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Hodge DR, Jiang L, Sun F, Bonifas RP. Identifying and Addressing the Spiritual Needs of Older Adults in Care Facilities: Administrators of Chinese Nursing Homes Relate Their Perspectives. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:1514-1523. [PMID: 38556716 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241242311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the spiritual needs of older adults is a central component of holistic service provision. Using a qualitative description design, this study identified: (1) common spiritual needs among Chinese nursing home residents, including the needs of residents with dementia, (2) the process staff use to identify these needs when residents are unable to verbalize them, and (3) the strategies staff implement to meet the identified needs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nursing home administrators. Analysis produced five themes, including the need for older adults to express their faith, receive love and care, have contact with their children, interact with others, and participate in activities. For residents with dementia who are unable to verbalize their concerns, staff used two primary strategies to identify spiritual needs: careful observation and communication with family members. To address the identified spiritual needs, multiple strategies were offered including arranging clergy visits and personalizing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hodge
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Program for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Social Work, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robin P Bonifas
- Department of Social Work, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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Grabenweger R, Völz D, Bumes E, Weck C, Best M, Paal P. Vignettes as a novel research tool in spiritual care: A methods paper. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:1232-1240. [PMID: 37864358 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To discuss the construction and use of vignettes as a novel approach in spiritual care research and education. DESIGN Methods paper. METHODS In this methods paper, the authors introduce the use of vignettes in spiritual care research and provide insight into the construction of vignettes. The vignette presented was part of a study of neurosurgical nurses' attitudes and responses to the spiritual needs of neuro-oncology patients. The development process, consisting of four steps, is explained in this paper. RESULTS Using a vignette to explore nurses' attitudes towards spiritual care is an innovative way to understand what behaviours nurses consider appropriate in situations where the patient is seeking meaning and connection. Transparent description of the development process is crucial to ensure reproducibility. CONCLUSION The use of theoretically constructed and validated vignettes in spiritual care research is new. Vignettes used in surveys have the potential to elicit nurses' responses to patients' search for meaning and connectedness. IMPLICATIONS In order to investigate nurses' attitudes and behaviours towards patients' spiritual needs, carefully constructed and validated vignettes are valuable research tools. IMPACT Vignettes have proven to be a valuable research tool in the social and health sciences. So far, their use as a survey instrument in spiritual care research has not been investigated. Therefore, this method paper introduces vignettes as a novel approach to spiritual care research. Our findings contribute to the further development of vignettes in nursing science, as there are similarities with case development and simulation training in nursing education. REPORTING METHOD Reporting guideline is not applicable. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Grabenweger
- Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Völz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander - NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bumes
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander - NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Weck
- Institute of Palliative Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Megan Best
- Institute for Ethics and Society, University of Notre Dame Australia, Broadway, Australia
| | - Piret Paal
- Institute of Palliative Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Wang W, Yang J, Bai D, He J, Cai M, Gong X, Lu X, Hou C, Gao J. Instruments for assessing the spiritual needs of cancer patients: A systematic review of psychometric properties. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:7956-7969. [PMID: 37788077 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify available instruments for assessing cancer patients' spiritual needs and to examine their psychometric properties using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology. BACKGROUND Cancer patients frequently have significant spiritual needs. The nurse plays an integral role in assessing the patient's spiritual needs as part of providing holistic care. It is crucial to assess these needs using appropriate and reliable instruments. DESIGN A systematic review based on COSMIN methodology. METHODS Seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, CNKI and WANFANG) were systematically searched from inception until 14 February 2023. Two authors independently screened eligible literature, extracted data and evaluated methodological and psychometric quality. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist. RESULTS Sixteen studies have reported 16 different versions of the instruments. None of the instruments were properly assessed for all psychometric properties, nor were measurement error, responsiveness and cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance reported. All of the instruments failed to meet the COSMIN quality criteria for content validity. The quality of evidence for structural validity and/or internal consistency in five instruments did not meet the COSMIN criteria. Eventually, five instruments were not recommended, and 11 were only weakly recommended. CONCLUSION Instruments to assess spiritual needs exhibited limited reliability and validity. The Spiritual Care Needs Scale is provisionally recommended for research and clinical settings, but its limitations regarding content validity and cross-cultural application must be considered in practice. Future research should further revise the content of available instruments and comprehensively and correctly test their psychometric properties. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The review findings will provide evidence for healthcare professionals to select instruments for recognising spiritual needs in cancer patients. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study is a systematic review with no patient or public participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingxi Bai
