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Ghobadi A, Moradpoor H, Sharini H, Khazaie H, Moradpoor P. The effect of virtual reality on reducing patients' anxiety and pain during dental implant surgery. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38317209 PMCID: PMC10845398 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental anxiety and pain pose serious problems for both patients and dentists. One of the most stressful and frightening dental procedures for patients is dental implant surgery; that even hearing its name causes them stress. Virtual reality (VR) distraction is an effective intervention used by healthcare professionals to help patients cope with unpleasant procedures. Our aim is to evaluate the use of high-quality VR and natural environments on dental implant patients to determine the effect on reducing pain and anxiety. METHODS Seventy-three patients having two dental implant surgeries participated in a randomized controlled trial. One surgery was with VR, and one was without. Anxiety was measured with the the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale tests. The pain was measured with the Numerical Rating Scales. Patient satisfaction, surgeon distress, memory vividness, and time perception were evaluated. Physiological data were collected with biofeedback and neurofeedback device. RESULTS VR effectively reduced anxiety and pain compared to no VR. Physiological data validated the questionnaire results. Patient satisfaction increased, with 90.4% willing to reuse VR. VR reduced time perception and memory vividness. CONCLUSION Psychometric and psychophysiological assessments showed that VR successfully reduced patient pain and anxiety. More dental clinicians should use VR technology to manage patient anxiety and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghobadi
- Students Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hedaiat Moradpoor
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hamid Sharini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pooya Moradpoor
- Department of business management, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chen R, Chen Y, Yang M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li J, Yang X, Liao Y, Du G, Cao X. Patients' caring experience during procedures under regional anesthesia in Mainland China: A phenomenology study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20330. [PMID: 37810870 PMCID: PMC10556589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although regional anesthesia is common, the procedure results in feelings of uncertainty and anxiety in some patients. Increased care is needed for these patients under general anesthesia. Few studies have focused on the intraoperative caring experience of patients during regional anesthesia. This study focused on the caring experience of patients during procedures involving regional anesthesia. Methods The descriptive phenomenology method of Husserl was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample in five Grade III-A hospitals in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The seven-step analysis method of Colaizzi was applied for the analysis, summation, and theme refinement of the interview data. Results A total of 14 patients from five hospitals participated in the interviews. Four domains and 16 themes emerged during analysis: be informed (about the operation site, progression of the operation, informed in advance, receive explanation for abnormal experience); take care of my body (painless, gentle movements, special care); be protected (work seriously, favorable atmosphere, skilled, authority); and treated as an individual (pay attention, accompany, ask for opinions, encourage patient expression, humorous). Conclusion Patients during procedure under regional anesthesia had specific caring experiences relative to other patients. Medical staff should recognize the importance of regional anesthesia patients' intraoperative caring experience. Hospital administrators should offer support to allow healthcare staff to provide targeted caring for patients during procedure under regional anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Infection Control, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nursing, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Infection Control, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianlei Li
- Department of Knee Injuries, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Nursing, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yufeng Liao
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guijuan Du
- Department of Nursing, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyang Cao
- Department of Hospital President, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hannon B, Prizeman G, Madhavan P, O’Neill S, Martin Z, O’Callaghan A, Colgan MP, Canning C, O’Donnell S. Ambulatory outpatient venous surgery service: An examination of patient satisfaction and experiences. Phlebology 2022; 37:588-595. [DOI: 10.1177/02683555221110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to ascertain patients’ experience of the out-patient venous service being provided,; identify the level of patient satisfaction with the service and identify areas for further improvement and development. Method A prospective descriptive quantitative study. A questionnaire was distributed to all patients who used the service between June 2017 and March 2018. A total of 195 questionnaires was distributed with 162 valid questionnaires returned; response rate of 83%. Results This study found high satisfaction levels with endovenous ablation procedures, with concomitant phlebectomy, in the ambulatory outpatient setting and patient experiences of the service are overwhelmingly positive. Conclusion Study findings support the management of ambulatory outpatient varicose vein endovenous ablation procedures as a feasible alternative to day surgery theatre settings and is the blueprint for future management of varicose vein surgery in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Hannon
