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Pozo-Pérez L, Tornero-Esteban P, López-Bran E. Clinical and preclinical approach in AGA treatment: a review of current and new therapies in the regenerative field. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:260. [PMID: 39148125 PMCID: PMC11328498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of hair loss. Its morbility is mainly psychological although an increased incidence in melanoma has also been observed in affected subjects. Current drug based therapies and physical treatments are either unsuccessful in the long term or have relevant side effects that limit their application. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach is needed to promote regenerative enhancement alternatives. These treatment options, focused on the cellular niche restoration, could be the solution to the impact of dihydrotestosterone in the hair follicle microenvironment. In this context emerging regenerative therapies such as Platelet-rich plasma or Platelet-rich fibrine as well as hair follicle stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell based therapies and their derivatives (conditioned medium CM or exoxomes) are highlighting in the evolving landscape of hair restoration. Nanotechnology is also leading the way in AGA treatment through the design of bioinks and nanobiomaterials whose structures are being configuring in a huge range of cases by means of 3D bioprinting. Due to the increasing number and the rapid creation of new advanced therapies alternatives in the AGA field, an extended review of the current state of art is needed. In addition this review provides a general insight in current and emerging AGA therapies which is intented to be a guidance for researchers highlighting the cutting edge treatments which are recently gaining ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pozo-Pérez
- Dermatology Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research of Clinico San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Tornero-Esteban
- Cellular GMP Manufacturing Facility, Institute for Health Research of Clinico San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Specht T, Seifert R. Repurposing of H 1-receptor antagonists (levo)cetirizine, (des)loratadine, and fexofenadine as a case study for systematic analysis of trials on clinicaltrials.gov using semi-automated processes with custom-coded software. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2995-3018. [PMID: 37870580 PMCID: PMC11074024 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
To gain a comprehensive overview of the landscape of clinical trials for the H1-receptor antagonists (H1R antagonists) cetirizine, levocetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, and fexofenadine and their potential use cases in drug repurposing (the use of well-known drugs outside the scope of the original medical indication), we analyzed trials from clincialtrials.gov using novel custom-coded software, which itself is also a key emphasis of this paper. To automate data acquisition from clincialtrials.gov via its API, data processing, and storage, we created custom software by leveraging a variety of open-source tools. Data were stored in a relational database and annotated facilitating a specially adapted web application. Through the data analysis, we identified use cases for repurposing and reviewed backgrounds and results in the scientific literature. Even though we found very few trials with published results for repurpose indications, extended literature research revealed some prominent use cases: Cetirizine seems promising in mitigating infusion-associated reactions and is also more effective than placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Loratadine may be beneficial in the prophylaxis of G-CSF-related bone pain. In COVID-19, H1R antagonists may be helpful, but placebo-controlled scientific evidence is needed. For asthma, the effect of H1R antagonists only seems to be secondary by alleviating allergy symptoms. Our novel method to find potential use cases for repurposing of H1R antagonists allows for high automation, reduces human error, and was successful in revealing potential areas of interest. The software could be used for similar research questions and analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Specht
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Sadeghzadeh Bazargan A, Tavana Z, Dehghani A, Jafarzadeh A, Tabavar A, Alavi Rad E, Goodarzi A. The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with androgenic alopecia, female and male hair loss patterns: A blinded randomized clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:543-551. [PMID: 37650533 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, affecting their quality of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone with the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with AGA, female and male hair loss patterns. METHOD This clinical study was performed on 60 women suffering from AGA. The patients were divided into two groups receiving spironolactone 100 mg/day and finasteride 5 mg/day. In addition, a 2% minoxidil solution was used in all patients in addition to treatment with finasteride or spironolactone. At 2 months after initiation and at the end of treatment, patients were evaluated using the Ludwig/Norwood-Hamilton scale and the degree of physician and patient satisfaction. RESULTS After 2 months, hair density, hair thickness, and hair loss had improved in both groups; however, statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). After 4 months, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of treatment response (physician satisfaction), hair density, and hair loss severity. So that, the drugs used were ineffective in 6.7% of cases in the minoxidil-spironolactone group and in 16.7% of cases in the minoxidil-finasteride group. In addition, 43.3% of cases in the minoxidil-spironolactone group and 53% in the minoxidil-finasteride group responded well to treatment. The treatment effect was excellent in 56.7% and 0% of the mentioned groups, respectively, and the mentioned difference was statistically significant (p: 0.01). The response to treatment in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) was not statistically significant (p: 0.52), but there was a significant difference in the response to both treatments in male pattern hair loss (MPHL; p: 0.007). In terms of patient satisfaction, minoxidil-spironolactone treatment was significantly better than minoxidil-finasteride regarding hair density and severity of hair loss (p: 0.01). Finally, in terms of treatment complications, the patients in two groups did not have any serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION The combination of minoxidil and spironolactone could be considered a more effective treatment than the combination of minoxidil and finasteride in women with AGA, FPHL, and MPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh Bazargan
