomer, maxilla and bony nasal septum as well as the nasal, frontal and lacrimal bones. After 15 weeks, a wide lateral part of the capsule became thin and fragmented, and degenerative cartilage was observed near the lacrimal bone, in the three conchae, and at the inferolateral end of the capsule sandwiched between the maxilla and palatine bone. The disappearing cartilages appeared to be replaced by nearby membranous bones. This type of membranous ossification did not appear to use the capsular cartilage as a 'mould', although the perichondrium may have a role in inducing ossification. Calcified cartilage indicated endochondral ossification in the inferior concha until 15 weeks and, later, at the bases of three conchae and around the future sphenoid sinus (i.e. the concha sphenoidalis). The capsular cartilage extended antero-superiorly over the frontal bone and inserted into the nasal bone. At 40 weeks, the capsular cartilage remained in the cribriform plate and at the inferolateral end along the palatine bone. Consequently, less guidance from the nasal capsule seemed to provide great individual variation in the shape of the wide anterolateral wall of the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yohei Honkura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ai Hirano-Kawamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang M, Zhu S, Shen B, Fang Y, Xie Q, Dai Q, Chen Z, Li X, Wu W. Long-term Outcomes Following Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery for Optic Neuropathy Due to Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia. Laryngoscope 2023. [PMID: 37191080 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression (ETOCD) guided by a navigation surgical system (NSS) for vision recovery in patients with compressive optic neuropathy (CON) caused by craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD), and to explore the underlying cause of visual impairment. METHODS All patients underwent unilateral NSS-guided ETOCD and were followed up periodically for at least six months. Paired sample t-test and Pearson correlation analyses were used to compare continuous variables of the visual outcomes at the final review. A histopathological test of abnormal bone specimens was performed postoperatively. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were finally included, and all surgeries were uneventful. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR units) decreased from 1.29 ± 0.80 preoperatively to 0.97 ± 0.78 at the last follow-up (p = 0.0012), improving in 28 patients (82.35%). The absolute value of mean defect (MD) significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Color vision was impaired in 17 patients preoperatively and improved in 6 patients. BCVA at the last follow-up was significantly correlated with preoperative BCVA, onset time, preoperative retinal nerve fibril layer thickness, and MD (all p < 0.05). Among 34 patients, 26 had a blunt bony process near the anterior foot of the optic chiasm. Of the total patients, 73.53% patients experienced bony fiber recurrence 6 months or earlier after surgery without visual loss. CONCLUSION NSS-guided ETOCD appeared to be safe and effective for visual recovery in patients with CON due to CFD, and early surgical intervention was critical for long-term recovery. Unbalanced compression of the optic canal by the blunt bony process may be a major cause of visual impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Senmiao Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yenan Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wencan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Hanada S, Kim JH, Taniguchi S, Yamamoto M, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe SI. Changing the topographical anatomy among the maxilla, palatine bone, and greater palatine nerve: a histological study using human fetuses. SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY : SRA 2023; 45:159-168. [PMID: 36645485 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The palatine bone (PAL) rides over the maxilla (MX) without an end-to-end suture in the bony palate of fetuses. However, changes in the topographical relationship among bones was unknown at and along the pterygopalatomaxillary suture, including the palatine canals. METHODS Using sagittal, frontal, and horizontal histological sections of the head from 15 midterm fetuses to 12 near-term fetuses, we depicted the changes in the topographical anatomy of the MX, PAL, and greater palatine nerve (GPN). RESULTS In the bony greater palatine canal of these fetuses, the medial and posterior walls facing the GPN were consistently made up of the PAL. At midterm, the entire course of the GPN was embedded in the PAL (six fetuses), or the MX contributed to the lateral wall of the nerve canal (nine). At near-term, the anterior and lateral walls showed individual variations: an MX in the anterior and lateral walls (three fetuses), an anterior MX and a lateral PAL (five), an anterior PAL and a lateral MX (two), and a PAL surrounding the GPN (four). CONCLUSION These increasing variations suggested that the pterygopalatomaxillary suture was actually growing and that the PAL transiently expanded anteriorly and/or laterally to push the MX in fetuses. The "usual" morphology in which the GPN is sandwiched by the MX and PAL is likely established after birth, possibly during adolescence. The driving force of this change may not be produced by the masticatory apparatus. Rather, it might be triggered by the growing maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanada
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-Ro, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Letter to the Editor: “Pterygospinous and pterygoalar bars in children”. Surg Radiol Anat 2022; 44:809-811. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Utsunomiya N, Katsube M, Yamaguchi Y, Yoneyama A, Morimoto N, Yamada S. The first 3D analysis of the sphenoid morphogenesis during the human embryonic period. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5259. [PMID: 35347174 PMCID: PMC8960892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphenoid has a complicated shape, and its morphogenesis during early development remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the detailed morphogenesis of the sphenoid and to visualize it three-dimensionally using histological section (HS) and phase-contrast X-ray CT (PCX-CT). We examined 54 specimens using HS and 57 specimens using PCX-CT, and summarized the initial morphogenesis of the sphenoid during Carnegie stage (CS) 17 to 23. The 3D models reconstructed using PCX-CT demonstrated that some neural foramina have the common process of "neuro-advanced" formation and revealed that shape change in the anterior sphenoid lasts longer than that of the posterior sphenoid, implying that the anterior sphenoid may have plasticity to produce morphological variations in the human face. Moreover, we measured the cranial base angle (CBA) in an accurate midsagittal section acquired using PCX-CT and found that the CBA against CS was largest at CS21. Meanwhile, CBA against body length showed no striking peak, suggesting that the angulation during the embryonic period may be related to any developmental events along the progress of stages rather than to a simple body enlargement. Our study elucidated the normal growth of the embryonic sphenoid, which has implications for the development and evolution of the human cranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Utsunomiya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoki Katsube
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Yamaguchi
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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