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali He
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjin Cai
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianying Lu
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoming Hou
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cone PH, Lassche‐Scheffer J, Bø B, Kuven BM, McSherry W, Owusu B, Ross L, Schep‐Akkerman A, Ueland V, Giske T. Strengths and challenges with spiritual care: Student feedback from the EPICC Spiritual Care Self-Assessment Tool. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6923-6934. [PMID: 37475149 PMCID: PMC10495739 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore qualitative data from students' self-reported competencies in spiritual care gathered during testing of a student self-assessment tool based on the EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard. DESIGN Reflexive thematic analysis of qualitative data from a multinational study on validating a new self-assessment tool. METHODS The EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard for competency in spiritual care was developed to enhance nurses' and midwives' ability to provide spiritual care by creating a baccalaureate education standard for spiritual care competencies. Spiritual care researchers then developed a self-assessment tool to raise student awareness of spirituality and track personal and professional growth in spiritual care competency. The EPICC Spiritual Care Competency Self-Assessment Tool, tested at eight universities in five countries, provided many opportunities for student comments, resulting in rich qualitative data presented here. RESULTS Themes related to strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. Identified strengths were similar across countries: caring attitudes, general knowledge of caring and compassion and good communication skills. Weaknesses/challenges touched on spirituality as overlooked in some cultures but part of life for others, complex questions were hard to understand, and self-assessment tools are common for some and rare for others. Areas for improvement included need for knowledge of religious and other deeply held beliefs and for greater spiritual assessment skills. Similarities across countries related to basic training in communication and compassionate care for nurses globally. Differences lay in the challenges and/or barriers for spiritual care and may relate to cultures within countries and/or university test sites. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The Tool raises awareness of spirituality among students and working nurses, providing an accessible way to self-check personal and professional growth in spiritual care competencies, which increases student and nurse capacity to become more knowledgeable and skilled in facilitating spiritual care, thus be role models for students at the intersection of spirituality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela H. Cone
- School of NursingAzusa Pacific UniversityGreater Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- VID Specialized UniversityBergenNorway
| | - Joanne Lassche‐Scheffer
- Nursing Academy of Health CareViaa Christian University of Applied SciencesZwolleThe Netherlands
| | - Bodil Bø
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway
| | - Britt Moene Kuven
- Western Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized UniversityBergenNorway
| | - Wilfred McSherry
- VID Specialized UniversityBergenNorway
- Department of Nursing, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University Stoke‐on‐TrentUniversity Hospitals of North Midlands NHS TrustStoke‐on‐Trent/StaffordUK
- Faculty of Health StudiesVID Specialized UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Benson Owusu
- School of Public Health, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Linda Ross
- School of Care Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & EducationUniversity of South WalesNewportUK
| | | | - Venke Ueland
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway
| | - Tove Giske
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized UniversityBergenNorway
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Köktürk Dalcali B, Erden Melikoğlu S. The Relationship Between Nursing Students' Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care and their Personal Values. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1907-1921. [PMID: 34304336 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study involved a descriptive and correlational study to determine how nursing students at one university in Turkey perceive spiritual care. The data were collected through a personal information form, the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson's Correlation Analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. There was a correlation between perceptions of personal values and spiritual care. It was observed that the values that predicted perception of spiritual care were the values of hedonism and tradition. Therefore, it is recommended to plan value-based training, especially on subjective concepts such as spiritual care and plan simulation-based training where students can measure the results of their behaviors and reactions in given scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Köktürk Dalcali
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Seçil Erden Melikoğlu
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Abide-i Hurriyet Street, 34381, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Türkben Polat H, Özdemir AA. Relationship between Compassion and Spiritual Care among Nurses in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1894-1905. [PMID: 34032974 PMCID: PMC8144689 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the compassion level of nurses on the frequency of their provision of spiritual care therapeutics to patients. The research was conducted as a correlational descriptive study and included 253 nurses working in a university hospital in Turkey between October and December 2020. The data were collected via an online survey using psychometrically valid scales to assess the nurses' compassion and provision of spiritual care therapeutics. The nurses had a high compassion level and a medium level of spiritual care therapeutics. Compassion level explained 31% of the frequency of spiritual care therapeutics. As nurses' compassion levels increased, the frequency of their provision of spiritual care therapeutics to patients also increased.