- St. James’s Hospital, RN. RM. B.N.S. MA in Healthcare Management, Vascular Unit, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Prizeman
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prakash Madhavan
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean O’Neill
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zenia Martin
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Sharon O’Donnell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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BOZDOĞAN YEŞİLOT S, ÇİFTÇİ H, YENER MK. Lipom eksizyonu sırasında stres küpü kullanımının ağrı ve anksiyete üzerine etkisi. EGE TIP DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.990564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Michaels J, Wilson E, Maheswaran R, Radley S, Jones G, Tong TS, Kaltenthaler E, Aber A, Booth A, Buckley Woods H, Chilcott J, Duncan R, Essat M, Goka E, Howard A, Keetharuth A, Lumley E, Nawaz S, Paisley S, Palfreyman S, Poku E, Phillips P, Rooney G, Thokala P, Thomas S, Tod A, Wickramasekera N, Shackley P. Configuration of vascular services: a multiple methods research programme. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background
Vascular services is changing rapidly, having emerged as a new specialty with its own training and specialised techniques. This has resulted in the need for reconfiguration of services to provide adequate specialist provision and accessible and equitable services.
Objectives
To identify the effects of service configuration on practice, resource use and outcomes. To model potential changes in configuration. To identify and/or develop electronic data collection tools for collecting patient-reported outcome measures and other clinical information. To evaluate patient preferences for aspects of services other than health-related quality of life.
Design
This was a multiple methods study comprising multiple systematic literature reviews; the development of a new outcome measure for users of vascular services (the electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular) based on the reviews, qualitative studies and psychometric evaluation; a trade-off exercise to measure process utilities; Hospital Episode Statistics analysis; and the development of individual disease models and a metamodel of service configuration.
Setting
Specialist vascular inpatient services in England.
Data sources
Modelling and Hospital Episode Statistics analysis for all vascular inpatients in England from 2006 to 2018. Qualitative studies and electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular evaluation with vascular patients from the Sheffield area. The trade-off studies were based on a societal sample from across England.
Interventions
The data analysis, preference studies and modelling explored the effect of different potential arrangements for service provision on the resource use, workload and outcomes for all interventions in the three main areas of inpatient vascular treatment: peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and carotid artery disease. The electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular was evaluated as a potential tool for clinical data collection and outcome monitoring.
Main outcome measures
Systematic reviews assessed quality and psychometric properties of published outcome measures for vascular disease and the relationship between volume and outcome in vascular services. The electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular development considered face and construct validity, test–retest reliability and responsiveness. Models were validated using case studies from previous reconfigurations and comparisons with Hospital Episode Statistics data. Preference studies resulted in estimates of process utilities for aneurysm treatment and for travelling distances to access services.
Results
Systematic reviews provided evidence of an association between increasing volume of activity and improved outcomes for peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and carotid artery disease. Reviews of existing patient-reported outcome measures did not identify suitable condition-specific tools for incorporation in the electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular. Reviews of qualitative evidence, primary qualitative studies and a Delphi exercise identified the issues to be incorporated into the electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular, resulting in a questionnaire with one generic and three disease-specific domains. After initial item reduction, the final version has 55 items in eight scales and has acceptable psychometric properties. The preference studies showed strong preference for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment (willingness to trade up to 0.135 quality-adjusted life-years) and for local services (up to 0.631 quality-adjusted life-years). A simulation model with a web-based interface was developed, incorporating disease-specific models for abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and carotid artery disease. This predicts the effects of specified reconfigurations on workload, resource use, outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Initial exploration suggested that further reconfiguration of services in England to accomplish high-volume centres would result in improved outcomes, within the bounds of cost-effectiveness usually considered acceptable in the NHS.
Limitations
The major source of evidence to populate the models was Hospital Episode Statistics data, which have limitations owing to the complexity of the data, deficiencies in the coding systems and variations in coding practice. The studies were not able to address all of the potential barriers to change where vascular services are not compliant with current NHS recommendations.