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Tavana
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Dehghani
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafarzadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Tabavar
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alavi Rad
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Wu X, Du YZ. Nanodrug Delivery Strategies to Signaling Pathways in Alopecia. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5396-5415. [PMID: 37817669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 50% of the global population suffers from hair loss. The mixed results in the treatment of hair loss reveal the limitations of conventional commercial topical drugs. One the one hand, the definite pathogenesis of hair loss is still an enigma. On the other hand, targeted drug carriers ensure the drug therapeutic effect and low side effects. This review highlights the organization and overview of nine crucial signaling pathways associated with hair loss, as well as the development of nanobased topical delivery systems loading the clinical drugs, which will fuel emerging hair loss treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wu
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Bassiouny EA, El-Samanoudy SI, Abbassi MM, Nada HR, Farid SF. Comparison between topical cetirizine with minoxidil versus topical placebo with minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1293-1304. [PMID: 36571611 PMCID: PMC10205881 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in both genders with a higher psychological impact on females. Currently, topical minoxidil is the only FDA-approved treatment for female AGA and it needs life-long application and causes side effects. Cetirizine is an antihistamine that may be effective in hair loss treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of topical cetirizine with minoxidil (group 1) versus topical minoxidil with placebo (group 2) in female patients with AGA. This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel study conducted at Dermatology Clinic, Cairo University Teaching Hospital (Kasr- Al- Ainy), Egypt. Sixty-six patients with female AGA, aged 20-50 years, Sinclair (II-IV), were randomly assigned to one of the 2 groups for 24 weeks. The trichoscopic parameters, patients' self-assessment, side effects and global photographic assessment were evaluated. There was a statistically significant change from baseline in frontal and vertex terminal and vellus hair density (P < 0.0005) with a significant increase in vertex hair shaft thickness and average number of hairs per follicular unit in group 1 (P < 0.05). Patients reported significantly better scores in patient self-assessment in group 1 (P < 0.05). Side effects were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). Topical cetirizine increases hair shaft thickness and results in a higher clinical improvement from patients' perspective with a good safety profile (NCT04481412, study start date: July 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglal A Bassiouny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Solwan I El-Samanoudy
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maggie M Abbassi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan R Nada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F Farid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
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Shin DW. The physiological and pharmacological roles of prostaglandins in hair growth. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:405-413. [PMID: 36302616 PMCID: PMC9614392 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.6.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss is a common status found among people of all ages. Since the role of hair is much more related to culture and individual identity, hair loss can have a great influence on well-being and quality of life. It is a disorder that is observed in only scalp patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or alopecia areata caused by stress or immune response abnormalities. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic medicines such as finasteride, and minoxidil improve hair loss temporarily, but when they stop, they have a limitation in that hair loss occurs again. As an alternative strategy for improving hair growth, many studies reported that there is a relationship between the expression levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and hair growth. Four major PGs such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) are spatiotemporally expressed in hair follicles and are implicated in hair loss. This review investigated the physiological roles and pharmacological interventions of the PGs in the pathogenesis of hair loss and provided these novel insights for clinical therapeutics for patients suffering from alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea,Correspondence Dong Wook Shin, E-mail:
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Chen X, Xiang H, Yang M. Topical cetirizine for treating androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5519-5526. [PMID: 35976065 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetirizine, a widely used agent for allergic disorders, has recently been topically used for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). We aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of topical cetirizine for treating AGA. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized clinical trials. FINDINGS We initially identified 102 records, of which, we included two RCTs and one non-randomized clinical trial, which were of moderate-to-high risk of bias. All included trials used 1% topical cetirizine as the intervention with various regimens. Topical cetirizine was likely to be more effective than a placebo for treating AGA. In comparison with topical minoxidil, topical cetirizine appears to be less effective for improving total and vellus hair density, but it might have a longer-lasting effect. Further, cetirizine might be as effective as minoxidil in improving hair diameter. CONCLUSION One percent topical cetirizine may serve as a choice for treating AGA, especially for patients with a negative response to topical minoxidil. In order to fully understand the role of topical cetirizine for AGA, additional well-designed RCTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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