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Slabaugh K, Elliott B. Making Time and Being Present: Spiritual Care Revisited. Home Healthc Now 2022; 40:154-158. [PMID: 35510970 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant strain on home healthcare clinicians, shifting the focus of care to essential physical care needs. Spiritual care needs have always been present, but the pandemic has heightened recognition of the importance of spiritual care in home care. The goals of spiritual care include promoting physical healing, improving quality of life, and enhancing patient and family wellbeing. The use of a standardized spiritual assessment tool can increase provider awareness and patient expression of spiritual care needs. Spiritual care activities consist of obtaining a spiritual history, compassionate presence, mindful listening, interprofessional collaboration, and the provision of space for spiritual practices. This article provides a conceptual overview and strategies for application of spiritual care competencies.
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Understanding Spiritual Care—Perspectives from Healthcare Professionals in a Norwegian Nursing Home. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nursing home professionals have reported that spiritual care is an unclear concept, and research suggests that healthcare professionals have a limited understanding of this dimension of care. The provision of spiritual care is well-investigated internationally, but research is sparse within Norway’s secularized society. This study investigated healthcare professionals’ understanding of spiritual care in one nursing home. Methods: Data were collected from individual interviews (N = 8) and one focus group (N = 5) of nursing home personnel; the study used qualitative content analysis and a hermeneutic methodology. Results: One central question emerged during the data analysis: what is spiritual care versus good care? This starting point resulted in four themes (1) caring for the whole person, (2) having a personal touch, (3) seeing the person behind the diagnosis, and (4) more than religiousness. Some healthcare professionals had not heard of spiritual care, and many were not aware of this in their daily work with older patients. Nevertheless, they facilitated and cared for the patient’s spiritual needs, but they did not address it as spiritual care. Other participants were familiar with the concept and understood spiritual care as an essential part of daily care. Conclusion: healthcare professionals’ understanding of spiritual care is broad and varied, including practical and non-verbal aspects. The results indicated a need for an open dialogue about spiritual needs and resources in clinical practice and the teaching of personnel about how to facilitate older people’s spirituality. Moreover, there is a need for more research into spiritual care and how it differs from the concept of good fundamental care.
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Aslan H, Unsal A. Nursing Students' Perception Levels of Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:4316-4330. [PMID: 33913065 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine nursing students' perception levels of spirituality and spiritual care and the factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out in the nursing faculty of a university located in eastern Turkey between April and June 2019. The study population was made up of students studying within a department of nursing (n = 1250), and involved a sample size of 420 students, determined by power analysis. Data were obtained from an 'Introductory Information Form' that included students' sociodemographic characteristics and questions related to spiritual care and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). Students scored, on average, 59.8 ± 9.7 on the SSCRS. Gender, year of undergraduate education, father's education level, knowledge of spiritual care, beliefs on the relationship between spiritual care and nursing care, and the ability to meet patients' spiritual needs were variables with an impact on the total SSCRS scores (p < 0.05). The findings show that spiritual care perception levels of nursing students were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakime Aslan
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey.