Conclusions
There is evidence of potential for improvement in the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of vascular services through further centralisation of sites where major vascular procedures are undertaken. Preferences for local services are strong, and this may be addressed through more integrated services, with a range of services being provided more locally. The use of a web-based tool for the collection of clinical data and patient-reported outcome measures is feasible and can provide outcome data for clinical use and service evaluation.
Future work
Further evaluation of the economic models in real-world situations where local vascular service reconfiguration is under consideration and of the barriers to change where vascular services do not meet NHS recommendations for service configuration is needed. Further work on the electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Vascular is required to assess its acceptability and usefulness in clinical practice and to develop appropriate report formats for clinical use and service evaluation. Further studies to assess the implications of including non-health-related preferences for care processes, and location of services, in calculations of cost-effectiveness are required.
Study registration
This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016042570, CRD42016042573, CRD42016042574, CRD42016042576, CRD42016042575, CRD42014014850, CRD42015023877 and CRD42015024820.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 9, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michaels
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Wilson
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ravi Maheswaran
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen Radley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Georgina Jones
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Thai-Son Tong
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eva Kaltenthaler
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ahmed Aber
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Booth
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Buckley Woods
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Chilcott
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rosie Duncan
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Munira Essat
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edward Goka
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aoife Howard
- Department of Economics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anju Keetharuth
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elizabeth Lumley
- Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Suzy Paisley
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Edith Poku
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Patrick Phillips
- Cancer Clinical Trials Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gill Rooney
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Praveen Thokala
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Thomas
- Department of Vascular Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Angela Tod
- Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nyantara Wickramasekera
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Phil Shackley
- Health Economics & Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Lumley E, Phillips P, Aber A, Buckley‐Woods H, Jones GL, Michaels JA. Experiences of living with varicose veins: A systematic review of qualitative research. J Clin Nurs 2018; 28:1085-1099. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lumley
- School of Health and Related Research The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - Patrick Phillips
- School of Health and Related Research The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - Ahmed Aber
- School of Health and Related Research The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Helen Buckley‐Woods
- School of Health and Related Research The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Georgina L. Jones
- Dapertment of Psychology, School of Social Sciences Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK
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Liu J, Zheng X, Chai S, Lei M, Feng Z, Zhang X, Lopez V. Effects of using WeChat-assisted perioperative care instructions for parents of pediatric patients undergoing day surgery for herniorrhaphy. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2018; 101:1433-1438. [PMID: 29499997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of WeChat-assisted perioperative instructions for parents whose children were to undergo herniorrhaphy. METHOD A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a day surgery center in China. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (WeChat) group (n = 209) and the control (Leaflet) group (n = 209). The primary outcomes of this study were parents' knowledge regarding hernia and rate of cancellation of children's surgery. The secondary outcomes were the rate of lost-to-follow-up and the rate of complications and adverse events during the seventh postoperative follow-up day. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the rate of cancelling the surgery and the mean knowledge score between the WeChat group and leaflet groups. The lost-to-follow-up rate was significantly lower in the WeChat group (0.54%) than in the leaflet group (3.66%). The incidence of postoperative complications were higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS WeChat-assisted perioperative care instructions enhanced parents' knowledge on perioperative instructions and promoted the preparation of their children for day surgery resulting in lower rate of cancelling the surgery. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS WeChat has the ability to expand health services outside the hospital confines and could be used as an important low-cost health educational medium in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shouxia Chai
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Meirong Lei
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zehui Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Violeta Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Young Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Garzón-Rey JM, Arza-Valdés A, Nuevo-Gayoso M, Aguiló J. Effectiveness of patient empowerment over stress related to knee arthroplasty surgery. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2017; 28:186-193. [PMID: 29107452 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to show evidence of the Empowerment Session's effectiveness through measurements of surgery related emotional stress before and after this session. METHOD The study was performed on 41 patients with knee arthroplasty surgery prescription by measuring the evolution of their emotional stress generated by surgery expectative, during the empowerment session. Two sets of measurements per patient were performed, before and after the empowerment session. Each set consisted of recording an electrocardiogram for 10min while the patients were seated and then applying two standard psychometric tests: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory test and Visual Analog Stress test. Differences in emotional stress were analyzed using psychometric tests and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as stress biomarkers. RESULTS Psychometric stress measurement shows a 17.8% reduction in stress according to the total stress scale value, and a 41.9% reduction in stress between test results before and after the session. Mean heart rate values increased by 7.4% with respect to the initial values, very low frequency power and total power also change in value suggesting more sympathetic and less parasympathetic activity. CONCLUSIONS Both psychological and physiological measurements suggest the effectiveness of the empowerment session due to a significant increase in the wellness state of patients. Additionally, the correlation between psychometric tests and HRV indices demonstrates that both emotional stress indicators could be used as feedback on the empowerment sessions or as a reference to enhance surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mario Garzón-Rey
- Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomonitoring Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBER-bbn), Spain.