| | - Ayla Unsal
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, 40100, Turkey
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Santos PMD, Rodrigues KDS, Pinheiro LA, Santana BDS, Ipólito MZ, Magro MCDS. Religious and spiritual support in the conception of nurses and families of critical patients: a cross-sectional study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2021; 55:e20200508. [PMID: 34698760 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2020-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the religious and spiritual support in critical care according to the conception of patients' family members and nurses. METHOD This is a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with nurses and relatives of patients admitted to intensive care units. Sociodemographic data were collected and a questionnaire on religiosity and spirituality was applied to family members and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale to nurses. The results with p ≤ 0.05 were significant. RESULTS Sample consisted of intensive care nurses (n = 22) and family members (n = 61). Intensive care nurses stated that they can provide spiritual care (p = 0.03). Of the family members, 88.5% believed that religiosity and spirituality help in coping with difficult times, highlighting prayer as part of care for critically ill patients (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Nurses and family members recognized religious/spiritual support as significant to the process of caring for critically ill patients, even though professional qualification is required for greater integration of this support in daily intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Breno de Sousa Santana
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Abstract
This paper presents and compares similarities and differences between nurses’ and patients’ reports on comfort levels with spiritual assessment. Spiritual care is a part of nurses’ professional responsibilities; however, nurses continue to report that they are poorly prepared for this. There is limited research on patients’ expectations or perspectives on spiritual care. For the original mixed-method, two-phased study, a 21-item survey with 10 demographic variables, and some open-ended questions related to the comfort level of assessing/being assessed in the spiritual domain were distributed to 172 nurses and 157 hospitalised patients. SPSS was used to analyse and compare the results from nurses and patients; thematic analysis was used to examine the open-ended questions. Nurses reported a higher high degree of comfort with spiritual assessment than patients reported towards being assessed spiritually. Both nurses and patients saw respect and trust as key to building a relationship where open questions related to spirituality can be used as a helpful way to assess patients spiritually. Increased understanding of the best approach toward a patient must be based on the beliefs, values, and practices of that patient so that spiritual care can be individually tailored, and nurses can help patients move along the path to healing.
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Lavik MH, Gripsrud BH, Ramvi E. How Do Migrant Nursing Home Staff Relate to Religion in Their Work With Patients Who Are Approaching Death? J Holist Nurs 2020; 39:254-269. [PMID: 33238800 PMCID: PMC8427817 DOI: 10.1177/0898010120973544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how migrant nursing home staff relate to religion in their care for patients who are approaching death. METHOD AND THEORY Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 migrant health care workers from five nursing homes in Norway. The overall analytic approach was hermeneutical. The parts and the whole were interpreted in light of each other to gain a "thick description" of the data material in order to show the ways in which experiential meaning-making draws on cultural webs of sign ificance. FINDINGS Religion held various meanings for the migrant health care workers interviewed. Religious and cultural competence and knowledge of migrant nursing home staff was neither asked for by the management nor discussed in the staff group. The way our participants related to religion at work was therefore based on individual preferences and internalized practices. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Organized reflection groups among staff are needed in order to integrate and develop religious literacy in the multicultural nursing home setting. Such reflection groups can help the individual staff member to perform holistic nursing, that is, to be attentive of the interconnectedness of biological, social, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects in a human being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Høyland Lavik
- Chaplaincy Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway; Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Birgitta Haga Gripsrud
- Department of Caring and Ethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ellen Ramvi
- Department of Caring and Ethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
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van Leeuwen R, Attard J, Ross L, Boughey A, Giske T, Kleiven T, McSherry W. The development of a consensus-based spiritual care education standard for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students: An educational mixed methods study. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:973-986. [PMID: 33128269 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to develop a consensus-based Spiritual Care Education Standard for undergraduate N/M students to use in undergraduate programmes. DESIGN Mixed methods were used consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods based on the principles of Delphi research. METHODS The sample consisted of a total of 58 (N = 58) participants from 21 European countries. Data collection was conducted from June 2017 - February 2019 and took place in facilitated iterative action learning cycles and online surveys. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. Consensus was stated by >90% agreement. RESULTS The process resulted in an EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard consisting of the following four spiritual care competences: Intrapersonal spirituality, Interpersonal spirituality, Spiritual care: assessment and planning, Spiritual care: intervention and evaluation. For every competence, learning outcomes were described in knowledge, skills and attitudes. CONCLUSION This Standard guides N/M spiritual care education, student assessment and research. It can be the starting point for discussing spiritual care competences in other healthcare professions. Follow-up research should focus on implementation of the standard and on assessment of students' spiritual competence. IMPACT The Standard guides curriculum and programme development. The Standard guides students in performing their learning process. The Standard provides a frame of reference for policy making and follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- René van Leeuwen
- Viaa Christian University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Ross
- School of Care Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Boughey
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Tove Giske
- Faculty of Health Sciences, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Kleiven
- Centre for Diakonia and Professional Practice, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wilfred McSherry
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.,The University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.,VID Specialized University, Bergen & Oslo, Norway
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14
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Nurses’ response to spiritual needs of cancer patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 48:101792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ghorbani M, Mohammadi E, Aghabozorgi R, Ramezani M. Spiritual care interventions in nursing: an integrative literature review. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1165-1181. [PMID: 32929533 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As an important part of the holistic care, spiritual care is considered an indicator of care quality. This study aims to identify and characterize nursing spiritual care interventions. In order to identify and select resources, an integrative review was done. The search was conducted in national and international databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, INML, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, Web of Science, Wiley, SID, ProQuest, Ovid, Science Direct, PubMed, ebrary, Sage, CINAHL, and Magiran from 1994 to 2018. As a result, 1625 articles were detected, 59 of which were included in synthesis. Data extraction and analysis presented eight categories of spiritual care interventions in the field of nursing including (1) the exploration of spiritual perspective, (2) healing presence, (3) the therapeutic use of self, (4) intuitive sense, (5) patient-centeredness, (6) meaning-centered therapeutic interventions, (7) the creation of a spiritually nurturing environment, and (8) the documentation and evaluation of spiritual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghorbani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eesa Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Aghabozorgi
- Khansari Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Monir Ramezani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Batstone E, Bailey C, Hallett N. Spiritual care provision to end-of-life patients: A systematic literature review. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:3609-3624. [PMID: 32645236 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop an understanding of how nurses provide spiritual care to terminally ill patients in order to develop best practice. BACKGROUND Patients approaching the end of life (EoL) can experience suffering physically, emotionally, socially and spiritually. Nurses are responsible for assessing these needs and providing holistic care, yet are given little implementable, evidence-based guidance regarding spiritual care. Nurses internationally continue to express inadequacy in assessing and addressing the spiritual domain, resulting in spiritual care being neglected or relegated to the pastoral team. DESIGN Systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines. METHODS Nineteen electronic databases were systematically searched and papers screened. Quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist, and deductive thematic analysis, with a priori themes, was conducted. Results Eleven studies provided a tripartite understanding of spiritual caregiving within the a priori themes: Nursing Spirit (a spiritual holistic ethos); the Soul of Care (the nurse-patient relationship); and the Body of Care (nurse care delivery). Ten of the studies involved palliative care nurses. CONCLUSION Nurses who provide spiritual care operate from an integrated holistic worldview, which develops from personal spirituality, life experience and professional practice of working with the dying. This worldview, when combined with advanced communication skills, shapes a relational way of spiritual caregiving that extends warmth, love and acceptance, thus enabling a patient's spiritual needs to surface and be resolved. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Quality spiritual caregiving requires time for nurses to develop: the personal, spiritual and professional skills that enable spiritual needs to be identified and redressed; nurse-patient relationships that allow patients to disclose and co-process these needs. Supportive work environments underpin such care. Further research is required to define spiritual care across all settings, outside of hospice, and to develop guidance for those involved in EoL care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cara Bailey
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Veras SMCB, Menezes TMDO, Guerrero-Castañeda RF, Soares MV, Anton Neto FR, Pereira GS. Nurse care for the hospitalized elderly's spiritual dimension. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 72:236-242. [PMID: 31826216 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the nurse care for the spiritual hospitalized elderly's dimension. METHOD a qualitative study, based on Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. The study included 17 nurses working in a geriatric center in Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil. The collection of testimonies occurred between January and April of 2018, through an interview. RESULTS spiritual care were dialogue, encouragement and respect for religious activities, embracement, empathy. One of the obstacles to providing this care was the lack of preparation in accessing the elderly's spiritual dimension. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS spirituality is a dimension of human and holistic nursing care. Caring for the spirit contributes to foster transpersonal care. The difficulty may be in the lack of nurses' preparation. It is necessary that they cultivate and live their own spirituality, transmitting the understanding in each care relationship.