| | - Adriana Arza-Valdés
- Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomonitoring Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBER-bbn), Spain
| | | | - Jordi Aguiló
- Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomonitoring Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBER-bbn), Spain; Integrated Systems Department, Microelectronics Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Mitchell M. Day surgery nurses' selection of patient preoperative information. J Clin Nurs 2016; 26:225-237. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mitchell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Social Work & Social Sciences; University of Salford; Salford Greater Manchester UK
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Hudson BF, Davidson J, Whiteley MS. The impact of hand reflexology on pain, anxiety and satisfaction during minimally invasive surgery under local anaesthetic: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1789-97. [PMID: 26294281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated patient anxiety during surgery is linked to a range of suboptimal treatment outcomes. Reflexology has been reported to be effective in reducing pre and post-operative anxiety and post-operative pain. OBJECTIVES To explore whether the addition of hand reflexology to treatment as usual during minimally invasive varicose vein surgery under local anaesthetic impacted upon patient reported anxiety and pain during surgery, and patient satisfaction with treatment. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Private outpatient clinic specialising in venous conditions. PARTICIPANTS 137 participants were assessed for eligibility. One hundred patients were recruited (mean age 47.8 years, 83% female). Participants received endovenous thermal ablation and/or phlebectomy for the treatment of varicose veins. Inclusion criteria included age (between 18 and 80) and receiving endovenous thermal ablation and/or phlebectomy for the treatment of varicose veins under local anaesthetic. Exclusion criteria included the presence of leg ulcers and receiving microsclerotherapy or foam sclerotherapy treatments, being unwilling to enter into the randomisation process and arriving late at the clinic. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to either treatment as usual (control group) or intra-operative hand reflexology during minimally invasive varicose vein surgery under local anaesthetic. Participants in the reflexology group received a session of intra-operative hand reflexology which began in the operating theatre, prior to analgesic injections and continued until surgery was complete. It was not possible to blind the participants, researchers or theatre staff to group allocation due to the modifications required to the operating theatre for participants in the reflexology group. The researcher could not be blinded due to the role they played in the trial organisation. RESULTS Of the 137 participants screened for eligibility, 7 participants declined to participate and a further 30 did not meet the inclusion criteria, giving a recruitment rate of 93%. Fifty participants were randomised to the reflexology group and fifty participants were randomised to the control group. Intra-operative anxiety was significantly lower in the reflexology group (mean score of 3.24 on an 11-point rating scale) than the control group (mean score of 5.0, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Intra-operative hand reflexology is a useful adjunct to local anaesthetic varicose vein surgery, with participants in the reflexology group reporting significantly lower intra-operative anxiety and shorter pain duration than participants receiving treatment as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony F Hudson
- The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7RF, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jade Davidson
- The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7RF, UK; Rosey Feet, UK
| | - Mark S Whiteley
- The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7RF, UK; Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Hudson B, Ogden J, Whiteley M. Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on pain and anxiety experienced during conscious surgery. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:1447-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.F. Hudson
- School of Psychology; University of Surrey; Guildford UK
| | - J. Ogden
- School of Psychology; University of Surrey; Guildford UK
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