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18
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McKnight CM, Livingston J. Spiritual Care Perspective of College Student-Athletes. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1938-1952. [PMID: 30054772 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality in healthcare has been researched in multiple healthcare professions; however, very little research has been done in athletic training, and no studies have investigated the athletes' perception. The purpose of our online survey study was to determine the perceptions of college student-athletes on spiritual care. Our participants included 268 collegiate student-athletes from both faith-based and non-faith-based institutions. Respondents agree that spirituality may affect treatment progress, addressing spiritual concerns of the athlete could result in a more positive outcome, and certified athletic trainers should have some basic skills and knowledge to support the spiritual needs of the athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M McKnight
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Azusa Pacific University, 701 E Foothill Blvd, PO Box 7000, Azusa, CA, 91702, USA
| | - Jennifer Livingston
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Azusa Pacific University, 701 E Foothill Blvd, PO Box 7000, Azusa, CA, 91702, USA.
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19
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Lepherd L, Rogers C, Egan R, Towler H, Graham C, Nagle A, Hampton I. Exploring spirituality with older people: (1) rich experiences. JOURNAL OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2019.1651239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lepherd
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
- University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | | | | | - Helen Towler
- Baillie Henderson Hospital, Toowoomba, Australia
| | | | - Andrea Nagle
- Baillie Henderson Hospital, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Ilsa Hampton
- Meaningful Ageing Australia, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Kuven BM, Giske T. Talking about spiritual matters: First year nursing students' experiences of an assignment on spiritual conversations. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2019; 75:53-57. [PMID: 30731404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiritual care is part of holistic nursing. However, nurses have reported that their education does not sufficiently prepare them for spiritual care in practice. Few studies have reported students' perspectives on how they acquire skills and knowledge in spiritual care. AIM The aim of the study was to explore how first year nursing students experienced a compulsory assignment that asked them to carry out a conversation with someone about spiritual aspects of nursing care and to reflect about it in relation to nursing. DESIGN The study was a qualitative content analysis of students' reflective logs. METHODS This research analysed the reflective logs of 385 (76%) first year nursing students from one religious and one secular university in Norway. The logs were written in response to an assignment based on Stoll's assessment guide, which asked them to carry out a conversation about spiritual aspects of nursing care. RESULTS Analysis yielded three main categories that characterised students' experience of this assignment: meeting oneself, beyond one's comfort zone and discovering the other. CONCLUSIONS Students brought few skills and little experience in spiritual care into their education, and they felt that spiritual care conversations were personal and outside of their comfort zone. It is challenging for nursing education to equip nursing students with the competence in spiritual care necessary to meet the standard set out by the International Council of Nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Moene Kuven
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tove Giske
- VID Specialized University, Faculty of Health Studies, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Harrad R, Cosentino C, Keasley R, Sulla F. Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the measures used to assess spiritual care provision and related factors amongst nurses. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:44-55. [PMID: 30977748 PMCID: PMC6625560 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4-s.8300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim of the work: Spiritual wellbeing has important implications for an individual’s health and wellbeing. Whilst the provision of spiritual care and assessment of spiritual needs is a vital part of the nurse’s role, literature suggests that nurses do not always engage in spiritual care with their patients or assess their spiritual needs. This review aims to ascertain wider reasons for this inconsistent spiritual care delivery by nurses to their patients. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted to identify instruments available relating to nursing professionals spiritual care and assessment. Results: 14 measures relating to spiritual care and assessment were identified covering the key domains of: ‘Beliefs and values and attitudes around spiritual care,’ ‘Frequency of provision or extent to which they provide spiritual care or willingness,’ ‘Respondents’ level of knowledge around spirituality and spiritual care,’ ‘Ability to respond to spiritual pain,’ and ‘Multiple Domains: beliefs and attitudes around spirituality and spiritual care, amount of preparation, training and knowledge, spiritual care practices, perceived ability and comfort with provision and perceived barriers to provision.’ Conclusions: A lack of standardisation in the conceptualisation and assessment of spiritual care causes challenges in reviewing, however several themes do emerge. In general student and qualified nurses are aware of the importance of providing spiritual care and are hindered by a lack of education about how best to implement such care. The religiosity of individual nurses or their training institutions seems to be of less importance than training in spiritual care interventions. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Harrad
- College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University.
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22
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Abstract
The aim of this paper was to explore a select group of Spanish nurses’ views of spirituality and spiritual care. An exploratory design using both qualitative and quantitative methods was used in this study. The participants were nurses who were enrolled in a Master of Nursing Research. Data were collected via an open questionnaire. Furthermore, participants completed the Meaning in Life Scale (MiLS-Sp), whose results were analysed using quantitative methodology. The results that were obtained from the quantitative analyses reported a satisfactory mean score on nurses’ self-reported spirituality. Qualitative data were analysed using grounded theory procedures. Qualitative analysis showed two approaches to spirituality nurses’ views: (i) a clinical approach that influenced by the context of their clinical practice and (ii) an alternative approach where spirituality was viewed as a health resource, moving away from the biomedical model of nursing training. Nurses are sensitive to spirituality issues and acknowledge their importance to practice. Despite this, they view spirituality in a rather mechanistic way without changing their attitudes, competences and perspectives on healthcare.
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23
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Abstract
Student nurses are unprepared to meet the spiritual needs of patients, and are often uncomfortable addressing this. This article aims to describe the student perspective of spirituality in relation to the holistic care model. Findings from the study provide insight about preparing nursing students to deliver spiritual care in nursing practice.
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Abstract
This qualitative secondary analysis explored the narratives of 14 nurses from various practice settings. Data analysis identified that although nurses share responsibility for spiritual caregiving for their patients, the ability to provide this care is greatly influenced by intrinsic and the extrinsic factors. Spiritual caregiving was seen as both a discrete act that facilitated patients' spiritual practices and, in other situations, took the form of integrative spiritual caregiving that was part of the interpersonal connection in the nurse-patient relationship.
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25
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Cone PH, Giske T. Integrating spiritual care into nursing education and practice: Strategies utilizing Open Journey Theory. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2018; 71:22-25. [PMID: 30216754 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Throughout nursing, spirituality is a recognized domain of patient care, but nurses feel ill prepared by their nursing education to provide care that is spiritual in nature to patients and their families. Incorporating spiritual care into nursing curricula is challenging in light of the amount of topics for healthcare learning. Open Journey Theory is based on the merging of two grounded theories, one teaching and one learning theory, and is the suggested framework for integrating spirituality and spiritual care across all levels of nursing education. Specially chosen readings (books, articles), activities (role-plays, discussion groups), and assignments (journaling, writing papers, giving reports) can be integrated into already existing courses. By utilizing the three stages of preparing, connecting, and reflecting to frame student learning, nurse educators can introduce and build on spiritual concepts from the simple to the complex over the course of the entire nursing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela H Cone
- Azusa Pacific University, 701 E. Foothill Blvd., Azusa, CA 91702, USA.
| | - Tove Giske
- VID Specialized University, Faculty of Health Bergen, Ulriksdal 10, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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26
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The Effects of Endotracheal Suctioning in the Pediatric Population: An Integrative Review. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2018; 37:44-56. [PMID: 29194174 DOI: 10.1097/dcc.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill pediatric patients with endotracheal tubes routinely receive endotracheal tube suctioning to clear secretions and ensure tube patency. This common practice can result in adverse effects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the research literature on the stressors of endotracheal suctioning and consequent effect on the pediatric patient. METHODS An integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl modified framework for integrative reviews, and article selection was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses flow diagram. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus. Selected articles were evaluated to present the current evidence on the stressors of endotracheal suctioning in the pediatric population. RESULTS This review includes 14 articles, with a total of 849 patients, ranging in age from premature neonates to 17 years of age. The available literature aligned into 3 categories: neurovascular effects, respiratory systems effects, and pain related to endotracheal tube suctioning. Pain was the most prevalent category, with half of the studies using endotracheal suctioning as a painful procedure to validate pain assessment tools rather than examining the effect of suctioning. A majority of the studies (67%) were conducted in the premature neonate population. Children with congenital cardiac or pulmonary defects, genetic syndromes, or neurological injuries were frequently excluded. CONCLUSIONS Literature regarding the effects of endotracheal suctioning in children is limited. There are many extrapersonal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal stressors associated with endotracheal suctioning that merit future research.
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Arrieira ICDO, Thofehrn MB, Porto AR, Moura PMM, Martins CL, Jacondino MB. Spirituality in palliative care: experiences of an interdisciplinary team. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2018; 52:e03312. [PMID: 29668791 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2017007403312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the experience of spirituality in the daily routine of a palliative care interdisciplinary team. Method A qualitative study was conducted with an oncological palliative care team in southern Brazil. The data was collected through phenomenological interviews in 2014, and interpreted using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Results Six professionals participated in the study. Spiritually-related activities, such as prayer and providing comprehensive care, were useful therapeutic resources for offering comfort, survival with dignity and humanization of death, in addition to helping the team and patients understand the end-of-life process and search for meaning in the suffering caused by illness. Conclusion Spirituality on the part of professionals with patients imparted meaning to their palliative care work and facilitated the formation of bonds between teams, patients, and family members.
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28
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Cruz JP, Reyes RWP, Colet PC, Estacio JC, Caldeira S, Vitorino LM, Koenig HG. Psychometric Evaluation of the Filipino Versions of the Duke University Religion Index and the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale in Filipino Hemodialysis Patients. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:1381-1396. [PMID: 28054216 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Filipino versions of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL-F) and the Spiritual Coping Strategies scale (SCS-F) for hemodialysis (HD) patients in the Philippines. A convenient sample of 162 HD patients was included in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The DUREL-F and SCS-F exhibited acceptable internal consistency and stability reliability, as well as excellent content and construct validity. The findings confirmed the soundness of the psychometric properties of the two scales. Thus, they can be used for timely and accurate assessment of religiosity and spiritual coping utilization among Filipino patients receiving HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Preposi Cruz
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, PO Box 1678, Dawadmi, 11911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ralph Warren P Reyes
- Ilocos Training and Regional Medical Center, San Fernando, La Union, Philippines
| | - Paolo C Colet
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, PO Box 1678, Dawadmi, 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joel C Estacio
- Midwifery Department, Institute of Community Health and Allied Medical Sciences, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University South La Union Campus, Agoo, La Union, Philippines
| | - Sílvia Caldeira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Harold G Koenig
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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29
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Minton ME, Isaacson MJ, Varilek BM, Stadick JL, O'Connell-Persaud S. A willingness to go there: Nurses and spiritual care. J Clin Nurs 2017; 27:173-181. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Minton
- South Dakota State University College of Nursing; Brookings SD USA
| | - Mary J. Isaacson
- South Dakota State University College of Nursing; Sioux Falls SD USA
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30
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31
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Cone PH, Giske T. Nurses’ comfort level with spiritual assessment: a study among nurses working in diverse healthcare settings. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:3125-3136. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tove Giske
- VID Specialized University; Faculty of Health; Bergen Norway
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Dealing with a life changing event: The influence of spirituality and coping style on quality of life after survival of a cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 2016; 109:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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